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  • 1
    Call number: SR 90.0066(71)
    In: Geologisches Jahrbuch
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 370 S.
    Series Statement: Geologisches Jahrbuch : Reihe A 71
    Language: German
    Location: Lower compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Call number: MOP Per 409/C(228)
    In: Technical memorandum
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 22 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Technical memorandum / European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts 228
    Language: English
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 102 (1980), S. 7803-7805 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 261 (1976), S. 284-288 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Evidence is summarised here that trees store a record of atmospheric temperature in their rings. In each ring, the ratios of the stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen vary with the air temperature prevailing when the ring was formed. We have shown that the temperature records in three modern trees ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 353 (1991), S. 647-649 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Through the stepwise cross-dating of more than 6,000 tree-ring curves, we established the absolute German oak dendrochronology, continuous to the year 7938 BC. It consists of subfossil river oaks linked with prehistoric, historic and modern oak samples. The statistical significance of the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Formal methods in system design 11 (1997), S. 5-21 
    ISSN: 1572-8102
    Keywords: Decision Diagrams (DDs) ; OKFDDs ; OBDDs ; OFDDs ; decomposition types ; exponential gaps
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Ordered Decision Diagrams (ODDs) as a means for the representation of Boolean functions are used in many applications in CAD. Depending on the decomposition type, various classes of ODDs have been defined, among them being the Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams (OBDDs), the Ordered Functional Decision Diagrams (OFDDs) and the Ordered Kronecker Functional Decision Diagrams (OKFDDs). Based on a formalization of the concept decomposition type we first investigate all possible decomposition types and prove that already OKFDDs, which result from the application of only three decomposition types, result in the most general class of ODDs. We then show from a (more) theoretical point of view that the generality of OKFDDs is really needed. We prove several exponential gaps between specific classes of ODDs, e.g. between OKFDDs on the one side and OBDDs, OFDDs on the other side. Combining these results it follows that a restriction of the OKFDD concept to subclasses, such as OBDDs and OFDDs as well, results in families of functions which lose their efficient representation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of electronic testing 14 (1999), S. 219-225 
    ISSN: 1573-0727
    Keywords: AND/EXOR ; 2-level circuits ; random pattern testability ; synthesis for testability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract It is often stated that AND/EXOR circuits are much easier to test than AND/OR circuits. This statement, however, only holds true for circuits derived from restricted classes of AND/EXOR expressions, like positive polarity Reed-Muller and fixed polarity Reed-Muller expressions. For these two classes of expressions, circuits with good deterministic testability properties are known. In this paper we show that these circuits also have good random pattern testability attributes. An input probability distribution is given that yields a short expected test length for biased random patterns. This is the first time theoretical results on random pattern testability are presented for 2-level AND/EXOR circuit realizations of arbitrary Boolean functions. It turns out that analogous results cannot be expected for less restricted classes of 2-level AND/EXOR circuits. We present experiments demonstrating that generally minimized 2-level AND/OR circuits can be tested as easy (or hard) as minimized 2-level AND/EXOR circuits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of electronic testing 15 (1999), S. 219-238 
    ISSN: 1573-0727
    Keywords: fault simulation ; symbolic simulation ; SOT ; MOT ; BDD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract We present a fault simulator for synchronous sequential circuits that combines the efficiency of three-valued logic simulation with the exactness of a symbolic approach. The simulator is hybrid in the sense that three different modes of operation—three-valued, symbolic and mixed—are supported. We demonstrate how an automatic switching between the modes depending on the computational resources and the properties of the circuit under test can be realized, thus trading off time/space for accuracy of the computation. Furthermore, besides the usual Single Observation Time Test Strategy (SOT) for the evaluation of the fault coverage, the simulator supports evaluation according to the more general Multiple Observation Time Test Strategy (MOT). Numerous experiments are given to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of our approach. In particular, it is shown that, at the expense of a reasonable time penalty, the exactness of the fault coverage computation can be improved even for the largest benchmark functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of electronic testing 7 (1995), S. 173-191 
    ISSN: 1573-0727
    Keywords: design for testability ; path delay fault model ; testability preserving transformations ; testability inproving transformations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Several synthesis for path delay fault (PDF) testability approaches are based on local transformations of digital circuits. Different methods were used to show that transformations preserve or improve PDF testability. In this paper we present a new unifying approach to show that local transformations preserve or improve PDF testability. This approach can be applied to every local transformation and in contrast to previously published methods only the subcircuits to be transformed have to be considered. Using our new approach we are able to show in a very convenient way that the transformations which are already used in synthesis tools preserve or improve PDF testability. We present further transformations which preserve or improve testability. We show that a transformation, claimed to preserve PDF testability, in fact, does not do so. Moreover, the testability improving factor which is a unit of measurement for the quality of testability improving transformations is introduced. Additionally, we present the capabilities of SALT (system forapplication oflocaltransformations), which is a general tool for application of a predefined set of local transformations. The implementation of SALT is described and it is shown how the isomorphism of a “pattern to be searched” and a “matched subcircuit” can be weakened to allow the application of local transformations more frequently. Finally, we confirm the theoretical part of this paper by experimental results obtained by application of the examined local transformations to several benchmark circuits. The effect of these transformations (and combinations of different types of transformations) on PDF testability, size and depth of the transformed circuits is examined and encouraging results are presented. For example, a reduction of up to 90% can be observed for the number of untestable paths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 116 (1983), S. 1573-1594 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Structure and Reactivity of Polycyclic Ion PairsA series of polycyclic π-systems 1-5 which have in common a napthalene moiety are reduced by alkali metals: via the intermediate radical anions the corresponding dianion salts and a tetraanion salt of 1 are obtained. The structures of the ion pairs are elucidated by spectroscopic methods. The charge distribution depends on the topology of the π-systems and on the polarizing counterions. Knowledge of the charge distribution allows to rationalize the reactions of the dianions with electrophiles.
    Notes: Eine Reihe von polycyclischen π-Systemen 1-5, die sich jeweils vom Naphthalin ableiten, werden mit Alkalimetallen reduziert: es entstehen über die intermediär auftretenden Radikalanionen die entsprechenden Dianionsalze sowie im Fall von 1 auch das Tetraanionsalz. Die Strukturen der Ionenpaare werden mit spektroskopischen Mitteln aufgeklärt. Die Art der Ladungsverteilung hängt sowohl von der Topologie des π-Systems als auch von der polarisierenden Wirkung der Gegenionen ab. Die Kenntnis der Ladungsverteilung erlaubt es, die Reaktionen der Dianionen mit Elektrophilen zu deuten.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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