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  • 1
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    Effect of mineral-organic-microorganism interactions on soil and freshwater environments : second international symposium mineral-organic-microorganism (ISMOM) held in Nancy, France, September 1996 (1999)
    New York [u.a.] : Kluwer
    Details Availability
    Call number: G1-02-0053
    Pages: XVI, 378 S. : graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 0306462168
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 2
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Diversity of environmental biogeochemistry (1991)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Details Availability
    Call number: AWI G6-92-0232
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XI, 537 S. : Ill.
    ISBN: 0444889000
    Series Statement: Developments in Geochemistry 6
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arbuscular mycorrhizal contribution to heavy metal uptake by maize (Zea mays L.) in pot culture with contaminated soil (1995)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 5 (1995), S. 245-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Glomus mosseae ; Heavy metals ; Indigenous mycorrhiza ; Tolerance ; Transfer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  In two pot-culture experiments with maize in a silty loam (P2 soil) contaminated by atmospheric deposition from a metal smelter, root colonization with indigenous or introduced arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and their influence on plant metal uptake (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Mn) were investigated. Soil was γ-irradiated for the nonmycorrhizal control. In experiment 1, nonirradiated soil provided the mycorrhizal treatment, whereas in experiment 2 the irradiated soil was inoculated with spores of a fungal culture from P2 soil or a laboratory reference culture, Glomus mosseae. Light intensity was considerably higher in experiment 2 and resulted in a fourfold higher shoot and tenfold higher root biomass. Under the conditions of experiment 1, biomass was significantly higher and Cd, Cu, Zn and Mn concentrations significantly lower in the mycorrhizal plants than in the nonmycorrhizal plants, suggesting a protection against metal toxicity. In contrast, in experiment 2, biomass did not differ between treatments and only Cu root concentration was decreased with G. mosseae-inoculated plants, whereas Cu shoot concentration was significantly increased with the indigenous P2 fungal culture. The latter achieved a significantly higher root colonization than G. mosseae (31.7 and 19.1%, respectively) suggesting its higher metal tolerance. Zn shoot concentration was higher in both mycorrhizal treatments and Pb concentrations, particularly in the roots, also tended to increase with mycorrhizal colonization. Cd concentrations were not altered between treatments. Cu and Zn, but not Pb and Cd root-shoot translocation increased with mycorrhizal colonization. The results show that the influence of AM on plant metal uptake depends on plant growth conditions, on the fungal partner and on the metal, and cannot be generalized. It is suggested that metal-tolerant mycorrhizal inoculants might be considered for soil reclamation, since under adverse conditions AM may be more important for plant metal resistance. Under the optimized conditions of normal agricultural practice, however, AM colonization even may increase plant metal absorption from polluted soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204957
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arbuscular mycorrhizal contribution to heavy metal uptake by maize (Zea mays L.) in pot culture with contaminated soil (1995)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 5 (1995), S. 245-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Glomus mosseae ; Heavy metals Indigenous mycorrhiza ; Tolerance ; Transfer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In two pot-culture experiments with maize in a silty loam (P2 soil) contaminated by atmospheric deposition from a metal smelter, root colonization with indigenous or introduced arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and their influence on plant metal uptake (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Mn) were investigated. Soil was γ-irradiated for the nonmycorrhizal control. In experiment 1, nonirradiated soil provided the mycorrhizal treatment, whereas in experiment 2 the irradiated soil was inoculated with spores of a fungal culture from P2 soil or a laboratory reference culture, Glomus mosseae. Light intensity was considerably higher in experiment 2 and resulted in a fourfold higher shoot and tenfold higher root biomass. Under the conditions of experiment 1, biomass was significantly higher and Cd, Cu, Zn and Mn concentrations significantly lower in the mycorrhizal plants than in the nonmycorrhizal plants, suggesting a protection against metal toxicity. In contrast, in experiment 2, biomass did not differ between treatments and only Cu root concentration was decreased with G. mosseae-inoculated plants, whereas Cu shoot concentration was significantly increased with the indigenous P2 fungal culture. The latter achieved a significantly higher root colonization than G. mosseae (31.7 and 19.1%, respectively) suggesting its higher metal tolerance. Zn shoot concentration was higher in both mycorrhizal treatments and Pb concentrations, particularly in the roots, also tended to increase with mycorrhizal colonization. Cd concentrations were not altered between treatments. Cu and Zn, but not Pb and Cd root-shoot translocation increased with mycorrhizal colonization. The results show that the influence of AM on plant metal uptake depends on plant growth conditions, on the fungal partner and on the metal, and cannot be generalized. It is suggested that metal-tolerant mycorrhizal inoculants might be considered for soil reclamation, since under adverse conditions AM may be more important for plant metal resistance. Under the optimized conditions of normal agricultural practice, however, AM colonization even may increase plant metal absorption from polluted soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204957
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioavailability of heavy metals and abundance of arbuscular mycorrhiza in a soil polluted by atmospheric deposition from a smelter (1995)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 19 (1995), S. 22-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhiza ; Limed silty loam Heavy metals ; Pb-Zn smelter ; Root colonization Spore numbers ; Tolerance ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The bioavailability of heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu) and the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) were studied in two agricultural fields close to a Pb-Zn smelter and three fields outside the pollution zone all cultivated with maize (Zea mays L.). Metal extractability with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-NH4OAc and Ca(NO3)2, plant metal uptake, and mycorrhizal parameters (spore number, root colonization) were assessed at two growth stages (six-leaf and maturity). Despite regular liming, the availability of Cd, Zn, and Pb was markedly higher in the two metal-polluted fields than in the three uncontaminated fields. However, the AM abundance was not correlated with metal availability. Root colonization and spore numbers in the metal polluted fields were relatively high, though at plant maturity the former was significantly lower than in one of the uncontaminated fields. The very low AM abundance in the two other unpolluted fields was related to other factors, particular soil and plant P status and soil pH. AM root colonization did not substantially prevent plant metal accumulation, since the metal concentrations in maize grown on the polluted fields strongly exceeded normal values, and for Cd and Pb reached the limits of toxicity for animal feed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336342
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial activity as a major factor in the mobilization of iron in the humid tropics (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 54 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The relation between the biodegradation and mineralization of soil organic matter and the bacterial solubilization and mobilization of iron in soils of the humid tropics is not clear. We therefore studied how microbial activity mobilized iron in a typical swamp soil of the humid tropics using two complementary approaches. By analysing soil water we found that the swamps (20% of the catchment) are the major sites of mineral weathering. Bacteria caused the solubilization of ferrous iron, produced ammonium, released organic soluble compounds, and caused the disappearance of nitrate. The waterlogged soil of the swamp (Gleysol) degraded and mineralized organic matter, producing CO2 and NH4+, and the amount of that activity depended on the amount, availability and quality of the organic matter. The nature and biomass of autochthonous bacteria were also important. The solubilization of iron was detected in the upper horizons (L1, 0–30 cm; L2, 30–70 cm; L3, 70–100 cm), where both iron and organic matter are available. Highly significant correlations were found between mineralization of organic matter and iron reduction. Quantitatively, we found that 100 µg of organic C being mineralized could reduce and dissolve 38, 97 and 115 µg Fe2+ in the L1, L2 and L3 horizons, respectively, during 30 days. After 30 days, there was a marked change in the relation, suggesting that lack of iron limited reduction. The coupling of iron reduction to the carbon cycle (soil organic matter biodegradation) is significant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1351-0754.2003.0571.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface sulphur as promoting agent of pyrite leaching by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology reviews 11 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6976
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract: Methanol extraction conducted with a HPLC-Iike device and spectroscopic analysis were used to remove and characterize the sulphur layer (Ss) present on freshly ground pyrite surface after dry grinding. Accurate measurements of ferric and sulphate contents in the leachate showed a significant delay in the lag phase and in the first step of oxidation by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans for the so-cleaned pyrite (without sulphur layer) in comparison to the initial pyrite (with sulphur layer). Voltammetric studies (current-potential curves) showed a modification of the anodic behaviour of the initial pyrite, corresponding to a higher chemical oxidability of the uncleaned pyrite. During the bacterial oxidation, the difference in redox potential between a special pyrite electrode and a platinum standard electrode both placed in the bioleaching reactor was shown to be related to the occurrence of a sulphur layer. This difference, which is more important in the case of the initial pyrite (with sulphur layer), corresponded to an increase in oxidation kinetics of the pyrite by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.1993.tb00269.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal nitrification measurements with different species of forest litter applied to granite-sand-filled lysimeters in the field (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 15 (1993), S. 28-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Plant forest litters ; Biodegradation ; Nitrification ; Nitrogen mineralization ; Litter decomposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The biodegradation of litter from Festuca silvatica, Abies pectinata, Fagus silvatica, Calluna vulgaris, Picea abies associated with forest brown acid soils or with podzolic soils was studied in field lysimeters filled with granite sand. Analysis of the leachates collected during 2 years made it possible to determine NO inf3 sup- , NH inf4 sup+ , and soluble organic N production in order to investigate the specific influence of the different species of litter on the mineralization of organic N and the variations in nitrification. With Festuca silvatica (grass), active nitrification was observed after the addition of fresh litter in autumn (fall of leaves). Nitrification remained significant in winter, reached a maximum in spring until early summer, and then decreased after mineralization of the easily mineralizable organic N. Nitrification was the major N transformation process in this litter. The addition of fresh litter of Abies pectinata (fir), Fagus silvatica (beech), Calluna vulgaris (heather), and Picea abies (spruce) in autumn induced an inhibition of nitrification during winter and spring. With these litter species, nitrification started again by the end of spring and was at a maximum in summer and autumn until leaf fall. By comparison with Festuca, inhibition observed in winter and spring with the other litter species was definitely due to the chemical composition of the leaves. Simultaneously, a lower C mineralization of these plant material occured. These litter species, in particular Calluna and Picea released leachates containing significant amounts of soluble organic N that were only slightly decomposed. We conclude that NO inf3 sup- production outside of the plant growth period can definitely be involved in soil acidification and weathering processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336284
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copper Speciation and Microbial Activity in Long-Term Contaminated Soils (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 36 (1999), S. 124-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Most soil quality guidelines do not distinguish among the various forms of metals in soils; insoluble, nonreactive, and nonbioavailable forms are deemed as hazardous as highly soluble, reactive, and toxic forms. The objective of this study was to better understand the long-term effects of copper on microorganisms in relation to its chemical speciation in the soil environment. Carbon mineralization processes and the global structure of different microbial communities (fungi, eubacteria, actinomycetes) are still affected after more than 50 years of copper contamination in 20 soils sampled from two different agricultural sites. The microbial respiration lag period (LP) preceding the beginning of mineralization process increases with the level of soil copper contamination and is not significantly affected by other environmental factors such as soil pH and soil organic matter (SOM) content. The total copper concentration showed the best correlation with the LP when each site is considered separately. However, when considering the whole set of data, soil solution free Cu2+ activity (pCu2+) is the best predictor of Cu toxicity determined by LP (quite likely because pCu2+ integrates the soil physicochemical variability). The maximum mineralization rate (MMR), even if well correlated with the pCu2+, appears not to be a good biomonitor of copper contamination in soils since it is highly sensitive to soil characteristics such as SOM content. This study emphasizes the importance of the physicochemical properties of the environment on soil heavy metal toxicity and on soil toxicological measurements. These properties must be characterized in soil toxicological studies with respect to (1) their interactions with heavy metals, and (2) their direct impact on the selected biological test. The measurement of pCu2+ to characterize the level of soil contamination and of lag period as a bioindicator of metal effects in the soil are recognized as useful tools for the evaluation of the biological quality of soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900451
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Multidisciplinary Approach to Assess History, Environmental Risks, and Remediation Feasability of Soils Contaminated by Metallurgical Activities. Part A: Chemical and Physical Properties of Metals and Leaching Ability (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 38 (2000), S. 411-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Three soils contaminated by heavy metals (HMs) and aliphatic hydrocarbons originating from different industrial sources were characterized in a multidisciplinary study combining chemical, physical (Part A), and mineralogical (Part B) approaches to define history, environmental risks, and remediation feasibility. These were an agricultural soil located nearby a Zn/Pb smelter and two soils from a steel metallurgical (siderurgy) waste land. High Pb and Zn contents were reported for all, and high Cr, Cd, and aliphatic hydrocarbons were present in different combinations in two out of three soils. Carbonate matrixes more strongly cemented fine particles in the agricultural soil than in both siderurgical ones, but buffering capacities were stronger in the latter. After the disruption of these cements by ultrasounds, HM were concentrated in the 〈50-μm fraction of the agricultural and of one siderurgical soil. Sequential extractions indicated for all the soils a preferential association of HM with carbonates, Fe-Mn oxides, organic matter, and sulfides. The stirring of one siderurgical soil with water resulted in an immediate leaching of hexavalent chromium (0.3 mg · L−1) involving potential ecotoxicological risks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449910055
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