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  • 1
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    Detecting single-electron events in TEM using low-cost electronics and a silicon strip sensor (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-03
    Description: There is great interest in developing novel position-sensitive direct detectors for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) that do not rely in the conversion of electrons into photons. Direct imaging improves contrast and efficiency and allows the operation of the microscope at lower energies and at lower doses without loss in resolution, which is especially important for studying soft materials and biological samples. We investigate the feasibility of employing a silicon strip detector as an imaging detector for TEM. This device, routinely used in high-energy particle physics, can detect small variations in electric current associated with the impact of a single charged particle. The main advantages of using this type of sensor for direct imaging in TEM are its intrinsic radiation hardness and large detection area. Here, we detail design, simulation, fabrication and tests in a TEM of the front-end electronics developed using low-cost discrete components and discuss the limitations and applications of this technology for TEM.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
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  • 2
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    MicroRNA-34a regulates cardiac ageing and function (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-22
    Description: Ageing is the predominant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and contributes to a significantly worse outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as crucial regulators of cardiovascular function and some miRNAs have key roles in ageing. We propose that altered expression of miRNAs in the heart during ageing contributes to the age-dependent decline in cardiac function. Here we show that miR-34a is induced in the ageing heart and that in vivo silencing or genetic deletion of miR-34a reduces age-associated cardiomyocyte cell death. Moreover, miR-34a inhibition reduces cell death and fibrosis following acute myocardial infarction and improves recovery of myocardial function. Mechanistically, we identified PNUTS (also known as PPP1R10) as a novel direct miR-34a target, which reduces telomere shortening, DNA damage responses and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and improves functional recovery after acute myocardial infarction. Together, these results identify age-induced expression of miR-34a and inhibition of its target PNUTS as a key mechanism that regulates cardiac contractile function during ageing and after acute myocardial infarction, by inducing DNA damage responses and telomere attrition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boon, Reinier A -- Iekushi, Kazuma -- Lechner, Stefanie -- Seeger, Timon -- Fischer, Ariane -- Heydt, Susanne -- Kaluza, David -- Treguer, Karine -- Carmona, Guillaume -- Bonauer, Angelika -- Horrevoets, Anton J G -- Didier, Nathalie -- Girmatsion, Zenawit -- Biliczki, Peter -- Ehrlich, Joachim R -- Katus, Hugo A -- Muller, Oliver J -- Potente, Michael -- Zeiher, Andreas M -- Hermeking, Heiko -- Dimmeler, Stefanie -- England -- Nature. 2013 Mar 7;495(7439):107-10. doi: 10.1038/nature11919. Epub 2013 Feb 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23426265" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/genetics/pathology/*physiology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; DNA Damage ; Fibrosis/genetics/pathology ; Gene Deletion ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Genetic Therapy ; Heart/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; MicroRNAs/*genetics/metabolism ; Myocardial Infarction/genetics/pathology/therapy ; Myocardium/cytology/*metabolism/pathology ; Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology/metabolism/pathology ; Substrate Specificity ; Telomere/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    MicroRNA-92a controls angiogenesis and functional recovery of ischemic tissues in mice (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-23
    Description: MicroRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by binding to target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), leading to translational repression or degradation. Here, we show that the miR-17approximately92 cluster is highly expressed in human endothelial cells and that miR-92a, a component of this cluster, controls the growth of new blood vessels (angiogenesis). Forced overexpression of miR-92a in endothelial cells blocked angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In mouse models of limb ischemia and myocardial infarction, systemic administration of an antagomir designed to inhibit miR-92a led to enhanced blood vessel growth and functional recovery of damaged tissue. MiR-92a appears to target mRNAs corresponding to several proangiogenic proteins, including the integrin subunit alpha5. Thus, miR-92a may serve as a valuable therapeutic target in the setting of ischemic disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bonauer, Angelika -- Carmona, Guillaume -- Iwasaki, Masayoshi -- Mione, Marina -- Koyanagi, Masamichi -- Fischer, Ariane -- Burchfield, Jana -- Fox, Henrik -- Doebele, Carmen -- Ohtani, Kisho -- Chavakis, Emmanouil -- Potente, Michael -- Tjwa, Marc -- Urbich, Carmen -- Zeiher, Andreas M -- Dimmeler, Stefanie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 26;324(5935):1710-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1174381. Epub 2009 May 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19460962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Down-Regulation ; Endothelial Cells/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Hindlimb/blood supply ; Humans ; Integrin alpha5/genetics/metabolism ; Ischemia/drug therapy/metabolism/pathology/*physiopathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; MicroRNAs/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Myocardial Infarction/metabolism/pathology/*physiopathology ; Myocardium/metabolism ; *Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Oligoribonucleotides/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Regional Blood Flow ; Up-Regulation ; Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects ; Zebrafish
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microsite reactions of urea-nbtpt fertilizer on the soil surface
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Soil Biology and Biochemistry 25 (1993), S. 1107-1117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0038-0717
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(93)90159-9
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modified Iron-Oxide-Impregnated Paper Strip Test for Soils Treated with Phosphate Fertilizers (1998)
    Springer
    Soil Science Society of America journal 62 (1998), S. 972-976 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0661
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: M CaCl2 has been proposed as an improved soil test for evaluating available P from soils treated with phosphate rock (PR) and triple superphosphate (TSP). However, conclusive evidence for this suggestion has not been reported. This study was conducted to evaluate the suitability of the Pi test for both PR and TSP. In a greenhouse study, two acid soils —Hartsells silt loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Hapludult) and Hiwassee clay loam (fine, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Kanhapludult)—were mixed with ground (0.15-mm, 100-mesh) North Carolina (NC) PR or commercial-grade granular TSP at 0 to 300 mg P kg–1 soil. The soil samples were preincubated for 2 wk before maize (Zea mays L.) was planted and grown for 5 wk. Prior to planting, soil samples were analyzed by three soil tests: Bray I, Pi test with 0.01 M CaCl2, and Pi test with 0.02 M KCl. The results showed that NC-PR and TSP were equally effective in increasing dry-matter yield and P uptake by maize in Hartsells soil. North Carolina phosphate rock was approximately 83 and 91% as effective as TSP in increasing dry-matter yield and P uptake, respectively, in Hiwassee soil. When P uptake was plotted against soil test values, both the Bray I and Pi test with CaCl2 underestimated available P from NC-PR for TSP-treated soil. Available soil P estimated by the Pi test using KCl instead of CaCl2 was more closely related to P uptake with both NC-PR and TSP. More P was extracted from NC-PR by the Pi test with KCl than with CaCl2, whereas no effect was observed for TSP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact on ammonia volatilization losses of mixing KCl of high pH with urea (1994)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 40 (1994), S. 89-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: KCl ; ammonia volatilization ; urea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Ammonia volatilization associated with urea hydrolysis has been shown to be primarily associated with the pH of the soil solution and its buffering ability in the immediate zone of the fertilizer granule. Numerous studies have also shown that these losses can be reduced significantly by the addition of large amounts of KCl with the urea. Because the pH of commercial sources of potash ranges from 6.5 to 9.5, investigations were conducted to determine if the high pH of these K sources had an effect on the ammonia lost from three contrasting soils. Despite large ammonia losses (approximately 50% of N applied) and a significant reduction in loss due to the use of KCl (30%-50% reduction), the experiments showed no effect of potash pH on ammonia loss. It may be concluded that no risk of enhanced ammonia loss can be associated with the use of high-pH potash sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750092
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of phosphate rock sources on biological nitrogen fixation by soybean (1993)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 34 (1993), S. 153-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Available phosphorus ; biological nitrogen fixation ; phosphate rock (PR) ; soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Very little information is available concerning the effect of phosphate rock (PR) sources on biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in legume crops. In a greenhouse study, the15N isotopic dilution technique was used to compare the effectiveness of three sources of PR (Hahotoe rock, Togo; Tilemsi rock, Mali; and Sechura rock, Peru) with that of triple superphosphate (TSP) in increasing soybean seed yield and the amounts of N fixed by the soybean crop. The acid Hartsells slit loam was limed to pH 5.2 and incubated with 8.5 mg N kg−1 as K15NO3 and sucrose for 2 months prior to planting. Then fertilizer P was incorporated into the soil at 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg P kg−1 rates. The relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE) of the three PRs with respect to TSP (RAE = 100%) in terms of increasing seed yield was Hahotoe rock = 6.0%, Tilemsi rock = 45.9%, and Sechura rock = 75.2%; this trend followed the same trend as PR reactivity, i.e., Sechura rock 〉 Tilemsi rock 〉 Hahotoe rock. BNF was affected significantly by all the P treatments. Of the total N derived from the three N sources (atmosphere, Ndfa; fertilizer K15NO3, Ndff; and soil, Ndfs), Ndfa was highest with TSP and lowest with Hahotoe rock, whereas the reverse was found with Ndfs. Among various plant parts, more Ndfa was translocated and stored in seeds than in stems + leaves and roots. The RAE values of the three PRs with respect to TSP (RAE = 100%) in terms of influencing the amount of BNF were Hahotoe rock = 3.0%, Tilemsi rock = 43.4%, and Sechura rock = 71.2%. A linear relationship was found between the amount of BNF by the whole soybean plant and the soybean seed yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750110
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of the sulfur and oxygen analogs of phosphoric triamide urease inhibitors in reducing urea hydrolysis and ammonia volatilization (1990)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 26 (1990), S. 21-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: N efficiency ; nBTPT ; nBPT ; CHTPT ; and CHPT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A variety of compounds have been tested as urease inhibitors with the goal of providing a means of reducing ammonia volatilization losses from urea fertilizers when they are applied to the soil surface. Four phosphoric triamide compounds were studied in laboratory experiments to assess their effect on urea hydrolysis, soil ammonium levels, and ammonia volatilization. The compounds N(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (nBTPT), cyclohexyl thiophosphoric triamide (CHTPT), and their oxygen analogs [N-(n-butyl) phosphoric triamide (nBPT) and cyclohexyl phosphoric triamide (CHPT), respectively] were mixed with urea at 0.1% and 0.01% w/w ratios, and the products were applied to the soil surface. A forced-draft apparatus was used to measure ammonia loss. The urea treatment lost 47% of applied N as ammonia in 14 d. The inhibitors applied at 0.1% w/w showed losses of 7%–10% in 14 d; at 0.01%, losses ranged from 13%–30% in the same period. At the 0.1% level, no significant difference was found among the inhibitors in terms of ammonia loss or urea hydrolysis trends. At the 0.01% concentrations, the oxygen analogs showed better urea urease inhibition than did the thio compounds, and their ammonia losses were half those of their sulfur analogs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048741
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  • 9
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    Plant Availability of Phosphorus in Four Superphosphate Fertilizers Varying in Water-Insoluble Phosphate Compounds (2008)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0361-5995
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0661
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
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    Modified Iron-Oxide-Impregnated Paper Strip Test for Soils Treated with Phosphate Fertilizers (1998)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0361-5995
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0661
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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