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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of patterns of gene expression in Hawaiian picture-wingedDrosophila (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 16 (1980), S. 73-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Enzymes ; Evolution ; Gene regulation ; HawaiianDrosophila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The tissue and stage specificity of expression of five enzymes was examined by electrophoretic analysis of relative enzyme levels in extracts of 13 larval and adult tissues in 27 species of Hawaiian picture-wingedDrosophila. The developmentally regulated patterns of enzyme expression thus characterized were compared to a modal standard phenotype. About 30% of the pattern features analyzed differed significantly from the standard in one or more species. Many of these regulatory differences are essentially qualitative, with tissue specific differences in enzyme activity in excess of 100 fold for some species pairs. The adaptive significance of these pattern differences is unknown, but the results provide strong direct evidence for rapid evolution of new patterns of gene regulation in this group of organisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01731579
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleotide sequence of the genomic region encoding alcohol dehydrogenase inDrosophila affinidisjuncta (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 28 (1988), S. 43-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Alcohol dehydrogenase ; Hawaiian picture-wingedDrosophila ; Gene promoters ; DNA sequence evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The DNA sequence of a 3886-bp genomic region containing the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene fromDrosophila affinidisjuncta, and the RNA sequences of theD. affinidisjuncta Adh transcripts, are presented. These data support the conclusion that twoAdh promoters generate distinct, developmentally regulatedAdh transcripts. Correlations between these sequences and the transcription map are discussed. Comparisons between these and equivalent data fromD. melanogaster are also presented. We note the following observations: (1) Except at the extreme 3′ end, the two genes are identically organized. (2)Drosophila Adh protein accumulates amino acid replacements at the rate of approximately 0.5 per million years. (3) Among the non-protein-coding DNA sequences, putative homologies occur in the two promoter regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02143496
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of regulatory genes and patterns: Relationships to evolutionary rates and to metabolic functions (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 37 (1993), S. 590-599 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Evolution ; Gene regulation ; Drosophila ; Adaptation ; Enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In an effort to understand the forces shaping evolution of regulatory genes and patterns, we have compared data on interspecific differences in enzyme expression patterns among the rapidly evolving Hawaiian picture-winged Drosophila to similar data on the more conservative virilis species group. Divergence of regulatory patterns is significantly more common in the former group, but cause and effect are difficult to discern. Random fixation of regulatory variants in small populations and/or during speciation may be somewhat more likely than divergence driven by selection. Within the picture-winged group, we also have compared enzymes that fulfill different metabolic roles. There are highly significant differences between individual enzymes, but no obvious correlations to functional categories.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00182745
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene regulation in Drosophila: Independent expression of closely linked, related structural loci (1976)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 14 (1976), S. 709-721 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: regulation ; genetics ; development ; genome organization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A number of biochemical and genetic features shared by aldehyde oxidase and pyridoxal oxidase in Drosophila melanogaster indicate a close relationship between these enzymes. The present work shows that probable structural genes for these enzymes are within about 0.08 map unit of each other. Comparison with intensively studied regions of the genome suggests that this value is of the order of magnitude expected for adjacent functional units. Despite this close linkage, there is no indication of coordinate expression of the two enzymes. These results are consistent with the idea that each structural gene is under control of its own regulatory region, but alternative explanations are possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00485336
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aldehyde oxidases of Drosophila: Contributions of several enzymes to observed activity patterns (1981)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 19 (1981), S. 567-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: aldehyde oxidase ; Drosophila ; evolution ; gene regulation ; isozymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract At least four enzymes contribute to histochemically, electrophoretically, or spectrophotometrically detectable aldehyde oxidase (AO) activity in Drosophila melanogaster. The one we designate AO-1 contributes the majority of activity measured in extracts of whole flies. Pyridoxal oxidase (PO) is also a broad range AO. It is prominent only in midgut and Malpighian tubules, where it apparently accounts for a substantial fraction of total AO activity. The tissue distributions of these enzymes are clearly disparate despite close linkage of their structural loci and parallel dependence on the mal, lxd, and cin loci. A similarly related enzyme, xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), is detected as an AO only in electrophoretic gels. A fourth broad range AO, not dependent on mal, lxd, and cin, is confined to the ejaculatory bulb. A similar array of AO isozymes is present in phylogenetically distant Drosophila species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00484627
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Cis-acting regulator of enzyme tissue specificity in Drosophila is expressed at the RNA level (1981)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 183 (1981), S. 264-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is expressed according to qualitatively different patterns in Drosophila grimshawi and two closely related species, D. orthofascia and D. formella. This regulatory difference is under control of a cis-acting genetic factor. The ADH of these species is very similar to ADH of D. melanogaster and a genomic ADH clone derived from the latter hybridizes specifically to ADH coding sequences of the other species. Using this hybridization probe, it is shown that the above cis-acting regulator acts before or shortly after transcription to control ADH expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00270627
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complex cis-acting regulatory genes demonstrated in Drosophila hybrids (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 1 (1979), S. 229-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: aldehyde oxidase ; alcohol dehydrogenase ; Hawaiian Drosophila ; interspecific hybridization ; regulatory genes ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Drosophila heteroneura and D differens are closely related, interfertile species of the Hawaiian picture-winged group. They display marked qualitative and quantitative differences in the pattern of expression of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and an aldehyde oxidase (AO-1). These presumptive regulatory differences are revealed by comparisons of the relative levels of these enzymes in various tissues in larvae and adults. In hybrids produced between parents carrying different electrophoretic alleles at the structural loci for these two enzymes, each allele is expressed according to the developmental program characteristic of the parent from which it was derived. This result indicates control of the differences in pattern of expression by one or more cis-acting sites associated with each structural locus. The distribution of activity among all the three forms of these dimeric enzymes produced in hybrids indicates that the pattern differences reflect differential accumulation of enzyme molecules, not altered catalytic properties. As expected, the regulatory differences segregate with the electrophoretic markers in backcrosses.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020010305
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the architecture of regulatory systems: Evolutionary insights and implications (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 8 (1988), S. 204-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Interspecific comparisons reveal remarkable diversity in patterns of gene expression, even among closely related species. Combinatorial regulatory mechanisms could facilitate the evolution of this diversity. However, the high degree of interdependence characteristic of combinatorial networks would represent a major constraint on evolution and might generate many features that have no direct adaptive value.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950080608
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  • 9
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    Marginal fitness contributions of nonessential genes in yeast (1998)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-01-06
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    Regulation of the tissue specificity of an enzyme by a cis-acting genetic element: evidence from interspecific Drosophila hybrids. (1979)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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