ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

1

Electronic Resource

Estimating number and field size distribution in frontier sedimentary basins using a Pareto model (1994)

Chen, Zhuoheng ; Sinding-Larsen, Richard

Springer

Natural resources research 3 (1994), S. 91-95

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ISSN: 1573-8981

Keywords: Assessment method ; Field number and size distribution ; Frontier basin ; Okawango

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences

Notes: Abstract Estimating the number of deposits likely to be found and their size distribution is important in exploration planning. In a frontier basin the geologic information for conducting a resource assessment is mostly limited to the regional level. Some methods, such as the play analysis approach (Crovelli and Balay, 1986) and the conceptual play model (Lee and Wang, 1983), can be used in conceptual plays or frontier basins, but these methods require the knowledge of the number of prospects, pool data characterizing the conditional field size distribution, and information documenting the exploration risk. For unexplored sedimentary basins, such as those in southern Africa, there are neither sufficient data covering reservoir volumetric parameters nor a number of mapped prospects that can be used to conduct such an assessment. In such a case a volumetric method using geologic analogy is applicable, by which a point estimate of hydrocarbon potential can be estimated, but this estimate provides no information on the likely size distribution. As a complement to the volumetric method, we discuss how to use the empirical Pareto law for estimating the number of fields and their size distribution in such a frontier region.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02286434

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2

Electronic Resource

Discovery process modeling—A sensitivity study (1994)

Chen, Zhuoheng ; Sinding-Larsen, Richard

Springer

Natural resources research 3 (1994), S. 295-303

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ISSN: 1573-8981

Keywords: Lognormal discovery process model ; Discovery efficiency ; Exploration maturity ; Shape of parent population

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences

Notes: Abstract Lognormal discovery process modeling characterizes oil and gas discovery as sampling from a lognormal parent distribution with probability proportional to size and without replacement. In this article, we present a sensitivity study that is based on simulated discovery sequences with different assumptions regarding discovery efficiency, exploration status, and the shape of the parent field size distribution. The results indicate that lognormal discovery process modeling provides good overall estimates of the lognormal parameters if the parent field size distribution is lognormal. If the parent field size distribution is Pareto, an underestimation of the play potential may occur if a lognormal discovery process model is applied. Failure of the likelihood value converging to a maximum is more frequent when sample size is small and/or discovery efficiency is low.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02256888

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3

Electronic Resource

Estimating Petroleum Resources Using Geo-Anchored Method--A Sensitivity Study (1999)

Chen, Zhuoheng ; Sinding-Larsen, Richard

Springer

Natural resources research 8 (1999), S. 49-58

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ISSN: 1573-8981

Keywords: Resource assessment ; anchored method ; Geo-anchored method ; Horvitz–Thompson estimator ; sensitivity test ; simulation

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences

Notes: Abstract The Geo-anchored method, based on a moment-type estimator, has been developed for estimating parent population properties from a successive sample of discoveries. By substituting the expectation of the waiting time z (n+1) of the (n + 1) th discovery to occurrence for an unknown parameter λ in the anchored method, the Geo-anchored method allows estimation of inclusion probabilities directly from observed data, thus eliminating the need for a priori selection of a value of N, R, or some other feature of the parent population. Because direct estimation of N and R requires an ordered sample, the Geo-anchored method is more sensitive to the data-generating process than the anchored method. This paper presents a sensitivity study on the Geo-anchored method. The test is based on simulated discovery sequences with different assumptions regarding discovery efficiency, exploration maturity, and the shape of the parent field size distribution. As a reference for comparison, estimates from the Horvitz–Thompson estimator also are presented.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021681611558

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4

Electronic Resource

A Pool-Based Model of the Spatial Distribution of Undiscovered Petroleum Resoufrces (2000)

Gao, Haiyu ; Chen, Zhuoheng ; Osadetz, Kirk G. ; [et al.]

Springer

Mathematical geology 32 (2000), S. 725-749

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ISSN: 1573-8868

Keywords: object-based model ; stochastic modeling ; resource assessment ; Hastings algorithm ; convergence rate ; entropy

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics

Notes: Abstract An approach is proposed to predict the spatial distributions of undiscovered petroleum resources. Each pool is parameterized as a marked-point. The independence chain of the Hastings algorithm is used to generate an appropriate structure for pool combinations in a play. Petroleum-bearing favorability estimated from geological observations is used to represent the sampling probabilities of pool locations. An objective function measuring the distance between characteristics of the realization and constraints is constructed from both the pool size distribution and entropy maximum criterion, in which the entropy criterion places all undiscovered pools in the most favorable positions. The geometrical convergence property of the proposed Hastings algorithm is presented. The method is illustrated by a case study from the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007594423172

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Differences and Correlations between Conventional and Unconventional Oil/gas Reservoirs and Unified Genetic Classification (2020)

Pang, Xiongqi ; Shao, Xinhe ; Chen, Zhuoheng ; [et al.]

PANGAEA

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Publication Date: 2024-04-20

Description: The discovery and large-scale exploration of deep basin oil/gas resources since 1980s have been considered as the most important advancement in the history of petroleum geology. It has not only changed the balance of supply and demand in the global energy market, but also improved our understanding of the formation mechanisms and distribution characteristics of oil/gas reservoirs. However, misconceptions widely exist in studies of different types of petroleum accumulations because of the lack of a unified genetic classification. Unconventional reservoir has been used in the literature as a general name for various oil/gas reservoirs that are formed under complex dynamic mechanisms as long as buoyancy is not the major controlling factor. On the other hand, different terms have been given to the reservoirs even with the same formation mechanism. This paper studies the progress of unconventional oil/gas exploration in North America in the past 30 years, analyzes the drilling results of 80762 reservoir layers from 12237 exploration wells in six representative basins in China and the discovered 52,926 oil/gas reservoirs in 1,186 basins around the world, and reviews the classification schemes about oil/gas reservoirs by different scholars. It is found that there are five differences between conventional and unconventional reservoirs, including hydrocarbon composition, spatial relation with source rocks, reservoir lithology and quality, distribution in geological settings, and reservoir formation mechanism. Meanwhile，it is also found that there are five aspects of relevance among them, including petroleum source, distribution in strata within the same geological age, coexisting in sedimentary basins, in petroleum systems, and in target reservoir layers. A unified genetic classification scheme about conventional and unconventional oil/gas reservoirs was introduced based on clarifying their differences, correlations and formation mechanisms. All petroleum reservoirs are classified into 3 categories and 6 subcategories according to dynamic mechanisms of formation, reclassified into 15 types based on main controlling factors, and further divided into 49 styles considering their underground occurrences. The application results show that all different oil/gas reservoirs can find their corresponding positions in the classification scheme, and all the oil/gas reservoirs with the same genetic mechanism, major controlling factor and occurrence can find their particular position in this classification scheme.

Keywords: Binary Object; Binary Object (File Size); Binary Object (Media Type); China; Conventional and Unconventional Reservoirs; Fossil Energy; Hydrocarbon Accumulations; Nature Energy; Oil/gas Reservoirs Classification.; Petroleum Resources

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 12 data points

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Western Canada Sedimentary Basin petroleum systems: A working and evolving paradigm (2018)

Osadetz, Kirk G. ; Mort, Andrew ; Snowdon, Lloyd R. ; [et al.]

Society of Exploration Geophysicists

In: Interpretation. 2018; 6(2): SE63-SE98. Published 2018 May 01. doi: 10.1190/int-2017-0165.1.

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Publication Date: 2018-05-01

Description: Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) crude oil source rocks accumulated typically in “starved” depositional settings of Sloss outer detrital facies belts and lesser stratigraphic cycles. These produced petroleum from marine type II organic matter in response to burial by commonly westward-thickening overlying successions. Oil occurs commonly within the “Sloss” sequence containing its source rock, often up dip from the “petroleum kitchen.” Migration pathways cross stratal contacts, unconformities and structures, and much oil migrated into adjacent sequences, especially into Lower Cretaceous Mannville Group reservoirs. Anaerobic biodegradation affects oil quality and generates secondary biogenic gas. The WCSB oil system paradigm predates the recognition of anaerobic biodegradation. Biodegradation in post-Mannville reservoirs remains underappreciated. Natural gases originate by thermogenic and biogenic mechanisms from kerogens, coals, and crude oils. Gases are variably altered: physically, microbially, and inorganically. Few oil studies addressed solution and associated primary thermogenic or secondary biogenic gas. Gas studies are independent of oil studies and none recognize secondary biogenic gas even in association with biodegraded oils. We hypothesize that secondary biogenic gas occurs commonly, often mixed with other gas, to produce hydrocarbon isotope ratios and variations distinctive from primary biogenic and thermogenic gases. Where Mannville oil pools have sources in underlying marine rocks, Mannville gases are attributed largely to nonmarine sources. Currently, cross-stratal migration is inferred less commonly for gas than for oil. The inference of gas stratigraphic immobility is problematic for biodegradation studies that infer large secondary biogenic gas fluxes into soil and atmospheric sinks, the migration pathways of which pass through Cretaceous strata. In some unconventional plays, gas isotopic “rollover” and “reversal” due to thermal cracking has implications for reservoir performance. Efforts to understand Cordilleran petroleum systems merit investigation to extend unconventional resource plays westward from Interior Platform.

Print ISSN: 2324-8858

Electronic ISSN: 2324-8866

Topics: Geosciences

Published by Society of Exploration Geophysicists

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Toxic mercury pulses into late Permian terrestrial and marine environments (2020)

Grasby, Stephen E. ; Liu, Xiaojun ; Yin, Runsheng ; [et al.]

Geological Society of America

In: Geology. 2020; 48(8): 830-833. Published 2020 May 19. doi: 10.1130/g47295.1.

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Publication Date: 2020-05-19

Description: Large spikes in mercury (Hg) concentration are observed globally at the latest Permian extinction (LPE) horizon that are thought to be related to enhanced volcanic emissions of the Siberian Traps large igneous province (LIP). While forming an effective chemostratigraphic marker, it remains unclear whether such enhanced volcanic Hg emissions could have generated toxic conditions that contributed to extinction processes. To address this, we examined the nature of enhanced Hg emissions from the Siberian Traps LIP and the potential impact it may have had on global ecosystems during the LPE. Model results for a LIP eruption predict that pulses of Hg emissions to the atmosphere would have been orders of magnitude greater than normal background conditions. When deposited into world environments, this would have generated a series of toxic shocks, each lasting 〉1000 yr. Such repeated Hg loading events would have had severe impact across marine trophic levels, as well as been toxic to terrestrial plant and animal life. Such high Hg loading rates may help explain the co-occurrence of marine and terrestrial extinctions.

Print ISSN: 0091-7613

Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682

Topics: Geosciences