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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osmoregulation in juvenile Rhabdosargus holubi (Steindachner) (Teleostei: Sparidae) (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 6 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Juvenile Rhabdosargus holubi (Steindachner), one of the commonest teleosts in south east African estuaries, are strong osmoregulators, showing little change in their internal osmotic concentration over an extremely wide salinity range. In 35‰ seawater the internal osmotic concentration is held at 370 mosmol/1. At a salinity of 1‰ the internal osmotic concentration falls to 216 mosmol/1 and at a salinity of 65‰ rises to 381 mosmol/1. When exposed to a new salinity the internal osmotic concentration does not change until after 10 h; this may be of considerable importance to fish living in areas subject to short term changes of salinity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1974.tb05122.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The population structure and growth of juvenile Rhabdosargus holubi (Steindachner) (Teleostei: Sparidae) in a closed estuary (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 6 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The population structure and growth rate of Rhabdosargus holubi (Steindachner) in the closed West Kleinemond estuary in south east Africa, from 1971–973, are described. Juvenile R. holubi invade the estuary at a length of 1–2 cm but migrate back to the sea at a length of about 14 cm without attaining maturity in the estuary. Adult R. holubi are rarely encountered in estuaries. The annual growth increment of O group R. holubi was 6 cm, almost all occurring in summer. The growth of Lithognathus lithognathus (Cuvier) was also measured in the same closed estuary and O group fish of this species also grew 6 cm per annum although 1 + fish grew 8 cm per annum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1974.tb04561.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature and salinity tolerance of juvenile Rhabdosargus holubi [Steindachner (Teleostei: Sparidae)] (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 5 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Temperature and salinity tolerances of juvenile Rhabdosargus holubi (Steindachner) were determined experimentally. Results indicated that they are tolerant over a wide range of salinities (0.7–70‰) and temperatures (10–30°C) and that little interaction between temperature and salinity occurs. R. holubi is restricted to the warm temperate waters of southeastern Africa. It is absent from the subtropical Indian Ocean and from temperate Atlantic Ocean waters. The juveniles occur mainly in the inshore waters and estuaries. Evidence from tolerance experiments and salinity and temperature data from southern African estuaries suggested that the distribution of R. holubi is controlled by temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1973.tb04492.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The biology of filter feeding teleosts in Lake St Lucia, Zululand (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 15 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The biology of filter feeding teleosts in St Lucia, was studied for two years from 1976 to 1978. The three common species, Gilchristella aestuarius, Hilsa kelee and Thryssa vitrirostris were studied with the composition and cyclical nature of the zooplankton which formed their food. Stolephorus commersonii and Hepsetia breviceps which were rare were only briefly examined. The zooplankton was dominated by the calanoid Pseudodiaptomus stuhlmanni which formed 〉 70 % of the calorific value of the zooplankton for 70 % of the study period. The mysid Mesopodopsis africana was second in importance in terms of calorific contribution while the amphipod Grandidierella lignorum was relatively abundant. Larval forms, particularly post-veligers of Assiminea bifasciata were also important. There was a close correlation between the zooplankton cycles, both diel and annual, and the feeding, reproduction and recruitment of the three common filter feeding teleosts. G. aestuarius spent its whole life-cycle in the system and spawned in early summer when the resulting juveniles could feed on the summer zooplankton peaks. They grew at 0.5 cm month−1 and attained maximum size in one year. They were non-selective taking mainly P. stuhlmanni and post-veligers. H. kelee spawned in the sea and juveniles were common in St Lucia during 1978 when they fed non-selectively, chiefly on P. stuhlmanning the summer before disappearing over the winter. The resulting offspring went through a sequence of dietary changes which were closely related to zooplankton cycles. The importance of P. stuhlmanni in the pelagic food web of St Lucia is illustrated. The species supports not only the filter feeding teleosts but indirectly the predatory fish Argyrosomus hololepidotus and Elops machnata which feed on G. aestuarius and T. vitrirostris.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1979.tb03571.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resource segregation among iliophagous fish in Lake St. Lucia, Zululand (1978)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 3 (1978), S. 293-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Mullet ; Milkfish ; Tilapia ; Feeding ; Competition ; Resource Segregation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis Sarotherodon mossambicus, Chanos chanos and 11 species of Mugilidae occur in Lake St. Lucia, Zululand. All are iliophagous and potential competitors. This investigation shows that although their diets overlap, competition is reduced by different feeding mechanisms which apparently result in the available food items being consumed in differing quantities. The diet of C. chanos consists chiefly of microfauna, that of Mugilidae microflora associated with sand grains and that of S. mossambicus, microflora associated with filamentous algae and benthic floc. Potential competition is also reduced because C. chanos reach peak numbers in summer whereas Mugilidae are more abundant in winter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00001455
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The life history of the tropical shad Tenualosa toli from Sarawak: first evidence of protandry in the Clupeiformes? (1996)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 46 (1996), S. 225-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Estuaries ; Ecology ; Hermaphroditism ; Diet ; Age ; Growth ; Distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis Sharp declines in catches prompted a detailed study of the commercially and culturally important ‘terubok’ Tenualosa toli, which lives in the fast-flowing, turbid estuaries and adjacent shallow coastal waters of Sarawak. Its reproduction, diet, age and growth were investigated. An absence of small females and large males, together with histological data showing transitional gonads, suggest that T. toli is a protandrous hermaphrodite. Ageing based on otoliths indicates that individuals may not live more than about two years. Male fish spawn towards the end of their first year, change sex (transitional gonads were recorded in fish from 14 to 31 cm SL) and spawn as females in their second year. Spawning takes place in the middle reaches of estuaries and females deposit all their eggs at once. Fecundity is linearly related to fish length but shows significant seasonal and site variations. Hermaphroditism is discussed in relation to possible environmental and isolating mechanisms. T. toli is a zooplanktivore eating mainly calanoid copepods. Laser-ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectroscopy of trace elements across otoliths revealed that the species does not move into full seawater or freshwater, but completes its life cycle in estuarine and adjacent coastal waters. Therefore T. toli populations in each estuary and adjacent coastal waters may be relatively isolated from one another, and hence particularly susceptible to overfishing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00004998
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The biology of the burrowing goby Croilia mossambica Smith (Teleostei, Gobiidae) (1977)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 1 (1977), S. 197-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Burrowing goby ; Coastal lakes ; Africa ; Discontinuous distribution ; Euryhaline ; Quiet waters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis Croilia mossambica, a burrowing goby endemic to the coastal lakes of south east Africa occurs from L. Poelela (salinity 8%.) to L. Sibaya (freshwater). Since these lakes are isolated from one another its distribution is discontinuous. It is not found in estuaries or the sea. In L. Sibaya C. mossambica is present on sheltered sides from a depth of 1 m to about 16 m. On exposed shores it is not found at less than 3.5 m depth. It is restricted to sandy, quiet water areas and is unable to form burrows where the substrate is disturbed by water movement, is muddy or consists of sand with a particle diameter greater than 0.5 mm. The maximum depth at which it lives is probably determined by light penetration since it is dependent on sight for prey capture. The food consists of slow moving benthic invertebrates such as chironomid larvae, gastropods, bivalves and amphipods. The relative importance of each depends upon its abundance. C. mossambica is a summer breeder with a protracted spawning season. The sticky eggs measure 0.7–0.8 mm when laid. Tolerance experiments show that it is euryhaline and can survive in seawater of 35%. and that its upper temperature limit is between 32 and 35°C. Temperatures in shallow waters of lakes and estuaries of the region frequently exceed 35°C. Thus its local distribution may be limited by temperature. Its lack of tolerance to high temperatures, to marked water movements and its ability to live in seawater indicates that C. mossambica is suited to life in the sea rather than in estuaries. It is suggested that it was present in quiet areas of the sea, such as lagoons, and that it invaded the coastal lakes which were formed as the estuaries and river valleys were inundated during the Pleistocene marine transgression. C. mossambica cannot tolerate estuarine conditions and with the present absence of quiet water in the sea off the south east African coast the species is now confined to deep coastal lakes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000411
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diet and dentition in tropical ariid catfishes from Australia (1994)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 40 (1994), S. 159-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Gulf of Carpentaria ; Estuary ; Feeding guilds ; Ecology ; Coexistence ; Molluscs ; Polychaetes ; Ariidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis The diets of 13 species of ariid catfishes from the tropical waters of the Gulf of Carpentaria are described and compared. Fishes were collected from two estuaries and inshore and offshore marine areas. Up to 10 species have been recorded from a single estuary. Although all are carnivorous and consume a variety of prey, diet analyses and statistical ordination reveal three feeding guilds - piscivores, polychaete-eaters and molluscivores. The diets of most species are similar between sites. There are strong relationships between dietary guild and the size and arrangement of the palatine teeth. The piscivorous group of catfish (guild 1) have large mouths with relatively large multiple palatine tooth plates, either in a band or in a triangular pattern and armed with sharp recurved teeth. The primarily polychaete-feeding group (guild 2) have a variable mouth size but it is usually smaller than that of guild 1 fish; their palatine teeth plates are fewer and smaller, and they have small, sharp recurved teeth. Guild 3 eat mainly molluscs, and have a small mouth and large posteriorly situated palatine plates with globular, truncated teeth. Overlaps in diet between species are probably reduced by differential distribution patterns within estuaries and different habitat preferences. The mouth-width and tooth-plate arrangements of ariids in tropical Australia are suitable for dealing with broad classes of prey rather than specific items, conferring dietary flexibility. This probably optimizes the trade-off for most species between occupation of broad feeding niches and the ability to shift diet easily.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00002543
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of the freshwater cichlid Sarotherodon mossambicus in estuarine systems (1979)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 4 (1979), S. 77-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Tilapia ; Fish ; Estuaries ; Habitat ; Salinity ; Water currents ; Competition ; Predation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis The distribution of Sarotherodon mossambicus in south east African estuaries is reviewed. It occurs commonly in closed estuaries and coastal lakes but is absent from open tidal estuaries. When a closed estuary opens to the sea the species usually retreats to the upper reaches. It is euryhaline and eurythermal and can feed on a wide variety of foods but experiments indicate that S. mossambicus avoids areas where current speeds exceed 370 m h−1. It is concluded that the distribution of S. mossambicus in estuarine systems is governed by an interplay of the following factors: salinity stability, water currents, suitable breeding sites, presence of marginal vegetation, marine competitors and marine piscivorous fish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00005931
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of zooplankton food resources on the morphology of the estuarine clupeid Gilchristella aestuarius (Gilchrist, 1914) (1981)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 6 (1981), S. 351-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Feeding ; Prey selection ; Zooplankton ; Isolated populations ; St. Lucia ; Natal ; Zululand ; Cape
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis The body shape of the estuarine clupeidGilchristella aestuarius from the St. Lucia system is different from that of the same species in other estuaries. The morphology ofG. aestuarius is discussed in relation to long term food availability in the St. Lucia system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00005764
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