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  • 1
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    Defense in thrips: forbidding fruitiness of a lactone (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-15
    Description: Expulsion of anal fluid from the upturned abdomen was demonstrated to serve a defensive function in the thrips Bagnalliella yuccae. An allomone in the anal exudate was identified as gamma-decalactone, a fruity-smelling compound that repelled potential predators. Chemical defenses may contribute to the ability of thrips to maintain large aggregations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Howard, D F -- Blum, M S -- Fales, H M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 15;220(4594):335-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17732921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioral responses to an alkylpyrazine from the mandibular gland of the antWasmannia auropunctata (1982)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 29 (1982), S. 369-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die mandibularen Drüsen der AmeiseWasmannia auropunctata enthalten 2,5-dimethyl-3-isopentylpyrazin, eine Verbindung mit der andere gleich-artige Nestbewohner von gestorten Arbeitern herbeigelockt werden. Während einer aggressiven interspezifischen Begegnung kann die kleine Ameise das Alkylpyrazin als ein Abstossungsmittel benutzen und ihren Opponenten noch dazu mit ihrem wirkungsvollen giftigen Stich untauglich machen. Alkylpyrazine sind schon früher in Vertreten der Unterfamilien Ponerinæ, Formicinæ und Dolichoderinæ gefunden worden, jedoch ist dies der erste Bericht über Alkylpyrazine in den mandibularen Drüsen einer Art der Myrmicinæ.
    Notes: Summary Mandibular glands of the ant,Wasmannia auropunctata, contain 2,5-dimethyl-3-isopentylpyrazine, a compound which attracts nestmates to disturbed workers. During interspecific aggressive encounters, this small ant may utilize the alkylpyrazine as a repellent as well as disabling opponents with its potent sting venom. Alkylpyrazines have been previously identified as cephalic products from ants of the subfamilies Ponerinæ, Formicinæ, and Dolichoderinæ but this is the first report of an alkylpyrazine from the mandibular glands of a member of the Myrmicinæ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02228764
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anthraquinones and anthrones: Occurrence and defensive function in a Chrysomelid Beetle (1982)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 69 (1982), S. 91-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00441232
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemistry of cephalic secretion of fire beeTrigona (Oxytrigona) tataira (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 451-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Fire bee ; Trigona (Oxytrigona) tataira ; Hymenoptera ; Apidae ; mandibular gland secretion ; enediones ; monoketones ; carboxylic esters ; hydrocarbons ; E-3-hepten-2,5-dione ; E-3-nonen-2,5-dione
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Analysis of the volatile compounds derived from cephalic glands of the fire beeTrigona (Oxytrigona) tataira by GC-MS was undertaken. The following compounds were readily identified: hydrocarbons:n-C11H24,n-C13H28,n-C14H30,n-C15H32,n-C17H36,n-C23H48,n-C15H30,n-C17H34,n-C21 H42, andn-C23H46; carboxylic acids: palmitic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid; carboxylic esters: dodecyl acetate, tetradecyl acetate, hexadecyl acetate, octadecyl acetate, and dodecyl decanoate; monoketones: 5-hepten-2-one, 3-hepten-2-one, 2-heptanone, and 5-nonen-2-one. Two major components of the mixture were identified asE-hepten-2,5-dione andE-3-nonen-2,5-dione. Structures of these novel compounds were suggested by their GC-MS behavior and the GC-MS behavior of their dimethoximes and proved by comparison with authentic synthetic samples. Trace amounts of the corresponding Z isomers and the saturated analogs, heptan-2,5-dione and nonan-2,5-dione, were also found. The possible functions of these glandular constituents are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988091
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nest plundering allomones of the fire beeTrigona (Oxytrigona) mellicolor (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 495-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Fire bee ; Trigona (Oxtrigona) mellicolor ; Trigona (Oxtrigona) tataira ; honeybee ; Apis mellifera ; Hymenoptera ; Apidae ; mandibular gland secretion ; allomone ; nest plundering ; diketones ; (E)-3-heptene-2,5-dione ; (E)-3-nonene-2,5-dione
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Ten volatile compounds derived from the cephalic glands of the fire beeTrigona (Oxytrigona)mellicolor were bioassayed for possible allomonal activities facilitating nest plundering. Two diketones, (E)-3-heptene-2,5-dione and (E)-3-nonene-2,5-dione, caused the honeybeeApis mellifera to display avoidance behavior and reduced defensive behavior. These diketones are produced in relatively large quantities in fire-bee cephalic glands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01013901
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defensive adaptations of eggs and adults ofGastrophysa cyanea (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 453-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Defensive secretions ; oleic acid ; hydrocarbons ; terpenoids ; eggs ; deterrents ; ants ; predation ; Chrysomelidae ; Coleoptera ; Gastrophysa cyanea ; reflex bleeding ; elytral glands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Egg clusters and adults ofGastrophysa cyanea are conspicuous and, like their larvae, are chemically protected. The eggs owe their bright yellow color primarily to β-carotene and, in addition, contain substantial quantities of oleic acid. At natural concentrations oleic acid effectively deters many species of ants from feeding. The use of fatty acids as deterrents against ants is discussed as a possible widespread phenomenon among insects. During defensive confrontations, adults ofG. cyanea exhibit avoidance behavior and may also feign death. In addition, the adults may autohemmorhage or secrete a fluid from elytral or pronotal pores in response to traumatic stimuli. The secretions are effective against ants and contain a mixture of hydrocarbons as well as terpenoid components. The pattern of ontogenetic modification in the defensive chemical repertoire ofG. cyanea is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987793
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemistry and functions of exocrine secretions of the antsTapinoma melanocephalum and T. erraticum (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 253-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Tapinoma melanocephalum ; Tapinoma erraticum ; pygidial gland ; sternal gland ; actinidine ; chemistry ; attractant ; arrestant ; repellent ; alarm behavior ; cephalic extract ; Solenopsis geminata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Volatile constituents produced by ant workers belonging to the speciesTapinoma melanocephalum andT. erraticum have been analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The pygidial (=anal) gland secretion ofT. melanocephalum is fortified with 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one and actinidine (the mass spectrum of which is corrected in this paper). An unidentified compound was detected in cephalic extracts. The pygidial gland secretion ofT. erraticum was also dominated by 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, in addition to two isomers of iridodial, and iridomyrmecin. The sternal glands contained iridodial and C15-C20 hydrocarbons. Workers ofT. melanocephalum effectively utilize their pygidial gland secretions as an alarm-defense system during aggressive encounters with workers ofSolenopsis geminata. 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one is active as a releaser of alarm behavior, and actinidine is repellent to workers ofT. melanocephalum. Cephalic extracts possessed attractant and arrestant properties for workers of this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01025886
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  • 8
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    The Utility of Polarized Heliospheric Imaging for Space Weather Monitoring (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-16
    Description: A polarizing heliospheric imager is a critical next-generation tool for space weather monitoring and prediction. Heliospheric imagers can track coronal mass ejections (CMEs) as they cross the solar system, using sunlight scattered by electrons in the CME. This tracking has been demonstrated to improve the forecasting of impact probability and arrival time for Earth-directed CMEs. Polarized imaging allows locating CMEs in three dimensions (3-D) from a single vantage point. Recent advances in heliospheric imaging have demonstrated that a polarized imager is feasible with current component technology. Developing this technology to a high technology readiness level (TRL) is critical for space weather relevant imaging from either a near-Earth or deep-space mission. In this primarily technical review, we develop preliminary hardware requirements for a space-weather polarizing heliospheric imager system, and outline a two-step plan to flight-qualify and ultimately deploy the technology operationally on upcoming specific missions: either as an instrument on NOAA's DSCOVR follow-on near the Sun-Earth L1 Lagrange point, as a standalone constellation of smallsats in low Earth orbit (LEO), or as an instrument located at the Sun-Earth L5 Lagrange point. The critical first step is the demonstration of the technology, in either a science or prototype operational mission context.
    Print ISSN: 1539-4964
    Electronic ISSN: 1542-7390
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 9
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    Anthraquinones and anthrones: Occurrence and defensive function in a Chrysomelid Beetle (1982)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0028-1042
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1904
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Quiet Clean Short-haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE) preliminary under the wing flight propulsion system analysis report (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The preliminary design and installation of high bypass, geared turbofan engine with a composite nacelle forming the propulsion system for a short haul passenger aircraft are described. The technology required for externally blown flap aircraft with under the wing (UTW) propulsion system installations for introduction into passenger service in the mid 1980's is included. The design, fabrication, and testing of this UTW experimental engine containing the required technology items for low noise, fuel economy, with composite structure for reduced weight and digital engine control are provided.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: NASA-CR-134868 , R75AEG349
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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