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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The occurrence of thiabendazole-resistant isolates of Polyscytalum pustulans and Helminthosporium solani on seed potato tubers in relation to fungicide treatment and storage (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 43 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Tubers infected with thiabendazole-sensitive isolates of Polyscytalum pustulans and Helminthosporium solani were treated annually for 4 years with benomyl, thiabendazole or a formulated mixture of thiabendazole and imazalil, and grown at three farms in Scotland. The proportion of thiabendazole-resistant isolates of H. solani increased, and isolates producing black colonies became more common with successive annual applications of thiabendazole or benomyl. Silver scurf was not reduced after three annual applications. When these fungicides were applied once to untreated seed the incidence of resistant isolates of H. solani was much less in 1988 than in 1991 when tubers had been grown on farms for 3 years from untreated seed.The proportion of resistant isolates of P. pustulans increased with the number of successive applications of thiabendazole or benomyl but at differing rates on each farm. At one farm, skin spot was not reduced by three annual applications of these fungicides whereas at the other farms it was reduced by 90–100% by four annual applications.A smaller proportion of resistant isolates of P. pustulans and H. solani was obtained after applying the mixture of thiabendazole and imazalil than after benomyl or thiabendazole alone. Their occurrence was not related to the number of fungicide applications. The mixture also reduced both diseases by more than 75% over the 4 years.At one farm where resistant isolates of H. solani were present, tubers were infected when stored on trays but not when stored in bags.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1994.tb01645.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resistance to thiabendazole in isolates of Polyscytalum pustulans (skin spot) and Fusarium solani var. coeruleum (dry rot) in Scotland (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 41 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Between 1988 and 1991, isolates of Polyscytalum pustulans were obtained from potato tubers grown in Scotland and tested for sensitivity to thiabendazole (TBZ) on agar. Sensitive isolates did not grow at 1 mg TBZ/1, whereas growth of resistant isolates was unaffected at 1 mg and reduced by 10–30% at 10 mg/1. Resistant isolates were present on all classes of seed potatoes, and were also recovered from the air of stores during grading. Isolates from a stock of seed tubers from Northern Ireland were resistant. All 44 isolates of Fusarium solani var. coeruleum collected in 1991 were sensitive to TBZ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1992.tb02460.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spread of Phoma exigua var. foveata to healthy potato plants (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 36 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Contamination of stem-cutting bait plants exposed at various locations in and around a potato crop was greatest within the crop, less outside it and least at a site c. 20 km from commercial crops. Within the crop about half the stem infection and tuber contamination detected had occurred before haulm destruction. The incidence of contamination on tubers of bait plants placed within the crop was similar to that on tubers from the surrounding plants. Phoma exigua var. foveata was recovered from green leaves sampled at intervals between June and early September. In one year contamination by P. exigua var. foveata of tubers sampled from healthy plants surrounding a diseased plot was greatest in samples adjacent to the plot and decreased progressively away from it. This pattern was less apparent in two other years. These results are discussed in relation to the spread of airborne inoculum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1987.tb02251.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenotypic and genotypic diversity of Phytophthora infestans populations in Scotland (1995–97) (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 52 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In a survey of Scottish potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans) populations from 1995 to 1997, nearly 500 isolates were collected from over 80 disease outbreaks in commercial potato crops and gardens/allotments. The isolates were characterized by mating type, resistance to the fungicide metalaxyl and almost 300 were examined by DNA-based AFLP fingerprinting. These data were examined alongside cropping details to determine the population structure in the context of existing disease management strategies. A1 and A2 mating type isolates were present in both commercial potato crops and gardens or allotments although they coexisted more frequently in the latter sites. One-fifth of the isolates collected were of the A2 mating type and the frequency was similar over the 3 years and amongst sites. In 1995 the proportions of isolates that were sensitive and resistant to metalaxyl were equal (∼40%) but, over the following 2 years, the frequency of resistant isolates decreased and that of intermediate isolates increased. The mating type response to metalaxyl differed markedly, with 52% of A1 and only 5% of A2 isolates being resistant. Considerable molecular diversity was observed, with over half of the isolates having unique AFLP patterns. Analysis of the molecular and phenotypic data revealed a broad clustering of the population into three groups. Many factors point to an A2 population restricted by its sensitivity to phenylamides. The majority of the A2 isolates were found in a single AFLP group, but the presence of mixed mating type samples, an increasing frequency of isolates of intermediate metalaxyl resistance and the extent of the AFLP diversity suggest occasional sexual recombination, and thus gene flow, between groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2003.00817.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of Colletotrichum coccodes and Helminthosporium solani in soils by bioassay (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 52 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The sensitivity of a bioassay in detecting soil inoculum of Colletotrichum coccodes and Helminthosporium solani was examined using potato minitubers and microplants. Tests were conducted on soils which were collected from fields in which the interval after a previous potato crop differed, and which were also artificially infested with conidia or microsclerotia. For C. coccodes, determining plant infection based on the occurrence of infected roots after 9–12 weeks was a sensitive method for detecting and quantifying the amount of inoculum in soil. Infestations of less than 0·4 microsclerotia per g soil were detected in artificially infested soils. A semiselective medium, developed for isolating C. gloeosporioides from pepper, detected soil infestations by C. coccodes as low as nine conidia or one microsclerotium per g soil in artificially infested soil. For H. solani, infection on minitubers was a sensitive measure, with soil inoculum of fewer than 10 conidia per g soil being detected. Soil infestation could be quantified by assessing the percentage surface area of minitubers covered by sporulating lesions, which was strongly related to the amount of soil infestation. The results of these bioassay tests were compared with published results for real-time quantitative PCR assays on the same soils. The two methods were in good agreement in artificially infested soils, but the bioassay appeared to be more sensitive with naturally infested soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2003.00794.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence of Polyscytalum pustulans, Phoma foveata and Fusarium solani var. coemleum in field soils in Scotland (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 39 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effectiveness of various methods for detecting three fungal potato pathogens was compared with artificially infested soil, naturally infested tuber-borne soil and field soil. In the spring of 1985 and 1986 field soils from 30 farms in north-east Scotland were sampled just before planting a seed potato crop and 6 months after harvesting such a crop. The minimum statutory gap between crops is 5 years. Polyscytalum pustulans was recovered from 32 out of 60 field soil samples taken 6 months after harvest while from fields sampled in the spring before a potato crop was planted the fungus was isolated from 10 out of 30 soils in 1985 and five out of 30 in 1986. Phoma foveata was isolated from only one out of 60 pre-planting soil samples but Fusarium solani var. coeruleum was recovered from eight of these soils.Microplant bait plants were grown over 3 years at an experimental farm near Edinburgh in various fields at different intervals after a previous potato crop. Contamination by P. pustulans was not related to interval after potatoes between 1 - 7 years. No contamination was recorded in fields where potatoes had not been grown for more than 30 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1990.tb02528.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of soil, seed-potato tuber and haulm in the transmission of Phoma foveata from infected seed to daughter tubers (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 40 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Infestation of ridge soil by Phoma foveata was examined over 4 years by collecting soil samples at various distances from seed tubers which were either naturally infected or inoculated with a distinctive strain. Samples were taken on four occasions during each growing season. Infestation was greatest immediately around the tuber and was largely confined to a distance of 15 cm until haulm destruction, after which P. foveata was detected more widely in the soil.The effects of various seed-tuber and haulm treatments on the incidence of daughter-tuber contamination by P. foveata were assessed over 5 years. Removing the infected seed tuber at emergence significantly (P 〈 0.05) reduced the contamination at haulm destruction of daughter tubers harvested by hand in only 1 out of 4years. In all years, tuber contamination was much less(P 〈 0.05) when stems were pulled and removed than when they were desiccated by applying diquat dibromide. The incidence of tuber contamination did not increase between haulm destruction and harvest when stems were pulled and removed. In another experiment, tuber contamination increased linearly with the delay in pulling haulms after applying diquat dibromide. Cutting and removal of stems tended to reduce gangrene contamination, relative to the desiccation of stems by applying diquat dibromide, in all years where the seed tuber had been removed, but in only 2 out of 5 years where the tuber was present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1991.tb02390.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The susceptibility of potato cultivars to gangrene in laboratory tests in relation to origin of tubers, damage, method of inoculation and test centre (1989)
    Springer
    Potato research 32 (1989), S. 301-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Phoma foveata Foister ; disease resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Undamaged and damaged tubers of 10 cultivars were inoculated withPhoma foveata by two methods at five test centres over three years. Damaging tubers before inoculation increased the discrimination between cultivars. While this increase was small with tubers rolled in cornmealsand cultures, it was often substantial with those dipped in a suspension of comminuted agar cultures. Correlations between centres for the four tests were significant (P〈0.05) and were highest for tubers inoculated with cornmeal-sand with or without damage. The gangrene scores of the cultivars in the four tests were correlated (P〈0.05) with their field susceptibility ratings but there was a strong interaction between cultivar reaction and year of test. When tubers grown in Cumbria and Midlothian were tested at one centre over two years, the gangrene scores were also correlated (P〈0.05).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357842
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Guidelines for evaluating disease resistance in potato cultivars. Foliage blight resistance (field test)Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary (1999)
    Springer
    Potato research 42 (1999), S. 107-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358397
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of new potato cultivars in Europe: a survey (2000)
    Springer
    Potato research 43 (2000), S. 97-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L. ; National List ; Recommended Trials ; growing crop ; tuber ; yield ; quality ; disease ; nematodes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In 1994, a postal questionnaire was sent to 41 institutes in 27 countries to obtain information on the national potato cultivar testing programmes in Europe. Responses were received from 19 countries. Foliage, tuber and yield characteristics were assessed in all countries but the number of sites and replicated varied considerably between the countries. Cooking and taste qualities were measured in most countries using relatively simple methods but processing characteristics were tested less commonly. Susceptibility to the most common diseases, i.e. late blight, common scab, leafroll and PVYo, was assessed in over 75% of the countries while resistance to another 21 disease and 4 potato cyst nematode pathotypes was assessed by various countries, depending on their national importance. Many of the assessments were based on records of natural infection although controlled inoculation tests were done more frequently for the more important diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357950
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