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  • 1
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    The importance of Antarctic krill in biogeochemical cycles (2019)
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, 10(4742)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-21
    Description: Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) are swarming, oceanic crustaceans, up to two inches long, and best known as prey for whales and penguins – but they have another important role. With their large size, high biomass and daily vertical migrations they transport and transform essential nutrients, stimulate primary productivity and influence the carbon sink. Antarctic krill are also fished by the Southern Ocean’s largest fishery. Yet how krill fishing impacts nutrient fertilisation and the carbon sink in the Southern Ocean is poorly understood. Our synthesis shows fishery management should consider the influential biogeochemical role of both adult and larval Antarctic krill.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    The role of particle associated microbes in remineralization of fecal pellets in the upper mesopelagic of the Scotia Sea, Antarctica (2016)
    In:  EPIC3Limnology and Oceanography, 61(3), pp. 1049-1064
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-22
    Description: Fecal pellets (FP) are a key component of the biological carbon pump, as they can, under some circumstances, efficiently transfer carbon to depth. Like other forms of particulate organic carbon (POC), they can be remineralized in the ocean interior (particularly in the upper 200 m), or alternatively they can be preserved in the sediments. The controls on the attenuation of FP flux with depth are not fully understood, in particular, the relative contributions of zooplankton fragmentation and microbial/zooplankton respiration to FP loss. Collection of sinking particles using Marine Snow Catchers at three ecologically contrasting sites in the Scotia Sea, Antarctica, revealed large differences in POC flux composition (5–96% FP) and flux attenuation despite similar temperatures. To determine the importance of microbial respiration on FP loss in the upper mesopelagic, we made the first ever measurements of small scale oxygen gradients through the boundary layer at the interface of krill FP collected from the Scotia Sea. Estimated carbon-specific respiration rates of microbes within FP (0.010–0.065 d−1) were too low to account for the observed large decreases in FP flux over the upper 200 m. Therefore, the observed rapid declines in downward FP flux in the upper mesopelagic are more likely to be caused by zooplankton, through coprophagy, coprorhexy, and coprochaly. Microbial respiration is likely to be more important in regions of higher temperatures, and at times of the year, or in depths of the ocean, where zooplankton abundances are low and therefore grazing and fragmentation processes are reduced.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 3
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    Author Correction: The importance of Antarctic krill in biogeochemical cycles (2019)
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 10(1), pp. 5340-5340, ISSN: 2041-1723
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-10
    Description: The original version of this Article included an incorrect competing interests statement, which read ‘The authors declare no competing interests’, rather than the correct ‘The authors declare the following competing interest: Steve Nicol has been employed to provide scientific advice to the Association of Responsible Krill harvesting companies.’ This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidative decarboxylation of .alpha.-hydroxycarboxylic acids with N-iodosuccinimide (1982)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 47 (1982), S. 3006-3008 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00136a041
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental systems and a mathematical model for studying temperature effects on pollen-tube growth and fertilization in plum (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 5 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Cross and self pollen tubes were cultured in ‘Victoria’ plum flowers (Prunus domestica L.) at 5, 10, 15 and 20°C. Pollen-tube lengths measured at intervals were fitted by S-shaped growth curves (logistic function) and the parameters of the curves used to derive a generalized model for pollen-tube growth based on accumulated temperatures. Above the threshold of 2.5°C, maximum growth rate was 0.34 mm per day-degree and the tubes reached half their final length at 16.6 day-degrees above 2.5°C. The model indicates that fertilization of plum flowers requires 16–20 d at a constant temperature of 5°C after pollination, but only 3–4 d at 15°C. Mathematical expressions based on the model are given for estimating pollen-tube penetration and growth rate from values of cumulated temperature since pollination, and for estimating the cumulated temperature necessary for pollen tubes to penetrate a given distance. Pollen-tube growth rates were the same in detached flowers, flowers attached to twigs, and flowers on young, grafted trees in pots. In detached flowers growth stopped before fertilization could occur, but some embryo sacs were fertilized in both the remaining treatments. Accurate pollen-tube growth assessments can therefore be made with detached flowers which are most convenient to use and can be accommodated in small incubators. Studies on fertilization, however, must use flowers on bulky and expensive grafted trees.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-3040.ep11572417
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of crystal phase switching and orientation by soluble mollusc-shell proteins (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 381 (1996), S. 56-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The molluscan shell is a microlaminate composite of mineral and biopolymers exhibiting exceptional nanoscale regularity3, and a strength 3,000 times greater than that of the crystals themselves11. Although the integral proteins typically comprise 〈 2 wt% of the shell, they determine the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/381056a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential protein synthesis in response to sulphate and phosphate deprivation: Identification of possible components of plasma-membrane transport systems in cultured tomato roots (1991)
    Springer
    Planta 185 (1991), S. 323-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Ion transport ; Lycopersicon (membrane transport) ; Phosphate (transport, carrier) ; Plasmamembrane ; Protein synthesis ; Sulphate (transport, carrier)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Isolated roots of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cultured in axenic conditions were starved of sulphate or phosphate, and uptake capacities for the respective oxyanion-transport systems were observed for several days after sulphate or phosphate withdrawal. Sulphate-uptake capacity of the intact roots, measured in a 20-min period, increased from a control level of 100 nmol · g−1 · h−1 to 1100 nmol · g−1 · h−1 in 10 d, and phosphate-uptake capacity increased from 500 to 1400 nmol · g−1 · h−1 over 4 d. Newly synthesised polypeptides of these root cultures were pulse-labelled in vivo for 2 h, by adding [3H]leucine to the culture medium. The tissue was immediately homogenised and soluble and membrane fractions were prepared. A highly purified plasma-membrane fraction was separated from the crude microsomal membrane fraction using an aqueous two-phase partitioning technique. All fractions were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. A 28-kilodalton (kDa) soluble polypeptide, and 36-, 43-, and 47-kDa plasma-membrane polypeptides were observed to have increased labelling after 4 d of sulphate deprivation. Longer periods resulted in additional polypeptides with increased [3H]leucine incorporation. The synthesis of a 25-kDa membrane polypeptide and a 65-kDa soluble polypeptide was increased after 4 d of phosphate deprivation. Two-dimensional electrophoresis afforded greater resolution of the plasmamembrane polypeptides, confirming increased synthesis of the 36-kDa polypeptide and the presence of the 28-kDa polypeptide in the plasma-membrane preparation from sulphate-starved roots. These polypeptides were also observed in protein-stained two-dimensional gels as low-abundant protein components of the plasmamembrane fraction. It is suggested that the 36-kDa polypeptide may be a component of the plasma-membrane sulphate-transport system and that the 25-kDa polypeptide may be a component of a phosphate-transport system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00201051
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of chemical signals in a primate species (Saguinus fuscicollis): Use of behavioral, chemical, and pattern recognition methods (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 513-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Chemical communication ; scent marking ; pattern recognition ; Saguinus fuscicollis ; GC-MS ; primate ; tamarin ; skin secretions ; n-butyrate esters ; concentration profiles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Scent marking with specialized skin glands is a common behavior in the tamarin,Saguinus fuscicollis. The scent marks identify species, subspecies, gender, and individual, and they also contain information on the social position and hormonal condition of an animal. The marks are chemically complex, containing a large number of compounds. Analysis by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has identified 16 major components (squalene and 15 esters of butyric acid). These compounds are present in the marks of males and females of two subspecies,Saguinus f. fuscicollis andSaguinus f. illigeri. Application of computerized pattern recognition techniques has shown that concentration patterns of some of the butyrates are diagnostic of the two subspecies while concentration patterns of other butyrates are diagnostic of males and females regardless of subspecies. Behavioral studies have shown that the concentration patterns of butyrates and squalene alone do not encode information on subspecies and gender. It is, however, likely that this information is partially encoded by these specific butyrate-squalene concentration patterns but that yet unidentified compounds in the scent marks serve as necessary synergists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020570
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volatile components of scent material from cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus o. oedipus) (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 1367-1384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Primate ; callitrichids ; Saguinus o. oedipus ; chemical communication ; scent marking ; chemical analysis ; GC-MS ; volatile composition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The first chemical analysis of the volatile components of scent material from the cotton-top tamarin,Saguinus o. oedipus is presented. In contrast to our previous findings in saddle-back tamarins (Saguinus fuscicollis), the chemical composition of the scent marks is quite variable. Analysis of secretion expressed manually from different areas of the scent pads of sedated animals shows individual and regional variability. Only three components (squalene, cholesterol, andp-methoxybenzaldehyde) were found in all scent mark samples analyzed. However, suprapubic secretions obtained from one sedated female contained, in addition, 12 butyrate esters as well as five acetate esters which were homologous to the butyrates. The butyrate esters have been previously identified in scent material fromSaguinus fuscicollis. The variability of the composition of the scent material is discussed in relation to the scent-marking behavior of the cotton-top tamarins. Behavioral studies tested the ability of the cotton-top tamarins to discriminate between scent marks from conspecifics and scent marks from saddle-back tamarins. The group of 12 subjects discriminated between the scent marks from both species in choice tests during which they could freely contact the scent samples. However, when scent marks were presented under a screen, so that the subjects could smell but not contact the stimuli, no discrimination was shown. Four individuals displayed more interest in the screened scent stimuli than all other subjects. When these animals were tested in a second experiment for their ability to discriminate between material from the two species on the basis of only volatile cues, it became evident that they were able to do so. These results indicate that volatile cues alone enable the tamarins to recognize scent marks from conspecifics, but that additional cues perceived during contact with the scent are important for its full attractiveness and/or informational content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020141
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some communicatory functions of scent marking in the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus oedipus) (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 503-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Primates ; callitrichids ; scent marking ; chemical communication ; chemical signals ; odor discrimination ; cotton-top tamarin ; Saguinus oedipus oedipus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The ability of cotton-top tamarins to discriminate between scents from conspecifics and those from other tamarin species, and between scents from conspecific individuals was tested. Cotton-tops scent mark with specialized skin glands in the circumgenital area. Females possess larger glands than males and show more scent-marking behavior. In the first experiment, subjects were presented with a glass rod scented with either material collected from the surface of the scent glands of a conspecific female, with scent material from a female of a related species, or with an unscented rod. Glass rods carrying scent from conspecifics were sniffed more frequently than rods carrying scent from related tamarin species or unscented rods. A second experiment offered a choice between two glass rods, one scent marked by aSaguinus o. oedipus female, the second one scent marked by aSaguinus fusdcollis female. Shelves carrying rods that had been scent marked by conspecifics were contacted more frequently than those carrying rods marked by heterospecific females. Scent marks from conspecific females were also sniffed more frequently. A third experiment compared the level of responses to rods carrying material collected from the scent glands of female individuals to which the subjects had been habituated with their responses to rods carrying scent from females to which they had not been habituated. Contacting and sniffing responses to the scents of novel females were higher than those to the scents of females to which the subjects had been habituated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01013902
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