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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Atmosphere, ocean, and climate dynamics : an introductory text (2008)
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Academic Press
    Details Availability
    Call number: PIK N 453-08-0234
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1. Characteristics of the atmosphere. 2. The global energy balance. 3. The vertical structure of the atmosphere. 4. Convection. 5. The Meridional structure of the atmosphere. 6. The equations of fluid motion. 7. Balanced flow. 8. The general circulation of the atmosphere. 9. The ocena and its circulation. 10. The wind-driven circulation. 11. The thermohaline circulation of the ocean. 12. Climate and climate variability. 13. Appendices
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: XX, 319 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 9780125586917
    Series Statement: International geophysics series 93
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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  • 2
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    Wind Feedback Mediated by Sea Ice in the Nordic Seas (2020)
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Climate, 33(15), pp. 6621-6632
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-08
    Description: Air-sea interactions play a critical role in the climate system. This study investigates wind-induced changes in the ocean surface temperature and sea ice cover feeding back onto the atmospheric circulation. This interaction was modeled in the Nordic seas, using a partial coupling method to constrain the ocean with prescribed wind forcing in an otherwise fully coupled Earth system model. This enabled the evaluation of not only the direct oceanic, but also the indirect atmospheric response to idealized forcing scenarios of perturbed winds over the Nordic seas. The results show that an anticyclonic wind anomaly forcing leads to significant surface cooling in the Greenland Sea mostly due to anomalous drift of sea ice. During winter, the cooling reduces the net surface heat flux to the atmosphere and increases sea level pressure. The pressure gradients result in anomalous geostrophic southerly winds, which locally are comparable both in direction and in velocity to the prescribed forcing anomalies, suggesting a positive feedback.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
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    Liquid freshwater accumulation in the Beaufort Gyre is constrained by a sea ice-ocean stress feedback (2018)
    In:  EPIC3Seminar in Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China, 2018-07-2018-07
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-07-30
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 4
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    On the Feedback of Ice-Ocean Stress Coupling from Geostrophic Currents in an Anticyclonic Wind Regime over the Beaufort Gyre (2019)
    AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Physical Oceanography, AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC, 49, pp. 369-383, ISSN: 0022-3670
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-04
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
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    The CLIMODE field campaign : observing the cycle of convection and restratification over the Gulf Stream (2010)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2009. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 90 (2009): 1337-1350, doi:10.1175/2009BAMS2706.1.
    Description: A major oceanographic field experiment is described, which is designed to observe, quantify, and understand the creation and dispersal of weakly stratified fluid known as “mode water” in the region of the Gulf Stream. Formed in the wintertime by convection driven by the most intense air–sea fluxes observed anywhere over the globe, the role of mode waters in the general circulation of the subtropical gyre and its biogeo-chemical cycles is also addressed. The experiment is known as the CLIVAR Mode Water Dynamic Experiment (CLIMODE). Here we review the scientific objectives of the experiment and present some preliminary results.
    Description: Physical Oceanography program of NSF
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 6
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    “Climate response functions” for the Arctic Ocean : a proposed coordinated modelling experiment (2017)
    Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Geoscientific Model Development 10 (2017): 2833-2848, doi:10.5194/gmd-10-2833-2017.
    Description: A coordinated set of Arctic modelling experiments, which explore how the Arctic responds to changes in external forcing, is proposed. Our goal is to compute and compare "climate response functions" (CRFs) – the transient response of key observable indicators such as sea-ice extent, freshwater content of the Beaufort Gyre, etc. – to abrupt "step" changes in forcing fields across a number of Arctic models. Changes in wind, freshwater sources, and inflows to the Arctic basin are considered. Convolutions of known or postulated time series of these forcing fields with their respective CRFs then yield the (linear) response of these observables. This allows the project to inform, and interface directly with, Arctic observations and observers and the climate change community. Here we outline the rationale behind such experiments and illustrate our approach in the context of a coarse-resolution model of the Arctic based on the MITgcm. We conclude by summarizing the expected benefits of such an activity and encourage other modelling groups to compute CRFs with their own models so that we might begin to document their robustness to model formulation, resolution, and parameterization.
    Description: The experiments described here were made possible by support from the NSF program in Arctic Research, award number 1603557. Jeffery Scott received support from the Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, which is funded by a number of federal agencies and a consortium of industrial and foundation sponsors.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 7
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    Mesoscale modulation of air-sea CO2 flux in Drake Passage (2016)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2016. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 121 (2016): 6635–6649, doi:10.1002/2016JC011714.
    Description: We investigate the role of mesoscale eddies in modulating air-sea CO2 flux and associated biogeochemical fields in Drake Passage using in situ observations and an eddy-resolving numerical model. Both observations and model show a negative correlation between temperature and partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) anomalies at the sea surface in austral summer, indicating that warm/cold anticyclonic/cyclonic eddies take up more/less CO2. In austral winter, in contrast, relationships are reversed: warm/cold anticyclonic/cyclonic eddies are characterized by a positive/negative pCO2 anomaly and more/less CO2 outgassing. It is argued that DIC-driven effects on pCO2 are greater than temperature effects in austral summer, leading to a negative correlation. In austral winter, however, the reverse is true. An eddy-centric analysis of the model solution reveals that nitrate and iron respond differently to the same vertical mixing: vertical mixing has a greater impact on iron because its normalized vertical gradient at the base of the surface mixed layer is an order of magnitude greater than that of nitrate.
    Description: NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center Grant Number: SMD-15-5752; NSF MOBY project Grant Numbers: (OCE-1048926), OCE-1259388, PLR-1341647, AOAS-0944761, and AOAS-066975; NOAA Climate Program Office Grant Number: (NA12OAR4310058)
    Description: 2017-03-10
    Keywords: CO2 flux ; Mesoscale eddy ; Southern Ocean ; Vertical mixing ; Nutrient fluxes
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 8
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    Mechanisms controlling the SST air-sea heat flux feedback and its dependence on spatial scale (2017)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2016. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Springer for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Climate Dynamics 48 (2017): 1297–1307, doi:10.1007/s00382-016-3142-3.
    Description: The turbulent air-sea heat flux feedback (α, in W m-2 K-1) is a major contributor to setting the damping timescale of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. In this study we compare the spatial distribution and magnitude of α in the North Atlantic and the Southern Ocean, as estimated from the ERA-Interim reanalysis dataset. The comparison is rationalized in terms of an upper bound on the heat flux feedback, associated with \fast" atmospheric export of temperature and moisture anomalies away from the marine boundary layer, and a lower bound associated with "slow" export. It is found that regions of cold surface waters (≤10°C) are best described as approaching the slow export limit. This conclusion is not only valid at the synoptic scale resolved by the reanalysis data, but also on basin scales. In particular, it applies to the heat flux feedback acting as circumpolar SST anomaly scales are approached in the Southern Ocean, with feedbacks of ≤10 W m-2 K-1. In contrast, the magnitude of the heat flux feed-back is close to that expected from the fast export limit over the Gulf Stream and its recirculation with values on the order of ≈40 W m-2 K-1. Further analysis suggests that this high value reflects a compensation between a moderate thermo-dynamic adjustment of the boundary layer, which tends to weaken the heat flux feedback, and an enhancement of the surface winds over warm SST anomalies, which tend to enhance the feedback.
    Description: Ute Hausmann and John Marshall acknowledge support by the FESD program of NSF.
    Description: 2017-05-04
    Keywords: Sea surface temperature ; Air-sea interaction ; Feedback ; Variability ; Southern Ocean ; North Atlantic
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 9
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    Hydrothermal plume dynamics on Europa : implications for chaos formation (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2004. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 109 (2004): E03008, doi:10.1029/2003JE002073.
    Description: Hydrothermal plumes may be responsible for transmitting radiogenic or tidally generated heat from Europa's rocky interior through a liquid ocean to the base of its ice shell. This process has been implicated in the formation of chaos regions and lenticulae by melting or exciting convection in the ice layer. In contrast to earlier work, we argue that Europa's ocean should be treated as an unstratified fluid. We have adapted and expanded upon existing work describing buoyant plumes in a rotating, unstratified environment. We discuss the scaling laws governing the flow and geometry of plumes on Europa and perform a laboratory experiment to obtain scaling constants and to visualize plume behavior in a Europa-like parameter regime. We predict that hydrothermal plumes on Europa are of a lateral scale (at least 25–50 km) comparable to large chaos regions; they are too broad to be responsible for the formation of individual lenticulae. Plume heat fluxes (0.1–10 W/m2) are too weak to allow complete melt-through of the ice layer. Current speeds in the plume (3–8 mm/s) are much slower than indicated by previous studies. The observed movement of ice blocks in the Conamara Chaos region is unlikely to be driven by such weak flow.
    Keywords: Chaos ; Europa ; Hydrothermal plumes
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 10
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    Observed mesoscale eddy signatures in Southern Ocean surface mixed-layer depth (2017)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2017. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 122 (2017): 617–635, doi:10.1002/2016JC012225.
    Description: Combining satellite altimetry with Argo profile data a systematic observational estimate of mesoscale eddy signatures in surface mixed-layer depth (MLD) is provided across the Southern Ocean (SO). Eddy composite MLD anomalies are shallow in cyclones, deep in anticyclones, and increase in magnitude with eddy amplitude. Their magnitudes show a pronounced seasonal modulation roughly following the depth of the climatological mixed layer. Weak eddies of the relatively quiescent SO subtropics feature peak late-winter perturbations of ±10 m. Much larger MLD perturbations occur over the vigorous eddies originating along the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and SO western boundary current systems, with late-winter peaks of −30 m and +60 m in the average over cyclonic and anticyclonic eddy cores (a difference of ≈ 100 m). The asymmetry between modest shallow cyclonic and pronounced deep anticyclonic anomalies is systematic and not accompanied by corresponding asymmetries in eddy amplitude. Nonetheless, the net deepening of the climatological SO mixed layer by this asymmetry in eddy MLD perturbations is estimated to be small (few meters). Eddies are shown to enhance SO MLD variability with peaks in late winter and eddy-intense regions. Anomalously deep late-winter mixed layers occur disproportionately within the cores of anticyclonic eddies, suggesting the mesoscale heightens the frequency of deep winter surface-mixing events along the eddy-intense regions of the SO. The eddy modulation in MLD reported here provides a pathway via which the oceanic mesoscale can impact air-sea fluxes of heat and carbon, the ventilation of water masses, and biological productivity across the SO.
    Description: NSF via the MOBY project investigating the impacts of ocean eddies on biogeochemical cycles. In addition, DJM also acknowledges support from NASA.
    Description: 2017-07-27
    Keywords: Antarctic Circumpolar Current ; Argo ; Satellite altimetry
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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