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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deviatoric stress in a diamond anvil cell using synchrotron radiation with two diffraction geometries (1993)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 141 (1993), S. 509-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Stress ; pressure ; elasticity ; X-ray diffraction ; diamond anvil cell ; synchrotron radiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Deviatoric stress in a diamond anvil cell with gold as a pressure and stress indicator is measured by two complementary techiques using synchrotron radiation. The first method employs a white X-ray beam using energy disperisive X-ray diffraction. The incident X-ray beam is parallel to the load axis and the diffraction pattern is recorded at a low two-theta angle. Using powder diffraction patterns of polycrystallin gold, we measured the elastic strain of two crystal planes oriented normal to the diffraction vector. Stresses nearly parallel and perpendicular to the load axis can be calculated by stress-strain tensor relatonship. The other method uses a monochromatic wiggler X-ray beam. In this case, the diamond cell is oriented so that the incident beam is perpendicular to the load axis. The diffraction pattern is recorded on an image plate area detector. Elastic strains responding to stresses perpendicular and parallel to the load axis can be measured and stresses of the same orientations can be calculated from the strain data. These measurements provide a lower bound of the actual differential stress in a diamond cell. With these techniques, we can measure stress distribution in a less deviatoric gasketted sample and determine yield strength of mantle materials at high pressures and temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00998343
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrothermal studies in a new diamond anvil cell up to 10 GPa and from −190°C to 1200°C (1993)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 141 (1993), S. 487-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Pressure ; temperature ; hydrothermal ; H2O ; equation of state ; diamond anvil cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The new hydrothermal diamond anvil cell (HDAC) has been designed for optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction at pressures up to 10 GPa and temperatures between −190°C and 1200°C. Laser light reffected from the top and bottom anvil faces and the top and bottom solid sample faces produce interference fringes that provide a very sensitive means of monitoring the volume of sample chamber and for observing volume and refractive index changes in solid samples due to transitions and reactions. Synchrotron radiation has been used to make X-ray diffraction patterns of samples under hydrothermal conditions. Individual heaters and individual thermocouples provide temperature control with an accuracy of ±0.5°C. Liquid nitrogen directly introduced into the HDAC has been used to reduce the sample temperature to −190°C. The α-β phase boundary of quartz has been used to calculate the transition pressures from measured transition temperatures. With this method we have redetermined 5 isochores of H2O up to 850°C and 1.2 GPa at which the solution rate of the quartz became so rapid that the quartz dissolved completely before the α-β transition could be observed. When silica solutions were cooled, opal spherules and rods formed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00998341
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DATING OF TERTIARY VOLCANIC ROCKS BY THE POTASSIUM-ARGON METHOD (1961)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 91 (1961), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1961.tb35467.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Diamond Cell and the Nature of the Earth's Mantle (1979)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 7 (1979), S. 357-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6597
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ea.07.050179.002041
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compressibility of SiC up to 68.4 GPa (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 3824-3826 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A diamond anvil cell was used with synchrotron radiation to measure the compressibility of the 6H polytype of SiC (moissanite) up to 68.4 GPa. NaCl was used as the pressure medium, and Au was used as the pressure calibrant. The effect of pressure gradient was minimized by using a very small x-ray beam (0.015 mm diam), and uniaxial stress was minimized by using three times as much volume of NaCl as SiC. The 101 and 102 peaks of SiC were measured as a function of pressure, and the molar volumes based on them were in excellent agreement. Pressure was calculated from the 111, 200, and 220 peaks of Au. The data when fit to the Birch–Murnaghan equation yield a bulk modulus of K0=230.2±4.0 GPa if the K'0 is set at 4. These values are in good agreement with earlier unpublished measurements (K0=234.3±4.9 GPa; K'0=4) made by us in which NaCl was used as the pressure calibrant. Our compression measurements appear to indicate a stiffer behavior than those based on shock measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354476
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new diamond anvil cell for hydrothermal studies to 2.5 GPa and from −190 to 1200 °C (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 2340-2345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new style of diamond anvil cell (DAC) has been designed and built for conducting research in fluids at pressures to 2.5 GPa and temperatures from −190 to 1200 °C. The new DAC has been used for optical microscope observations and synchrotron x-ray diffraction studies. Fringes produced by interference of laser light reflected from top and bottom anvil faces and from top and bottom sample faces provide a very sensitive means of monitoring the volume of sample chamber and for observing volume and refractive index changes in samples that have resulted from transitions and reactions. X-ray diffraction patterns of samples under hydrothermal conditions have been made by the energy dispersive method using synchrotron radiation. The new DAC has individual heaters and individual thermocouples for the upper and lower anvils that can be controlled and can maintain temperatures with an accuracy of ±0.5 °C. Low temperatures are achieved by introducing liquid nitrogen directly into the DAC. The equation of state of H2O and the α-β quartz transition are used to determine pressure with an accuracy of ±1% in the aqueous samples. The new DAC has been used to redetermine five isochores of H2O as well as the dehydration curves of brucite, Mg(OH)2, and muscovite, KAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143931
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    XAFS measurements on zinc chloride aqueous solutions from ambient to supercritical conditions using the diamond anvil cell (1999)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 6 (1999), S. 195-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0909049599001727
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The crystal structure of CaCO3(II), a high-pressure metastable phase of calcium carbonate (1975)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 343-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567740875002774
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some mineralogical applications of synchrotron radiation (1984)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 11 (1984), S. 17-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Synchrotron radiation offers several advantages over the conventional X-ray sources, among which the most important are its high intensity, broad spectral range and natural collimation. Among the numerous techniques which have been recently developed we present a review of the results concerning more specifically mineralogical systems: X-ray absorption spectroscopy concerning high-resolution edge spectra and Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), X-ray diffraction under high P-high T conditions, small-angle scattering, X-ray microanalysis and X-ray topography. For each technique the basic principles are described together with the experimental devices used, before mineralogical examples are given. Two main applications may be pointed out: chemical and structural characterization of disordered systems and kinetic studies (phase transitions and evolution). Many other techniques (photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence analysis ...) which are actually under development as a result of the rapid increase of the use of storage rings are not covered in the present review but will possibly also be used in the near future in Earth Sciences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309373
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  • 10
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    A new diamond anvil cell for hydrothermal studies to 2.5 GPa and from −190 to 1200 °C (1993)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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