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  • 1
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    Micromagnetic coercivity distributions and interactions in chondrules with implications for paleointensities of the early solar system (2007)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Chondrules in chondritic meteorites record the earliest stages of formation of the solar system, potentially providing information about the magnitude of early magnetic fields and early physical and chemical conditions. Using first-order reversal curves (FORCs), we map the coercivity distributions and interactions of 32 chondrules from the Allende, Karoonda, and Bjurbole meteorites. Distinctly different distributions and interactions exist for the three meteorites. The coercivity distributions are lognormal shaped, with Bjurbole distributions being bimodal or trimodal. The highest-coercivity mode in the Bjurbole chondrules is derived from tetrataenite, which interacts strongly with the lower-coercivity grains in a manner unlike that seen in terrestrial rocks. Such strong interactions have the potential to bias paleointensity estimates. Moreover, because a significant portion of the coercivity distributions for most of the chondrules is 〈10 mT, low-coercivity magnetic overprints are common. Therefore paleointensities based on the REM method, which rely on ratios of the natural remanent magnetization (NRM) to the saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) without magnetic cleaning, will probably be biased. The paleointensity bias is found to be about an order of magnitude for most chondrules with low-coercivity overprints. Paleointensity estimates based on a method we call REMc, which uses NRM/IRM ratios after magnetic cleaning, avoid this overprinting bias. Allende chondrules, which are the most pristine and possibly record the paleofield of the early solar system, have a mean REMc paleointensity of 10.4 μT. Karoonda and Bjurbole chondrules, which have experienced some thermal alteration, have REMc paleointensities of 4.6 and 3.2 μT, respectively.
    Description: NSF and INGV
    Description: Published
    Description: B03S90
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: paleomagnetism coercivity ; paleointensity ; magnetic interactions ; meteorite ; Chondrules ; FORC diagrams ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.01. Interplanetary physics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric Method of Determining Solvent Content of Dewaxing Mixes (1952)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 24 (1952), S. 1620-1622 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60070a029
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    para -Hydroxybenzaldehyde in Human Viscera (1963)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 198 (1963), S. 793-794 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A woman of 28, previously healthy for some years, was taken ill with vomiting, went into coma after 5 days, was then admitted to hospital and died about 24 h later. It was known that she may have taken aspirin and in hospital she was given 'Coramine' (nikethamide) and 'Distaquaine' (procaine ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/198793a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermometer Scales (1875)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 11 (1875), S. 427-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE thermometric scale referred to by Mr. T. Southwell (NATURE, vol. xi. p. 286) was, I believe, ore used and invented by Fowler, in which o = 55° Fahr., 75 above = 102° Fahr., and 80 below = + 5° Fahr. The above equivalents are only approximately given. For full desciiption, &c, see ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/011427b0
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  • 5
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    History of the American Museum of Natural History meteorite collection (2007)
    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 256: 267-289.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-08
    Description: The core meteorite collection of the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), New York, including the massive Cape York and Willamette irons, dates from the three decades ending in 1905. Acquisition of new meteorites was steady into the 1970s, and accelerated in the latter 20th century. Institutional and philanthropic support, coupled with the focus, energy and vision of a succession of curators, have been central to building the collection, exhibiting meteorites, educating the public and participating at the cutting edge of meteoritical science. Efforts to describe and classify, characteristic of the pre-war period, evolved into detailed chemical investigations. Recent science seeks to find underlying processes unifying disparate meteorite groups in a coherent story of the early solar system and planet formation. ... This 250-word extract was created in the absence of an abstract.
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  • 6
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    Best practices for the use of meteorite names in publications (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract This document contains suggestions for best practices by authors who refer to meteorites in publications. It can also be taken as a guide for publishers in establishing guidelines for authors. The following best practices are recommended in addition to acknowledging the loaning institution or loaning individual (unless required otherwise). The main motivations are to: help ensure that research on meteorites is reproducible, prevent confusion in the literature, and enhance tracking of specimens and related data.
    Print ISSN: 1086-9379
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-5100
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 7
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    Mass Loading the Earth's Dayside Magnetopause Boundary Layer and Its Effect on Magnetic Reconnection (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract When the interplanetary magnetic field is northward for a period of time, O+ from the high‐latitude ionosphere escapes along reconnected magnetic field lines into the dayside magnetopause boundary layer. Dual‐lobe reconnection closes these field lines, which traps O+ and mass loads the boundary layer. This O+ is an additional source of magnetospheric plasma that interacts with magnetosheath plasma through magnetic reconnection. This mass loading and interaction is illustrated through analysis of a magnetopause crossing by the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft. While in the O+‐rich boundary layer, the interplanetary magnetic field turns southward. As the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft cross the high‐shear magnetopause, reconnection signatures are observed. While the reconnection rate is likely reduced by the mass loading, reconnection is not suppressed at the magnetopause. The high‐latitude dayside ionosphere is therefore a source of magnetospheric ions that contributes often to transient reduction in the reconnection rate at the dayside magnetopause.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
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    Sulfur in Extraterrestrial Bodies and the Deep Earth (2011)
    Mineralogical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-01
    Description: This chapter reviews the origin and fate of sulfur (S) in silicate melts in the solar system, experiments bearing on the role of S in element partitioning among melts and solids in planets, and finally our current understanding of silicate melts and the role of sulfur in planetary evolution. Sulfur is an important component of undifferentiated meteorites that are precursors to planets. When planetary bodies differentiated into cores and mantles, metal and/or sulfides were removed from silicates. This process can be traced. Then, iron-sulfide cores differentiated into metal and metal-sulfide fractions, some of which are preserved as iron meteorites. The iron meteorites probably fractionated from silicate mantles at much lower pressures than the cores of Earth or Mars. Understanding the role of sulfur in silicate melts is critical to unraveling the history of Earth, the terrestrial planets, and the differentiated asteroids that were once parts of early planetesimals. COSMOCHEMISTRY OF SULFUR Silicate melts and sulfur in primitive source materials Primitive extraterrestrial samples available for laboratory study include 1–20 µm cometary grains collected by the United States’ (NASA) Stardust mission, asteroidal material collected by the Japanese (JAXA) Hyabusa mission, interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) collected from the stratosphere by airplanes, micrometeorites from various collection sites, and meteorites that fall to Earth and are recovered. Sources of primitive meteorites are parent bodies, primarily asteroids, that did not differentiate into silicate mantles and metal-rich cores. The oldest dated solar system rocks are not bulk meteorites, but are the high-temperature, melted components of undifferentiated meteorites, which are a kind of cosmic sedimentary rock. These "chondritic" meteorites are slightly younger than the components that accreted to form them. They have atomic ratios of rock-forming elements (e.g., Fe/Si) that are very similar to those measured in the solar photosphere using spectroscopy. The "primitive" nature of meteorites is established by their radiometric ages, and their lack of aqueous and...
    Print ISSN: 1529-6466
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2666
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of America
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  • 9
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    Location of intense electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave events relative to the plasmapause: Van Allen Probes observations (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-19
    Description: We have studied the spatial location relative to the plasmapause (PP) of the most intense electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves observed on Van Allen Probes A and B during their first full precession in local time. Most of these waves occurred over an L range of from -1 to +2 R E relative to the PP. Very few events occurred only within 0.1 R E of the PP, and events with a width in L of 〈 0.2 R E occurred both inside and outside the PP. Wave occurrence was always associated with high densities of ring current ions; plasma density gradients or enhancements were associated with some events but were not dominant factors in determining the sites of wave generation. Storm main and recovery phase events in the dusk sector were often inside the PP, and dayside events during quiet times and compressions of the magnetosphere were more evenly distributed both inside and outside the PP. Superposed epoch analyses of the dependence of wave onset on solar wind dynamic pressure (Psw), the SME (SuperMAG auroral electrojet) index, and the SYM/H index showed that substorm injections and solar wind compressions were temporally closely associated with EMIC wave onset, but to an extent that varied with frequency band, MLT, and storm phase, and location relative to the PP. The fact that increases in SME and Psw were less strongly correlated with events at the PP than with other events might suggest that the occurrence of those events was affected by the density gradient.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
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    Ring/Shell Ion Distributions at Geosynchronous Orbit (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-09
    Description: One year's worth of plasma observations from geosynchronous orbit is examined for ion distributions that may simultaneously be subject to the ion Bernstein (IB) instability (generating fast magnetosonic waves) and the Alfvén cyclotron (AC) instability (generating electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves). Confirming past analyses, distributions with robust ∂f p (v ⊥ )/∂v ⊥ 〉0 near v || =0, which we denote as “ring/shell” distributions, are commonly found primarily on the dayside of the magnetosphere. A new approach to high-fidelity representation of the observed ring/shell distribution functions in a form readily suited to both analytical moments calculation and linear dispersion analysis is presented, which allows statistical analysis of the ring/shell properties. The ring/shell temperature anisotropy is found to have a clear upper limit that depends on the parallel beta of the ring/shell ( ® ||r ) in a manner that is diagnostic of the operation of the AC instability. This upper limit is only reached in the post-noon events, which are primarily produced by the energy- and pitch-angle dependent magnetic drifts of substorm-injected ions. Further, it is primarily the leading edge of such injections, where the distribution is strongly ring-like, that the AC instability appears to be operating. By contrast, the ratio of the ring energy to the Alfvén energy remains well within the range 0.25-4.0 suitable for IB instability throughout essentially all of the events, except those that occur in denser cold plasma of the outer plasmasphere.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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