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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1972-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0040-4039
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-3581
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 108 (1975), S. 3210-3223 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Organic Peroxides, XXII. Synthesis and Thermolysis of 2-tert-Alkylperoxy-1,3-dioxolan-4-onesIn the reaction of α-acyloxyacid chlorides 1 with tert-butylhydroperoxide normal α-(acyloxy)-peroxycarboxylates 2 and/or 2-tert-butylperoxy-1,3-dioxolan-4-ones 3 are formed, strongly dependent on the structure of the acid chloride and on the reaction conditions. The formation of 3 by neighbouring group participation is favoured by large groups R1 and R2, small groups R3 and by the addition of a bulky organic base or by working without addition of base. β-Acetoxypivaloyl chloride is much less reactive than 1 and only normal β-(acetoxy)peroxypivalate is formed. α-Acetoxyisobutyryl chloride (1a) and α-acetoxypropionyl chloride (1r) react with SbCl5 in CH2Cl2 to give the crystalline 4-oxo-1,3-dioxolane-2-ylium hexachloroantimonates 9 and 10. β-Acetoxypivaloyl chloride forms under similar conditions 2,5,5-trimethyl-4-oxo-1,3-dioxane-2-ylium hexachloroantimonate (11). The compounds 3 are distinguished by an extreme thermal stability (3h t1/2 = 21.5 min at 180°C) and are useful high temperature initiators, particularly for cross linking reactions.
    Notes: In der Reaktion von α-Acyloxycarbonsäurechloriden 1 mit tert-Butylhydroperoxid entstehen, in Abhängigkeit von der Struktur und den Reaktionsbedingungen, die normalen α-(Acyloxy)peroxycarbonsäure- tert-butylester 2 und/oder durch Nachbargruppenbeteiligung 2-tert-Butylperoxy-1,3-dioxolan-4-one 3. Große Reste R1 und R2 und kleine Reste R3 fördern die Bildung von 3 ebenso wie die Verwendung sterisch anspruchsvoller organischer Basen oder die Umsetzung ohne Basenzusatz. β-Acetoxypivaloylchlorid ist wesentlich weniger reaktiv und bildet normalen β-(Acetoxy)peroxypivalinsäure-tert-butylester. Aus α-Acetoxyisobutyrylchlorid (1a) und O-Acetylmilchsäurechlorid (1r) entstehen mit SbCl5 in CH2Cl2 die kristallinen 4-Oxo-1,3-dioxolan-2-yliumhexachloroantimonate 9 und 10. β-Acetoxypivaloylchlorid bildet unter ähnlichen Bedingungen 2,5,5-Trimethyl-4-oxo-1,3-dioxan-2-ylium-hexachloroantimonat (11). Die Peroxide 3 gehören zu den stabilsten organischen Peroxiden (3h t1/2 =21.5 min bei 180°C). Sie eignen sich als Hochtemperaturinitiatoren, besonders für Vernetzungsreaktionen.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 108 (1975), S. 3224-3242 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Ambivalent Reactivity of α-Acyloxycarboxylic ChloridesThe reactions of α-acyloxycarboxylic chlorides 1 with alcohols, phenols, thiols, acetophenone oxime, dimethylcadmium, and diazomethane as nucleophiles were investigated in preparative scale and partially by n.m.r. spectroscopy. Strongly dependent on the structure of the acid chloride and on the reaction conditions, as e.g. the addition of base, normal acyl derivatives 3 and/or their ring tautomers 2 with a 1,3-dioxolan-4-one structure are formed. Qualitative kinetic experiments and the isolation of 4-oxo-1,3-dioxolane-4-ylium salts support the assumption, that the ring tautomers are generated by a SN1 substitution of the acid chlorides with neighbouring group participation by the α-acyloxy substituent. In the presence of pyridine this mechanism is suppressed, because the intermediate oxonium ions are scavenged preferentially by the base. Normal acylations via acylpyridinium salts are favoured therefore. Specific mechanistic aspects are discussed for all reactions.
    Notes: Die Reaktionen der α-Acyloxycarbonsäurechloride 1 mit Alkoholen, Phenolen, Thiolen, Acetophenonoxim, Dimethylcadmium und Diazomethan als nucleophilen Reaktionspartnern wurden präparativ und teilweise NMR-spektroskopisch untersucht. Es bilden sich, stark abhängig von der Struktur der Säurechloride und den Reaktionsbedingungen, insbesondere dem Zusatz von Base, die normalen Acylderivate 3 und/oder die Ringtautomeren-Derivate 2 mit 1,3-Dioxolan-4-on-Struktur. Qualitative kinetische Experimente und die Isolierung von 4-Oxo-1,3-dioxolan-2-ylium-Salzen stützen die Annahme, daß das Entstehen der Dioxolanonderivate durch eine unter Nachbargruppenbeteiligung der α-Acyloxygruppe verlaufende SN1-Substitution der Säurechloride selbst verursacht ist, die in Anwesenheit von Pyridin durch Abfangen der Oxonium-Zwischenstufe unterbunden wird. Die normale Acylierung über Acylpyridiniumsalze tritt dann in den Vordergrund. Besondere Gesichtspunkte der Reaktionsmechanismen aller Reaktionen werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990), S. 869-873 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Carbinols, configurational assignment of / 13C NMR, configurational assignment of carbinols by ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: syn or anti configuration1) can be assigned to hte diastereomers of the sec-butylcarbinols 3 by analysis of diagnostic differences in the 13C-NMR spectra. Likewise, the 13C-NMR shifts of the diastereotopic methyl groups in isopropylacarbinols of type 19 have been assigned.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990), S. 2387-2394 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Calculations, force-field ; Transition-state models ; Allylboration reaction ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The diastereoselectivity on addition of γ-substituted allylboronates to α-methylbutyraldehyde (9) did not depend on the size of the substitutent in the reagent, but only on its location in the Z or E position. This finding required a reinterpretation of the reasons for the attendant reversal in diastereoselectivity. New hypotheses are presented based on force-field calculations on model structures for the transition states.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990), S. 2395-2401 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Allylboration reaction ; Asymmetric induction ; Calculations, force-field ; Transition-state models ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The direction (Cram/anti-Cram) and the extent of asymmetric induction on addition of crotylboronates to a range of chiral aldehydes was investigated. A reversal in the sense of the asymmetric induction on changing from the Z- to the E-crotylboronate was found for aldehydes having polar α substituents and for some of the nonpolar chiral aldehydes. Forcefield calculations on transition-state models reproduced these results in the majority of the cases investigated despite of unaccounted short comings of the method.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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