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  • 1
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    Synoptic thermal and oceanographic parameter distributions in the New York Bight Apex (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Concurrent surface water measurements made from a moving oceanographic research vessel were used to calibrate and interpret remotely sensed data collected over a plume in the New York Bight Apex on 23 June 1977. Multiple regression techniques were used to develop equations to map synoptic distributions of chlorophyll a and total suspended matter in the remotely sensed scene. Thermal (which did not have surface calibration values) and water quality parameter distributions indicated a cold mass of water in the Bight Apex with an overflowing nutrient-rich warm water plume that originated in the Sandy Hook Bay and flowed south near the New Jersey shoreline. Data analysis indicates that remotely sensed data may be particularly useful for studying physical and biological processes in the top several metres of surface water at plume boundaries.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing; 47; Nov. 198
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Analysis of testbed airborne multispectral scanner data from Superflux II (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A test bed aircraft multispectral scanner (TBAMS) was flown during the James Shelf, Plume Scan, and Chesapeake Bay missions as part of the Superflux 2 experiment. Excellent correlations were obtained between water sample measurements of chlorophyll and sediment and TBAMS radiance data. The three-band algorithms used were insensitive to aircraft altitude and varying atmospheric conditions. This was particularly fortunate due to the hazy conditions during most of the experiments. A contour map of sediment, and also chlorophyll, was derived for the Chesapeake Bay plume along the southern Virginia-Carolina coastline. A sediment maximum occurs about 5 nautical miles off the Virginia Beach coast with a chlorophyll maximum slightly shoreward of this. During the James Shelf mission, a thermal anomaly (or front) was encountered about 50 miles from the coast. There was a minor variation in chlorophyll and sediment across the boundary. During the Chesapeake Bay mission, the Sun elevation increased from 50 degrees to over 70 degrees, interfering with the generation of data products.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: Chesapeake Bay Plume Study; p 323-338
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Active and passive microwave measurements in Hurricane Allen (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The NASA Langley Research Center analysis of the airborne microwave remote sensing measurements of Hurricane Allen obtained on August 5 and 8, 1980 is summarized. The instruments were the C-band stepped frequency microwave radiometer and the Ku-band airborne microwave scatterometer. They were carried aboard a NOAA aircraft making storm penetrations at an altitude of 3000 m and are sensitive to rain rate, surface wind speed, and surface wind vector. The wind speed is calculated from the increase in antenna brightness temperature above the estimated calm sea value. The rain rate is obtained from the difference between antenna temperature increases measured at two frequencies, and wind vector is determined from the sea surface normalized radar cross section measured at several azimuths. Comparison wind data were provided from the inertial navigation systems aboard both the C-130 aircraft at 3000 m and a second NOAA aircraft (a P-3) operating between 500 and 1500 m. Comparison rain rate data were obtained with a rain radar aboard the P-3. Evaluation of the surface winds obtained with the two microwave instruments was limited to comparisons with each other and with the flight level winds. Two important conclusions are drawn from these comparisons: (1) the radiometer is accurate when predicting flight level wind speeds and rain; and (2) the scatterometer produces well behaved and consistent wind vectors for the rain free periods.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-86390 , L-15775 , NAS 1.15:86390
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Quantitative analysis of aircraft multispectral-scanner data and mapping of water-quality parameters in the James River in Virginia (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Statistical analysis techniques were applied to develop quantitative relationships between in situ river measurements and the remotely sensed data that were obtained over the James River in Virginia on 28 May 1974. The remotely sensed data were collected with a multispectral scanner and with photographs taken from an aircraft platform. Concentration differences among water quality parameters such as suspended sediment, chlorophyll a, and nutrients indicated significant spectral variations. Calibrated equations from the multiple regression analysis were used to develop maps that indicated the quantitative distributions of water quality parameters and the dispersion characteristics of a pollutant plume entering the turbid river system. Results from further analyses that use only three preselected multispectral scanner bands of data indicated that regression coefficients and standard errors of estimate were not appreciably degraded compared with results from the 10-band analysis.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: NASA-TP-1021 , L-10968
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Approximate thermochemical tables for some C-H and C-H-O species (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Approximate thermochemical tables are presented for some C-H and C-H-O species and for some ionized species, supplementing the JANAF Thermochemical Tables for application to finite-chemical-kinetics calculations. The approximate tables were prepared by interpolation and extrapolation of limited available data, especially by interpolations over chemical families of species. Original estimations have been smoothed by use of a modification for the CDC-6600 computer of the Lewis Research Center PACl Program which was originally prepared for the IBM-7094 computer Summary graphs for various families show reasonably consistent curvefit values, anchored by properties of existing species in the JANAF tables.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA-CR-2178
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Synoptic thermal and oceanographic parameter distribution in the New York Bight Apex on June 23, 1977 (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Concurrent surface water measurements made from a moving oceanographic research vessel were used to calibrate and interpret remotely sensed data collected over a plume in the New York Bight Apex on June 23, 1977. Multiple regression techniques were used to develop equations to subsequently map synoptic distributions of water quality parameters, chlorophyll A and total suspended matter, in the remotely sensed scene. Thermal (which did not have surface calibration values) and water quality parameter distributions indicated a cold mass of upwelled water in the Bight Apex with an overflowing nutrient-rich warm water plume that originated in the Sandy Hook Bay and flowed south near the New Jersey shoreline. Additional comparison of remotely sensed thermal and optical properties of the water with shipboard measurements indicated that remotely sensed data may be particularly useful for studying physical and biological processes in the top several meters of surface water at the plume boundaries.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: American Society of Photogrammetry, Annual Meeting; Mar 09, 1980 - Mar 14, 1980; St. Louis, MO
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Segregation of acid plume pixels from background water pixels, signatures of background water and dispersed acid plumes, and implications for calculation of iron concentration in dense plumes (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Two files of data, obtained with a modular multiband scanner, for an acid waste dump into ocean water, were analyzed intensively. Signatures were derived for background water at different levels of effective sunlight intensity, and for different iron concentrations in the dispersed plume from the dump. The effect of increased sunlight intensity on the calculated iron concentration was found to be relatively important at low iron concentrations and relatively unimportant at high values of iron concentration in dispersed plumes. It was concluded that the basic equation for iron concentration is not applicable to dense plumes, particularly because lower values are indicated at the very core of the plume, than in the surrounding sheath, whereas radiances increase consistently from background water to dispersed plume to inner sheath to innermost core. It was likewise concluded that in the dense plume the iron concentration would probably best be measured by the higher wave length radiances, although the suitable relationship remains unknown.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-145372
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Theoretical nitric oxide production incidental to autoignition and combustion of several fuels homogeneously dispersed in air under some typical hypersonic flight conditions (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A reaction package of 100 chemical reactions and attendant reaction rate constants defined for the autoignition and combustion of four carbonaceous fuels, CH4, CH3OH, C2H6, and C2H5OH. Definition of the package was made primarily by means of comparison between trial calculations and experimental data for the autoignition of CH4. Autoignition and combustion of each of these four fuels was calculated under three sets of conditions realistic for hypersonic flight applications, for comparison to hydrogen fuel, particularly with respect to formation of nitric oxide. Results show that, for all of the fuels including hydrogen, if NO production is a significant problem, compromise must be made between approaching equilibrium heat release and approaching equilibrium NO concentration.
    Keywords: INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
    Type: NASA-CR-2455
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Quantitative mapping of particulate iron in an ocean dump using remotely sensed data (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: A remote sensing experiment was conducted at the industrial acid waste ocean dump site located approximately 38 n mi SE of Cape Henlopen, Delaware, to see if there was a relationship between aircraft remotely sensed spectral signatures and the iron concentration measured in the plume. Results are presented which show that aircraft remotely sensed spectral data can be used to quantify and map an acid waste dump in terms of its particulate iron concentration. A single variable equation using the ratio of band 2 (440-490 nm) radiance to band 4 (540-580 nm) radiance was used to quantify the acid plume and the surrounding water. The acid waste varied in age from freshly dumped to 3 1/2 hours old. Particulate iron concentrations in the acid waste were estimated to range up to 1.1 mg/liter at the 0.46 meter depth. A classification technique was developed to remove sunglitter-affected pixels from the data set.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Format: text
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