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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of kelp (Macrocystis integrifolia andEcklonia maxima) foliar applications on bean crop growth (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 117 (1989), S. 85-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: foliar spray ; kelp ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; phytohormone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In 1983 and 1984 field plot experiments were established to assess the effects of a foliar applied (2 or 4L ha−1×four applications per season) kelpMacrocystis integrifolia, concentrate on growth and nutrition of bean,Phaseolus vulgaris. A commerical kelp concentrate, prepared fromEcklonia maxima, was also used as a test comparison. In the first year a phytohormonal extract of theM. integrifolia concentrate, designed to extract the cytokinin, auxin and gibberellin phytohormones, was also applied to the crop to test the thesis that these phytohormones are active constitutents. In each of the two field seasons the kelp concentrates increased harvestable bean yields on average by 24%. The phytohormonal extract also increased yields, but was less effective than the kelp concentrate itself. Bioassay results demonstrated the presence of phytohormone-like substances in this crude extract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02206260
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The short-term effects of fresh kelp (Macrocystis integrifolia) on physical properties of a fine-textured soil (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 125 (1990), S. 293-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: kelp ; porosity ; soil-aeration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In a two year field investigation fresh kelp (M. integrifolia) was broadcast and incorporated into plots of silty clay loam soil in the lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia. The effects of this amendment on bulk density, particle density, total porosity and aeration (volume of pores occupied by air after a saturated core was allowed to freely drain for 12 h at a soil water potential of −0.60 m) were measured. Soil aeration was increased in the first year with 30 and 60 t ha-1 kelp application but decreased with the 120 t ha-1 application. This soil aeration effect did not persist into the second year. Soil bulk density, particle density and total porosity were not significantly affected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010669
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of kelp (Macrocystis integrifolia andEcklonia maxima) foliar applications on bean crop growth and nitrogen nutrition under varying soil moisture regimes (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 117 (1989), S. 75-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: cytokinin ; foliar spray ; kelp concentrates ; nitrogen nutrition ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; soil moisture stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A greenhouse experiment was designed to test the effects of two kelp(Macrocystis integrifolia andEcklonia maxima) concentrates, when prepared as foliar sprays, upon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) growth and N nutrition under three soil moisture regimes. Plant growth and developmental responses in this greenhouse experiment have demonstrated the effectiveness of the two kelp foliar sprays as plant growth regulating substances. Bean growth and developmental responses to the kelp foliar spray treatments were dependent upon the soil moisture regime to which they have been subjected. Although the two kelp foliar sprays had varying and sometimes contrasting effects on bean growth and N nutrition, which were dependent on the soil moisture treatment, their developmental effects upon the number of nodes, shoot/root ratio, leaf area ratio and specific leaf area were quite similar. A soybean callus bioassay demonstrated the presence of cytokinin-like substances and a callus growth antagonist in the kelp concentrate. Increasing dilution of the kelp concentrate disproportionately reduced the callus growth antagonist relative to the growth promoting or cytokinin-like activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02206259
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of kelp (Macrocystis integrifolia) on soil chemical properties and crop response (1988)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 105 (1988), S. 213-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: mineral nutrition ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; Pisum sativum ; salt stress ; seaweed ; soil organic amendment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In 1981 a two-year field plot experiment was established to assess the effects of quantities (0, 7.5, 15, 30, 60 and 120 t ha−1) of fresh kelp (Macrocystis integrifolia) on crop growth and nutritional response and chemical properties of a fine-textured soil. Soil was analyzed for NO3−N, NH4−N, electrical conductivity, pH, Cl and exchangeable cations (K, Mg, Ca, Mn and Na). The plots were planted to beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in the first year and peas (Pisum sativum) in the second year. Marketable bean yields increased in the first year with kelp applications up to 60 t ha−1, with yields, emergence and flowering being reduced by the 120 t ha−1 application. Soluble salts (EC) and Cl concentrations in the soil eight days after application increased linearly and sharply with increasing quantities of kelp. Increased K concentration and moisture content, characteristics of plants growing in a salt-stressed soil environment, were measured. A subsequent companion greenhouse experiment confirmed that the reduced bean emergence and growth with 120 t ha−1 applications of kelp were primarily due to soluble salts. The only growth effects upon peas in the second year was a slight reduction in leaf plus stem yields with increasing applications of kelp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02376785
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  • 5
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    Development and use of rapid reconnaissance soil inventories for reclamation of urban brownfields: A Vancouver, British Columbia, case study (2012)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-01
    Description: Iverson, M. A., Holmes, E. P. and Bomke, A. A. 2012. Development and use of rapid reconnaissance soil inventories for reclamation of urban brownfields: A Vancouver, British Columbia case study. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 191–201. As a result of suburban growth and abandonment and relocation of industrial facilities, vacant lots are becoming common in most urban centers in North America. These neglected, derelict, and often contaminated brownfields are receiving attention as a public liability since they are not productive and detract from the environmental quality of urban centres. Soils at these urban sites have been negatively impacted by anthropogenic activities. A prerequisite to effective reclamation is knowledge about the soil conditions on these sites. Most urban areas do not have soil survey or soil inventory information. Soil physical factors such as compaction are common problems at sites and are difficult and expensive to modify. A soil inventory provides the initial information for remediation and reclamation strategies that incorporate inherent soil properties. A soil inventory was conducted in Vancouver, British Columbia, by interpreting and extrapolating surficial geologic and regional soil survey information. The resulting soil inventory is presented as a series of topographical cross sections through the city, and displays information to stakeholders by reference to cultural features including street addresses. The soil inventory is compiled into soil management groups for general descriptions of the soil units and for initial recommendation for reclamation strategies.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 6
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    Soil and vegetation of ungrazed crested wheatgrass and native rangelands (2000)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-08-01
    Description: Seeding of introduced forage grasses, such as crested wheatgrass [Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. and A. desertorum (Fisch.) Schult.], can lead to the reduction of species diversity and soil quality. This study evaluated the effects of crested wheatgrass on soil and vegetation relative to native rangeland dominated by bluebunch wheatgrass [Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) Scribn. & Smith] under ungrazed conditions. Three sites consisting of adjacent ungrazed stands of crested wheatgrass and native vegetation were sampled in June 1997. Total plant cover was 37% on native and 24% on crested wheatgrass rangeland. Species richness was lower for crested wheatgrass than for native rangeland. Quantities of root biomass and most soil properties were similar for the two rangelands. Native rangeland had a more stable soil structure with 1.7 mm mean weight diameter (MWD) and 38% of soil aggregates in the 2–6 mm size fraction compared to 1.4 mm MWD and 28% of soil aggregate in the 2–6 mm size fraction on crested wheatgrass rangeland. Greater soil penetration resistance was observed at the 6 and 7.5 cm depths for crested wheatgrass rangeland. Crested wheatgrass did not invade adjacent native rangelands and only a slight reduction in soil quality was observed on crested wheatgrass rangelands. Key words: Crested wheatgrass, soil C, soil N, penetration resistance, aggregate stability, species diversity
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 7
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    Winter wheat growth and nitrogen demand in south coastal British Columbia (1994)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-11-01
    Description: Winter wheat, Triticum aestivum, is a new crop in south coastal British Columbia. The purposes of this study were to characterize plant development, dry matter accumulation and N uptake under low input and intensively managed systems as well as to assess the capability of some of the region’s soils to supply N to the crop. Grain yields, crop development and dry matter and N accumulation were similar to those reported from southern England. High amounts of winter rainfall (November–April precipitation ranged from 523 to 1111 mm) leach virtually all residual NO3 from south coastal B.C. soils and, without N fertilization, result in uniformly N deficient winter wheat. The low input N regime, 75 kg N ha−1 at Zadoks growth stage 31, plus soil N mineralized subsequent to the winter leaching period were sufficient in this study to maximize grain and total aboveground crop dry matter yields, but not to achieve adequate grain protein contents. The soils in the study were capable of supplying N in amounts sufficient to support only 30–53% of the maximum N uptake between growth stages 31 and 78. Appropriate quantities and timing of N are critical to successful production of high-yielding, good-quality wheat in south coastal British Columbia. Nitrogen management is likely to be most efficient when guided by the stage of crop development and demand and not by spring soil sampling and mineral N analysis. Key words: Winter wheat, N demand, soil N supply, crop development, intensive crop management, low input
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 8
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    Nitrification Inhibition by N-Serve and ATC in Soils of Varying Texture (1980)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0361-5995
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0661
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 9
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    RESPONSE OF AN ORCHARDGRASS-PERENNIAL RYEGRASS SWARD TO RATE AND METHOD OF UREA AND AMMONIUM NITRATE APPLICATION (1983)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-01
    Description: Urea and ammonium nitrate were applied at rates of 75, 150 and 300 kg N/ha as either a single application in April or split into three equal increments, one applied in April and the second and third following cuts one and two. The orchardgrass-perennial ryegrass sward responded significantly to applied N in each year; however, the yield produced by the two sources differed in only one of the three years. In that year split applied ammonium nitrate gave 8% higher yields than similarly applied urea. The sources were found to be equivalent when applied in the spring. Split application of the N rates increased total annual dry matter yields in one of the three years regardless of N source. In all three years split application of N shifted forage production from cut one to cuts two and three. Key words: N uptake, split N application, orchardgrass-perennial ryegrass sward
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 10
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    TILLAGE PRACTICES ON A NORTHERN CLAY SOIL: EFFECTS OF SOD BREAKING METHODS ON CROP PRODUCTION AND SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (1986)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-01
    Description: Crop production in northern regions is mainly affected by a short growing season, and can also be further limited on heavy-textured soils by cool, wet spring conditions. Selected sod breaking practices were carried out resulting in maximum differences with respect to sod burial and soil physical properties. Soil physical properties measured included bulk density, air-filled porosity, aggregate size distribution, surface roughness and soil temperature. The main effects of the different tillage systems were: (1) differences in soil structure in terms of density and air-filled porosity, and (2) differences in the degree of residue incorporation. Moldboard plowing resulted in more favorable aeration porosity and soil temperature in spring than chisel plowing or discing. Rotovating prior to either moldboard plowing or chisel plowing had only a minor effect on soil physical conditions. In general the more effective the tillage was in incorporating crop residue and thatch, the higher was the subsequent soil temperature during the first 5 wk of the growing season. The differences in crop production followed the same trend as did differences in soil structure. This effect persisted through the third cropping season. Increasing levels of fertilizer N increased barley yields in all tillage treatments but did not offset the effect of physical differences caused by the tillage implements. Key words: Northern soils, tillage, soil temperature, soil structure, fertilizer nitrogen, barley
    Print ISSN: 0008-4271
    Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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