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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence that size-selective mortality affects growth of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) in the southern Gulf of St Lawrence (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 41 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effects of size-selective fishing mortality on the growth of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhuu L.) in the southern Gulf of St Lawrence were investigated and compared between: (1) a period when fishing mortality was relatively high, growth was relatively rapid, and abundance low (1967–1972 year classes): and (2) a period when fishing mortality was lower, growth was slow, and density high (1977–1982 year classes). Cod first entered the fishery at age 3 during both periods. The 1967–1972 year classes (fast growing) were fully recruited to the fishery by age 5 or 6 and the fishery removed over twice as many fish from the lower than upper quartiles of length-at-age distributions for cod 4 to 10 years old (disproportionately high exploitation of slow-growing fish). In contrast. the 1977–1982 year classes (slow growing) did not fully recruit to the fishery until age 9 or 10 and the fishery removed four times as many fish from the upper than lower quartiles of the length-at-age distributions for 4- to 10-year-old cod (disproportionately high exploitation of fast-growing fish). The reduced mean lengths-at-age of the 1977–1982 year classes compared with the 1967–I972 year-classes is consistent with the different patterns of exploitation of fast- and slow-growing fish for the two periods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1992.tb03168.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diet of Atlantic cod in the southern Gulf of St Lawrence as an index of ecosystem change, 1959–2000 (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 60 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Major temporal changes in the importance of euphausiids and Atlantic herring Clupea harengus in the diet of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, 10–75 cm LF, occurred in shallow waters (〈100 m depths) of the southern Gulf of St Lawrence between 1959 and 2000. Euphausiids represented 6–70% of prey mass for Atlantic cod 31–60 cm LF from 1959 to 1987 but only trace amounts were detected in stomachs collected from 1990 to 2000. Mysids and gammarid amphipods (for Atlantic cod ≤45 cm LF), and Atlantic herring (for Atlantic cod 〉45 cm LF) largely replaced euphausiids in the Atlantic cod diets from 1990 to 2000. This diet change suggested there has been a major perturbation of the food web of the southern Gulf of St Lawrence. The importance of fishes (mostly Atlantic herring) in the diet of Atlantic cod 〉45 cm LF increased significantly between the periods 1959–1980 and 1987–2000. Atlantic herring comprised 0–4% (mean 1.3%) of prey mass of Atlantic cod 46–60 cm LF from 1959 to 1980 and increased to 2–42% (mean 19.6%) of the diet from 1987 to 2000. Atlantic herring comprised 0–25% (mean 9.4%) of the prey mass of Atlantic cod 61–75 cm LF from 1959 to 1980 and increased to 42–81% (mean 54.2%) of prey mass from 1987 to 2000. This increased consumption of Atlantic herring was consistent with observed changes in abundance of Atlantic herring in the ecosystem between the late 1970s and 2000. The large changes in consumption of euphausiids and Atlantic herring represent highly significant changes and would need to be included in the development and interpretation of ecosystem-based management models for this ecosystem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb02417.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal changes of thyroid hormones in field-collected Atlantic cod in relation to condition indices, water temperature and photoperiod (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 57 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Serum T4 and T3 in wild Atlantic cod Gadus morhua ranged from 1 to 12 ng ml−1 and from 2 to 27 ng ml−1 respectively over a 3-year period. In general, the concentrations increased from summer (T3) or early autumn (T4) to maxima in mid-winter and declined abruptly during spring. The T4/T3 monthly means were lowest in summer and highest in winter. The seasonal patterns of thyroid hormones were weakly correlated with changes in water temperature. However, both T4 and T3 co-varied simultaneously with photoperiod. In addition, T3 was correlated with the hepatosomatic index and condition factor during summer and autumn. It is suggested that the seasonal changes in the release of T4 from the thyroid were photoperioddriven, and that the course of T3 was regulated by the metabolic state of the fish during the somatic growth period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2000.tb00261.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peripheral-zone treatments for plum curculio management: validation in commercial apple orchards (1997)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 84 (1997), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: peripheral treatments ; border row treatments ; apple orchards ; plum curculio ; Conotrachelus nenuphar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Peripheral applications of organophosphate insecticides were evaluated as an alternative strategy for controlling adult plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar Herbst (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in four commercial orchards in Quebec, Canada. Each orchard was partitioned into a reference and an experimental plot to compare the classical full plot treatment with a peripheral treatment alternative. The experimental plots were divided into five zones, i.e. central, North, South, West and East. Peripheral zones were defined as the first five rows of apple trees (or 20 m wide). Plum curculio adults were monitored weekly by limb tapping. Fresh oviposition scars were evaluated by examining 20 fruitlets per tree on each outermost tree in the peripheral zone and 20 fruit on 25 trees in the central zone. Azinphosmethyl treatments were carried out in the zones where more than 1% fruitlets bore fresh ovipositional scars. Fruit damage was mostly (92%) found in the peripheral zones. Plum curculio damage at harvest varied from 0.0 to 0.7% and from 0.0 to 0.8% in the experimental and reference plots respectively. Total insect damage on fruit at harvest varied from 1.3 to 3.8% in the experimental plots, and from 0.4 to 5.0% in the reference plots. In 1991, there were no significant differences between population indices of the spotted tentiform leafminer, the apple aphid, leafroller species and cicadellids in the peripheral versus central zones. In the experimental plots, populations of woolly apple aphid, two-spotted spider mite and apple rust mite were significantly higher in peripheral zones than in the central zones. In 1992, there were no significant differences between population indices of peripheral versus central zones for both experimental and reference plots. All localities and years pooled, peripheral zones of experimental plots received 1.22 insecticide treatments, against 1.29 for reference plots. However, central zones of experimental plots received 0.38 insecticide treatments, against 1.13 for reference plots. Assuming a 20 m peripheral zone and a 10 ha square orchard, the percent reduction in insecticides would be ca. 75%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002983429041
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of plasma bupropion and its relationship to therapeutic effect (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 11 (1984), S. 629-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 0306-042X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An analytical method to determine the concentration of bupropion in human plasma has been developed using a deuterium-labeled analog as internal standard and selected ion monitoring applied to an extract of plasma samples taken as part of a clinical trial of this antidepressant. In all, 15 depressed outpatients were randomly assigned to bupropion in a double-blind study which included weekly evaluation of their clinical condition. A good correlation was found between the results obtained by this assay and by a radioimmunoassay technique currently in use. While no simple correlation between plasma concentration and therapeutic improvement was noted, the majority of subjects showed mild to marked amelioration of symptoms and those having mean concentrations above 35 ng ml-1 had significant improvement in their test scores. Interpretation of the mass spectra of both the labeled and unlabeled drug revealed an apparent violation of the ‘even-electron rule’.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200111207
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  • 6
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    Pertussis toxin selectively interferes with the responses of the HL-60 human promyelocytic cell line to dimethylsulfoxide (1991)
    American Society of Hematology
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-11-15
    Description: The effects of pertussis toxin (PT) on the growth and dimethylsulfoxide (Me2SO4)-induced differentiation of the HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cell line were tested. Cell growth was quantified by direct cell counts. Cell differentiation was estimated by measuring the expression of myeloid-specific cell-surface antigens (Mo-1 and fMet-Leu- Phe [fMLP] receptors), the ability of the cells to produce superoxide anions on stimulation with fMLP, the calcium ionophore A23187 and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and by monitoring the level of expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha). By itself, PT did not affect the proliferation of HL-60 cells in serum-containing medium. In contrast, PT (but not its B-oligomer) dose-dependently inhibited the Me2SO4-induced expression of Mo-1, fMLP receptors, and the oxidative responses to the chemotactic factor and to A23187, but not to PMA. The addition of Me2SO4 induced a significant increase in the steady-state levels of TNF alpha mRNA, and this effect was strongly inhibited by PT. Finally, the bacterial toxin did not reverse the block of cell division that follows the addition of Me2SO4. These results provide evidence for the involvement of a PT substrate (presumably a guanine nucleotide-binding protein) in the regulation of the maturation of the excitation-response coupling sequence in human myeloid cell precursors and show that the regulation of cell division and maturation of HL-60 cells are under distinct sets of control mechanisms.
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by American Society of Hematology
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  • 7
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    Pertussis toxin selectively interferes with the responses of the HL-60 human promyelocytic cell line to dimethylsulfoxide (1991)
    American Society of Hematology
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-11-15
    Description: The effects of pertussis toxin (PT) on the growth and dimethylsulfoxide (Me2SO4)-induced differentiation of the HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cell line were tested. Cell growth was quantified by direct cell counts. Cell differentiation was estimated by measuring the expression of myeloid-specific cell-surface antigens (Mo-1 and fMet-Leu- Phe [fMLP] receptors), the ability of the cells to produce superoxide anions on stimulation with fMLP, the calcium ionophore A23187 and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and by monitoring the level of expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha). By itself, PT did not affect the proliferation of HL-60 cells in serum-containing medium. In contrast, PT (but not its B-oligomer) dose-dependently inhibited the Me2SO4-induced expression of Mo-1, fMLP receptors, and the oxidative responses to the chemotactic factor and to A23187, but not to PMA. The addition of Me2SO4 induced a significant increase in the steady-state levels of TNF alpha mRNA, and this effect was strongly inhibited by PT. Finally, the bacterial toxin did not reverse the block of cell division that follows the addition of Me2SO4. These results provide evidence for the involvement of a PT substrate (presumably a guanine nucleotide-binding protein) in the regulation of the maturation of the excitation-response coupling sequence in human myeloid cell precursors and show that the regulation of cell division and maturation of HL-60 cells are under distinct sets of control mechanisms.
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by American Society of Hematology
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  • 8
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    Harvest control rules for stocks displaying dynamic production regimes (2007)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-05-01
    Description: Mohn, R. K., and Chouinard, G. A. 2007. Harvest control rules for stocks displaying dynamic production regimes. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 693–697. Several cod and haddock stocks in Atlantic Canada have undergone substantial changes in productivity. Regimes are defined as periods of relatively stable production separated by rapid transitions to a different level. These regimes are deconstructed into their dominant determinants of growth, survivorship, or recruitment. Using southern Gulf of St Lawrence cod and eastern Scotian Shelf haddock as case studies, regimes are identified based on production. Haddock display an almost threefold difference between productive and non-productive regimes, owing mainly to a change in reproductive output. Cod have a more complicated history, displaying three regimes, and a variation in production by a factor of approximately eight. The production data in each regime are identified and smoothed to show the underlying dependence on biomass. Finally, simple three-phase harvest control rules (having critical, cautious, and healthy zones) for distinct regimes are presented to illustrate the potential importance of regimes in resource management.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of International Council for the Exploration of the Sea.
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  • 9
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    Experimental results supporting the determination of service quality objectives for DBS systems (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A summary of the results of a joint United States and Canadian program on subjective measurements of the picture degradation caused by noise and interference on an NTSC encoded color television signal is given in this paper. The effects of system noise, cochannel and adjacent channel interference, and both single entry and aggregate as well as a combination of these types of interference were subjectively evaluated by expert and nonexpert viewers under reference conditions. These results were used to develop the rationale used at RARC '83 to establish the service quality objective for planning the DBS service for the American continents.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
    Type: IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications (ISSN 0733-8716); SAC-3; 87-99
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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