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  • 1
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    Tropospheric sources of NO(x) - Lightning and biology (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Laboratory tests were performed to quantify the expected NO(x) production by lightning and biological processes. Attention was focused on energy deposition by lightning and the oxygen partial pressure of soil, and one-dimensional photochemical models were defined for the tropospheric distributions of NO and HNO3 for various NO source strengths. The Lightning Facility data were compared with air samples of N2O production gathered during over 2 yr of flights through storms. Soil NO(x) productions were studied in terms of nitrification processes involving Nitrosomonas europaea and Alcaligenes faecalis bacteria, which change ammonium to nitrite and release NO and N2O as byproducts. The results indicate that atmospheric NO(x) is generated at two tropospheric levels, with lightning and soil bacteria being significant contributors.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Atmospheric Environment (ISSN 0004-6981); 18; 9, 19
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  • 2
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    Cumulus cloud venting of mixed layer ozone (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Observations are presented which substantiate the hypothesis that significant vertical exchange of ozone and aerosols occurs between the mixed layer and the free troposphere during cumulus cloud convective activity. The experiments utilized the airborne Ultra-Violet Differential Absorption Lidar (UV-DIAL) system. This system provides simultaneous range resolved ozone concentration and aerosol backscatter profiles with high spatial resolution. Evening transects were obtained in the downwind area where the air mass had been advected. Space-height analyses for the evening flight show the cloud debris as patterns of ozone typically in excess of the ambient free tropospheric background. This ozone excess was approximately the value of the concentration difference between the mixed layer and free troposphere determined from independent vertical soundings made by another aircraft in the afternoon.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
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  • 3
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    The role of isoprene oxidation in the tropospheric ozone budget in the tropics (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A comprehensive chemical mechanism for the oxidation of isoprene (a hydrocarbon, C5H8 emitted primarily by vegetation) by OH and O3 in the troposphere was developed and incorporated into a one-dimensional steady-state photochemical model of the troposphere. Flux boundary conditions for NOx (NO + NO2), HNO3, O3, and CO were used to investigate the changes produced in the tropospheric concentrations and integrated column of ozone from including isoprene chemistry in the model. Two calculations were performed at 15 deg N latitude for annual conditions using identical flux boundary conditions for NOx, HNO3, O3, and CO; in one calculation, the chemistry describing isoprene oxidation was included while in the other it was not. Both sets of calculations included reactions describing the chemistry of anthropogenic nonmethane hydrocarbons. The calculations showed decreases in concentrations of ozone throughout the troposphere when isoprene chemistry was included. Concentrations of NOx and HNO3 increased in the lower troposphere and decreased in the upper troposphere while concentrations of CO and PAN increased throughout the troposphere when isoprene chemistry was included. Implications of this study to the budgets of these species in the tropics is discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 4
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    The oxidation of isoprene in the troposphere - Mechanism and model calculations (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Calculations have been performed for 15 deg N and 45 deg N latitude continental conditions using a one-dimensional, steady state photochemical model that incorporates a chemical mechanism describing the oxidation of isoprene by OH and O3 in the troposphere. At the higher latitude, anthropogenic hydrocarbon emission effects on NO(x) vertical profiles, as well as those of HNO3, overshadow isoprene emissions effects; at the lower latitude, reduced anthropogenic emissions and increased isoprene emissions respectively yield 26 and 4 percent increases in NO(x) and HNO3 column contents. It is suggested that a significant quantity of isoprene goes to the formation of longer carbon chain oxygenated organic species.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Atmospheric Environment (ISSN 0004-6981); 18; 12 1; 2723-274
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  • 5
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    Ab initio projected-unrestricted Hartree-Fock calculation of some potential energy curves for carbonyl fluoride (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Some potential energy curves for CF2O were calculated using projected-unrestricted Hartree-Fock (PUHF) theory. The calculations employed a contracted (4s 3p) Gaussian-type atomic orbital basis set. Bound states were found for the X-tilde 1A1 and 1,3A2 states while the 1,3B1 and 1,3B2 states were repulsive in the valence representation. The merits of the PUHF treatment for excited states are discussed. The results are discussed in terms of available experimental information and previous calculations with particular emphasis on the question of the photolysis channels open in the solar spectral region.
    Keywords: ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Chemical Physics; 73; Nov. 1
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  • 6
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    A diagnostic model for studying daytime urban air quality trends (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A single cell Eulerian photochemical air quality simulation model was developed and validated for selected days of the 1976 St. Louis Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) data sets; parameterizations of variables in the model and validation studies using the model are discussed. Good agreement was obtained between measured and modeled concentrations of NO, CO, and NO2 for all days simulated. The maximum concentration of O3 was also predicted well. Predicted species concentrations were relatively insensitive to small variations in CO and NOx emissions and to the concentrations of species which are entrained as the mixed layer rises.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: NASA-TP-1843 , L-14251
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    The photochemistry of anthropogenic nonmethane hydrocarbons in the troposphere (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A lumped, nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) chemical mechanism is presently applied to a one-dimensional photochemical model of the troposphere. The profiles of OH, HO2, NO(x), and HNO3, showed only slight changes when NMHC chemistry was added. The integrated column of peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN), when NMHC chemistry was included, comprised 17 percent of the odd nitrogen budget. Advection is noted as an important possible mechanism for the removal of PAN at midlatitudes. The inclusion of such intermediate lifetime species as aldehydes and olefins has both provided additional sources of short-lived NMHC radicals, such as the peroxyacetyl radical that is the radical precursor of PAN, and offered a more detailed description of the concentrations of short-lived species and the overall NMHC chemistry.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; Aug. 20
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  • 8
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    Cumulus cloud venting of mixed layer ozone (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Observations are presented which substantiate the hypothesis that significant vertical exchange of ozone and aerosols occurs between the mixed layer and the free troposphere during cumulus cloud convective activity. The experiments utilized the airborne Ultra-Violet Differential Absorption Lidar (UV-DIAL) system. This system provides simultaneous range resolved ozone concentration and aerosol backscatter profiles with high spatial resolution. Evening transects were obtained in the downwind area where the air mass had been advected. Space-height analyses for the evening flight show the cloud debris as patterns of ozone typically in excess of the ambient free tropospheric background. This ozone excess was approximately the value of the concentration difference between the mixed layer and free troposphere determined from independent vertical soundings made by another aircraft in the afternoon.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-87429 , NAS 1.15:87429 , PB85-144137 , EPA-600/D-84-299
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    NASA participation in the 1980 PEPE/NEROS project: Data archive (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Eight experimental air quality measurement systems were investigated during July and August 1980 as part of the EPA PEPE/NEROS fiel measurement program. Data from those efforts have been entered into an archive that may be accessed by other researchers. The data sets consists of airborne measurements of regional mixed layer heights and aerosol and ozone distributions as well as point measurements of meteorological parameters and ozone obtained during diurnal transitions in the planetary boundary layer. This report gives a discussion of each measurement system, a preliminary assessment of data quality, a description of the archive format for each data set, and a summary of several proposed scientific studies which will utilize these data.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: NASA-TM-83189 , NAS 1.15:83189
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  • 10
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    The chlorine budget of the troposphere (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: It has been hypothesized that chlorine compounds in the stratosphere could photodissociate and release atomic chlorine which catalytically destroys ozone. For an accurate assessment of the possibility of stratospheric ozone depletion, it will be necessary to know the chlorine budget of the entire atmosphere, including the troposphere and the stratosphere. Most chlorine species in the atmosphere are emitted at the surface and diffuse upward. Measurements involving chlorine are reviewed and photochemical calculations are discussed. It is found that between 0.1-1.0 ppbv of inorganic chlorine is present at the surface and about 0.02 ppbv (parts per billion by volume) at the tropopause. Most of the inorganic chlorine is believed to be in the form of HCl, and thus natural in origin. For organic chlorine the corresponding numbers are 1.9 ppbv and 1.7 ppbv, respectively. At the surface approximately 32% of the organic chlorine is natural and 68% anthropogenic.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Symposium on the Composition of the Nonurban Troposphere; May 25, 1982 - May 28, 1982; Williamsburg, VA
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