Publication Date:
2011-08-26
Description:
Infections by the Ebola and Marburg filoviruses cause a rapidly fatal haemorrhagic fever in humans for which no approved antivirals are available. Filovirus entry is mediated by the viral spike glycoprotein (GP), which attaches viral particles to the cell surface, delivers them to endosomes and catalyses fusion between viral and endosomal membranes. Additional host factors in the endosomal compartment are probably required for viral membrane fusion; however, despite considerable efforts, these critical host factors have defied molecular identification. Here we describe a genome-wide haploid genetic screen in human cells to identify host factors required for Ebola virus entry. Our screen uncovered 67 mutations disrupting all six members of the homotypic fusion and vacuole protein-sorting (HOPS) multisubunit tethering complex, which is involved in the fusion of endosomes to lysosomes, and 39 independent mutations that disrupt the endo/lysosomal cholesterol transporter protein Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1). Cells defective for the HOPS complex or NPC1 function, including primary fibroblasts derived from human Niemann-Pick type C1 disease patients, are resistant to infection by Ebola virus and Marburg virus, but remain fully susceptible to a suite of unrelated viruses. We show that membrane fusion mediated by filovirus glycoproteins and viral escape from the vesicular compartment require the NPC1 protein, independent of its known function in cholesterol transport. Our findings uncover unique features of the entry pathway used by filoviruses and indicate potential antiviral strategies to combat these deadly agents.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3175325/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉 〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3175325/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carette, Jan E -- Raaben, Matthijs -- Wong, Anthony C -- Herbert, Andrew S -- Obernosterer, Gregor -- Mulherkar, Nirupama -- Kuehne, Ana I -- Kranzusch, Philip J -- Griffin, April M -- Ruthel, Gordon -- Dal Cin, Paola -- Dye, John M -- Whelan, Sean P -- Chandran, Kartik -- Brummelkamp, Thijn R -- AI081842/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI081842/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI081842-03/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI088027/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI088027-03/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 HG004938/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R21 HG004938-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI070117/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007288/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI057159/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI057159-09/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 24;477(7364):340-3. doi: 10.1038/nature10348.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21866103" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
Animals
;
Biological Transport
;
Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
;
Cell Line
;
Cholesterol/*metabolism
;
Ebolavirus/*physiology
;
Endosomes/metabolism
;
Fibroblasts/metabolism/pathology/virology
;
Genome, Human/genetics
;
Glycoproteins/metabolism
;
Haploidy
;
Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/drug therapy/metabolism
;
Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics
;
Humans
;
Lysosomes/metabolism
;
Marburg Virus Disease/drug therapy/metabolism
;
Marburgvirus/physiology
;
Membrane Fusion/genetics/physiology
;
Membrane Glycoproteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism
;
Multiprotein Complexes/chemistry/deficiency/genetics/metabolism
;
Mutation/genetics
;
Niemann-Pick Diseases/pathology/virology
;
Receptors, Virus/metabolism
;
Viral Fusion Proteins/metabolism
;
*Virus Internalization
Print ISSN:
0028-0836
Electronic ISSN:
1476-4687
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
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