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  • 1
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    Does the size of subsamples taken from multispecies trawl catches affect estimates of catch composition and abundance? (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/15169 | 403 | 2014-05-29 07:27:36 | 15169 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: Although subsampling is a common method for describing thecomposition of large and diverse trawl catches, the accuracy of these techniques is often unknown. We determinedthe sampling errors generated from estimating the percentage of the total number of species recorded in catches, as well as the abundance of each species, at each increase in the proportion of the sorted catch. We completely partitioned twenty prawn trawl catches from tropical northern Australia into subsamples of about 10 kg each. All subsamples were then sorted, and species numbers recorded. Catch weights ranged from 71 to 445 kg, and the number of fish species in trawls ranged from 60 to 138, and invertebrate species from 18 to 63. Almost 70% of thespecies recorded in catches were “rare” in subsamples (less than one individual per 10 kg subsample or less than one inevery 389 individuals).A matrix was used to show the increase in the total number of species that were recorded in each catch as thepercentage of the sorted catch increased. Simulation modelling showed that sorting small subsamples (about 10% ofcatch weights) identified about 50% of the total number of species caught in a trawl. Larger subsamples (50% of catchweight on average) identified about 80% of the total species caught in a trawl.The accuracy of estimating the abundance of each species also increased with increasing subsample size. For the “rare” species, sampling error was around 80% after sorting 10% of catch weight and was just less than 50% after40% of catch weight had been sorted. For the “abundant” species (five or more individuals per 10 kg subsample or five or more in every 389 individuals), sampling error was around 25% after sorting 10% of catch weight, but was reduced to around 10% after 40% of catch weight had been sorted.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 790-799
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  • 2
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    Sustainability of elasmobranchs caught as bycatch in a tropical prawn (shrimp) trawl fishery (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/15251 | 403 | 2014-05-30 21:13:33 | 15251 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: The bycatch of Australia’s northern prawn fishery (NPF) comprises 56 elasmobranch species (16 families). The impact of this fishery on the sustainability of these species has not been addressed. We obtained estimates of catch rates and the within-net survival of elasmobranchs. Carcharhinus tilstoni, C. dussumieri, Rhynchobatus djiddensis, and Himantura toshi represented 65% of the bycatch. For most species, 〉50% of individuals in the bycatch were immature, and some species recruited to the fishery at birth. For all species combined, 66% of individuals in the bycatch died in the trawl net.The relative sustainability of elasmobranchs caught as bycatch was examined by ranking species with respect to their susceptibility to capture and mortality due to prawn trawling and with respect to their capacity to recover once the population was depleted. The species that were least likely to be sustainable were four species of pristids, Dasyatis brevicaudata, and Himantura jenkinsii. These are bottom-associated batoids that feed on benthic organisms and are highly susceptible to capture in prawn trawls. The recovery capacity of these species was also low according to our criteria. Our results provide a valuable first step towards ensuring the sustainability of elasmobranchs that are caught as bycatch by highlighting species for management and research. The effectiveness of turtle excluder devices (TEDs) in reducing elasmobranch bycatch varied greatly among species but was generally not very effective because most of the captured species were small.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 800-821
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  • 3
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    Moving towards more responsible fishing practices in Australia’s northern prawn fishery (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakarn, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26240 | 17342 | 2019-02-13 05:54:37 | 26240 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Bycatch in Australia s Northern Prawn Fishery (NPF) is extremely diverse in both species and size composition. This makes developing responsible fishing practices to reduce the amount of bycatch in the NPF, a complex process. During this study we assessed the performance of Bycatch Reduction Devices (BRDs) that could be used in the NPF. We tested 16 different BRDs which can be grouped into one of 3 categories: (1) inclined grids (2) fish exclusion devices and (3) square-mesh codends. Four inclined grids were tested during our study. All the grids were extremely effective at excluding large animals such as sharks, stingrays and sea turtles. Three different fish exclusion devices were tested. Fish exclusion ranged between 0 and 39 percent, depending on the device. Prawn retention rates for both inclined grids and fish exclusion devices varied between devices. Two sizes of square-mesh codend (38 mm and 45 mm) were also tested. More than 95% of market-sized prawns were retained. Fish exclusion varied greatly between species. Optimum exclusion of bycatch for the NPF could be provided by a combination of devices from each of the three categories.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Sustainable fishing ; Sustainability ; By catch ; Shrimp fisheries ; Catch composition ; Commercial species ; By-catch excluder devices ; Discards ; Mesh selectivity ; Gear selectivity
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 356-370
    Format: 15
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of rate constants of reaction and lifetimes of singlet oxygen in solution by a flash photolysis technique (1973)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 95 (1973), S. 375-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00783a012
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intermediate-Temperature Stress Rupture of a Woven Hi-Nicalon, BN-Interphase, SiC-Matrix Composite in Air (2000)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 83 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Woven Hi-Nicalon™-reinforced melt-infiltrated SiC-matrix composites were tested under tensile stress-rupture conditions in air at intermediate temperatures. A comprehensive examination of the damage state and the fiber properties at failure was performed. Modal acoustic emission analysis was used to monitor damage during the experiment. Extensive microscopy of the composite fracture surfaces and the individual fiber fracture surfaces was used to determine the mechanisms leading to ultimate failure. The rupture properties of these composites were significantly worse than expected compared with the fiber properties under similar conditions. This was due to the oxidation of the BN interphase. Oxidation occurred through the matrix cracks that intersected the surface or edge of a tensile bar. These oxidation reactions resulted in strong bonding of the fibers to one another at regions of near fiber-to-fiber contact. It was found that two regimes for rupture exist for this material: a high-stress regime where rupture occurs at a fast rate and a low-stress regime where rupture occurs at a slower rate. For the high-stress regime, the matrix damage state consisted of through-thickness cracks. The average fracture strength of fibers that were pulled out (the final fibers to break before ultimate failure) was controlled by the slow-crack-growth rupture criterion in the literature for individual Hi-Nicalon fibers. For the low-stress regime, the matrix damage state consisted of microcracks which grew during the rupture test. The average fracture strength of fibers that were pulled out in this regime was the same as the average fracture strength of individual fibers pulled out in as-produced composites tested at room temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2000.tb01408.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diet and dentition in tropical ariid catfishes from Australia (1994)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 40 (1994), S. 159-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Gulf of Carpentaria ; Estuary ; Feeding guilds ; Ecology ; Coexistence ; Molluscs ; Polychaetes ; Ariidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis The diets of 13 species of ariid catfishes from the tropical waters of the Gulf of Carpentaria are described and compared. Fishes were collected from two estuaries and inshore and offshore marine areas. Up to 10 species have been recorded from a single estuary. Although all are carnivorous and consume a variety of prey, diet analyses and statistical ordination reveal three feeding guilds - piscivores, polychaete-eaters and molluscivores. The diets of most species are similar between sites. There are strong relationships between dietary guild and the size and arrangement of the palatine teeth. The piscivorous group of catfish (guild 1) have large mouths with relatively large multiple palatine tooth plates, either in a band or in a triangular pattern and armed with sharp recurved teeth. The primarily polychaete-feeding group (guild 2) have a variable mouth size but it is usually smaller than that of guild 1 fish; their palatine teeth plates are fewer and smaller, and they have small, sharp recurved teeth. Guild 3 eat mainly molluscs, and have a small mouth and large posteriorly situated palatine plates with globular, truncated teeth. Overlaps in diet between species are probably reduced by differential distribution patterns within estuaries and different habitat preferences. The mouth-width and tooth-plate arrangements of ariids in tropical Australia are suitable for dealing with broad classes of prey rather than specific items, conferring dietary flexibility. This probably optimizes the trade-off for most species between occupation of broad feeding niches and the ability to shift diet easily.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00002543
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analytical stress intensity solution for the stable Poisson loaded specimen (1993)
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 60 (1993), S. 209-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract An analytical calibration of the Stable Poisson Loaded (SPL) specimen is presented. The specimen configuration is similar to the ASTM E-561 compact-tension specimen with displacement controlled wedge loading used for R-curve determination. The crack mouth opening displacements (CMOD's) are produced by the diametral expansion of an axially compressed cylindrical pin located in the wake of a machined notch. Due to the unusual loading configuration, a three-dimensional finite element analysis was performed with gap elements simulating the contact between the pin and specimen. In this report, stress intensity factors, CMOD's, and crack displacement profiles, are reported for different crack lengths and different contacting conditions. It was concluded that the computed stress intensity factor decreases sharply with increasing crack length thus making the SPL specimen configuration attractive for fracture testing of brittle, high modulus materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012509
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  • 8
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    Determination of rate constants of reaction and lifetimes of singlet oxygen in solution by a flash photolysis technique (1973)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1973-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0002-7863
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5126
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society
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  • 9
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    Basin-scale Assessment of the Land Surface Water Budget in the NCEP Operational and Research NLDAS-2 Systems (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-13
    Description: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the components of the land surface water budget in the four land surface models (Noah, SAC, VIC, Mosaic) applied in the newly implemented NCEP operational and research versions of the North American Land Data Assimilation System version 2 (NLDAS-2). This work focuses on monthly and annual components of the water budget over twelve National Weather Service (NWS) River Forecast Centers (RFCs). Monthly gridded FLUXNET evapotranspiration (ET) from the Max-Planck Institute (MPI) of Germany, USGS total runoff (Q), changes in total water storage (dS/dt, derived as a residual by utilizing MPI ET and USGS Q in the water balance equation), and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) observed total water storage anomaly (TWSA) and change (TWSC) are used as reference datasets. Compared to these ET and Q benchmarks, Mosaic and SAC (Noah and VIC) in the operational NLDAS-2 overestimate (underestimate) mean annual reference ET and underestimate (overestimate) mean annual reference Q. The multi-model ensemble-mean (MME) is closer to the mean annual reference ET and Q. An anomaly correlation (AC) analysis shows good AC values for simulated monthly mean Q and dS/dt, but significantly smaller AC values for simulated ET. Upgraded versions of the models utilized in the research side of NLDAS-2 yield largely improved performance in the simulation of these mean annual and monthly water component diagnostics. These results demonstrate that the three intertwined efforts of improving 1) the scientific understanding of parameterization of land surface processes, 2) the spatial and temporal extent of systematic validation of land surface processes and 3) the engineering-oriented aspects such as parameter calibration and optimization are key to substantially improving product quality in various LDAS systems.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
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    LC–MS Proteomics Analysis of the Insulin/IGF-1-Deficient Caenorhabditis elegans daf-2(e1370) Mutant Reveals Extensive Restructuring of Intermediary Metabolism (2014)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-05
    Description: Journal of Proteome Research DOI: 10.1021/pr401081b
    Print ISSN: 1535-3893
    Electronic ISSN: 1535-3907
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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