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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of introducing genetically engineered microorganisms on soil microbial community diversity (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 86 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Introducing the genetically engineered microorganism Pseudomonas cepacia AC1100 into soil microcosms resulted in elevated taxonomic diversity determined by phenotypic analyses of culturable isolates and genetic diversity determined by analysis of the heterogeneity of total microbial community DNA reannealing kinetics. The greatest impact occurred when P. cepacia AC1100 was introduced along with the herbicide 2,4,5-T, which P. cepacia AC1100 can degrade. The data suggests that both changes in the balance of populations and genetic recombination contributed to the increased diversity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1991.tb04806.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of Salmonella spp. in Oysters Using Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR) and Gene Probes (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 58 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA amplification method was used to identify oligonucleotide primers from a target gene, hns, to specifically detect SulmonelIu spp. in contaminated oysters. The primers for PCR amplification and a hybridizing oligonucleotide probe to detect the amplified DNA were specific for all Salmonella spp. tested. Modification of a procedure for extracting DNA from oyster tissue matrices followed by PCR amplification, and coupled with gene-probe hybridization detected 〈40 cells of seeded or naturally occurring Sulmonella spp./g of oyster meat samples without any enrichment step. The detection of SaZmonella spp. was reliable, sensitive, and required considerably less time than conventional microbiological culture methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb06146.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of introducing genetically engineered microorganisms on soil microbial community diversity (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 9 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1991.tb01749.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Arthrobacter nicotinovorans HIM, an atrazine-degrading bacterium, from agricultural soil New Zealand (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 52 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Arthrobacter nicotinovorans HIM was isolated directly from an agricultural sandy dune soil 6 months after a single application of atrazine. It grew in minimal medium with atrazine as sole nitrogen source but was unable to mineralize 14C-ring-labelled atrazine. Atrazine was degraded to cyanuric acid. In addition to atrazine the bacterium degraded simazine, terbuthylazine, propazine, cyanazine and prometryn but was unable to grow on terbumeton. When added to soil, A. nicotinovorans HIM did enhance mineralization of 14C-ring-labelled atrazine and simazine, in combination with naturally occurring cyanuric acid degrading microbes resident in the soil. Using PCR, the atrazine-degradation genes atzABC were identified in A. nicotinovorans HIM. Cloning of the atzABC genes revealed significant homology (〉99%) with the atrazine degradation genes of Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP. The atrazine degradation genes were held on a 96 kbp plasmid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsec.2004.11.012
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cold-tolerant alkane-degrading Rhodococcus species from Antarctica (2000)
    Springer
    Polar biology 23 (2000), S. 100-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Bioremediation is a possible mechanism for clean-up of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils in the Antarctic. Microbes indigenous to the Antarctic are required that degrade the hydrocarbon contaminants found in the soil, and that are able to survive and maintain activity under in situ conditions. Alkane- degrading bacteria previously isolated from oil-contaminated soil from around Scott Base, Antarctica, grew on a number of n-alkanes from hexane (C6) through to eicosane (C20) and the branched alkane pristane. Mineralization of 14C-dodecane was demonstrated with four strains. Representative isolates were identified as Rhodococcus species using 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Rhodococcus spp. strains 5/14 and 7/1 grew at −2°C but numbers of viable cells declined when incubated at 37°C. Both strains appear to have the major cold-shock gene cspA. Partial nucleotide sequence analyses of the PCR-amplified cspA open reading frame from Rhodococcus spp. strains 5/14 and 7/1 were approximately 60% identical to cspA from Escherichia coli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050014
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptive response to cold temperatures and characterization of cspA in Salmonella typhimurium LT2 (2000)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 77 (2000), S. 13-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Cold shock ; cspA ; PCR ; Salmonella typhimurium LT2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Salmonella typhimurium is a major foodborne microbial pathogen which primarily contaminates poultry products causing salmonellosis in humans. S. typhimurium LT2 cultures, when transferred from 37 °C to 5 °C or 10 °C, showed an initial lag period in growth with an approximate generation time of 10–25 h. Western blot assay using E. coli CS7.4 antibody and analysis of radiolabeled total cellular proteins from S. typhimurium cultures after exposure to 10 °C or 5 °C showed elevated expression of a major cold shock protein, CS7.4. Identification of a decreased level of CS7.4 at 37 °C suggests that the expression of this protein may require a large temperature downshift. Putative regulatory protein binding segment on the 5′-untranslated region referred as ‘Fragment 7’ in S. typhimurium exhibited a 90.6% and a 56.25% nucleotide sequence identity when compared with the Fragment 7 of E. coli and S. enteritidis, respectively. The differences in the nucleotide sequence within the Fragment 7 between S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis may explain the differential expression of CspA at 37 °C. The nucleotide sequence of the open reading frame of S. typhimurium cspA gene showed a single base difference at 816 bp position from a G to a C which altered the amino acid residue from a glycine to an alanine. In addition to CspA, an elevated expression of a 105 kDa, and decreased expression of 6 proteins were evidenced when cultures of S. typhimurium were exposed to 10 °C or 5 °C. Differential expression of the CspA and other proteins in S. typhimurium following exposure to cold temperatures suggest that adaptation and continued growth and survival at cold temperatures in this pathogen may be aided by these cold-responsive proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002055719798
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction and maintenance of prokaryotic DNA inUstilago violacea (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 5 (1990), S. 355-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Fungal transformation ; Ustilago violacea ; Plasmid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A strain of the basidiomycete,Ustilago violacea, was transformed with a prokaryotic plasmid, pMP4-1, which confers resistance to neomycin.U. violacea transformants were selected at a frequency of 5 per μg pMP4-1 DNA. Such transformants were at least 8-fold more resistant to neomycin than was the untransformed recipientU. violacea. Enzyme activity associated with the neomycin resistance gene was also found in the transformants. Southern DNA-DNA hybridization detected pMP4-1-derived sequences in both nuclear and mitochondrially-associated DNAs from transformants. The patterns of hybridization suggested integration of pMP4-1 sequences into the respective genomes. DNA from the nuclear fraction ofU. violacea transformants failed to produceE. coli transformants resistant to neomycin or to carbenicillin. In contrast, DNA from the mitochondrially-associated fraction inU. violacea transformants producedE. coli transformants resistant to neomycin. TheE. coli transformants contained a pMP4-1-derivative, pWP8, which was subsequently shown by Southern blot analysis to harborU. violacea mitochondrial DNA. Thus, a prokaryotic plasmid can be used to transform the eukaryoteU. violacea and acquire endogenous sequences from this organism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01578094
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth, Survival and Characterization of cspA in Salmonella enteritidis Following Cold Shock (1998)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 36 (1998), S. 29-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Salmonella enteritidis is a major foodborne microbial pathogen that can grow and survive at low temperatures for a considerable period of time. Increased survival was evidenced from a frozen S. enteritidis culture when treated at 10°C prior to freezing. Western blot analysis with Escherichia coli CspA antibody and analysis of radiolabeled proteins from S. enteritidis cultures after cold shock at 10°C and 5°C showed increased expression of a 7.4-kDa major cold shock protein, CS7.4, similar in size to that reported for E. coli. Cloning followed by nucleotide sequence analysis of the cspA gene from S. enteritidis showed a 100% nucleotide sequence identity in the promoter elements (−35 and −10) and the amino acid sequence encoded by the open reading frame (ORF) with the E. coli cspA gene. However, the differences in the nucleotide sequences between E. coli and S. enteritidis cspA genes in the putative repressor protein binding domain, the fragment 7, and in various segments throughout the upstream 0.642-kbp DNA may contribute to the expression of CS7.4 at less stringent temperatures in S. enteritidis. As in E. coli, the actual role of CS7.4 in protecting S. enteritidis from the damaging effects of cold or freezing temperatures is not yet understood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002849900275
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of Microbial Pathogens in Shellfish with Multiplex PCR (1998)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 37 (1998), S. 101-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Multiplex PCR amplification of uidA, cth, invA, ctx, and tl genes was developed enabling simultaneous detection in shellfish of Escherichia coli, an indicator of fecal contamination and microbial pathogens, Salmonella typhimurium, Vibrio vulnificus, V. cholerae, and V. parahaemolyticus, respectively. Each of the five pairs of oligonucleotide primers was found to support PCR amplifications of only its targeted gene. The optimized multiplex PCR reaction utilized a PCR reaction buffer containing 2.5 mM MgCl2 and primer annealing temperature of 55°C. Oyster tissue homogenate seeded with these microbial pathogens was subjected to DNA purification by the Chelex™ 100 (BioRad) method. The sensitivity of detection for each of the microbial pathogens was ≤101–102 cells following a “double” multiplex PCR amplification approach. Amplified target genes in a multiplex PCR reaction were subjected to a colorimetric GeneComb™ (BioRad) DNA-DNA hybridization assay. This assay was rapid and showed sensitivity of detection comparable to the agarose gel electrophoresis method. The colorimetric GeneComb™ assay avoids use of hazardous materials inherent in conventional gel electrophoresis and radioactive-based hybridization methods. Multiplex PCR amplification, followed by colorimetric GeneComb™ DNA-DNA hybridization, has been shown to be an effective, sensitive, and rapid method to detect microbial pathogens in shellfish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002849900346
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptive Response to Cold Temperatures in Vibrio vulnificus (1999)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 38 (1999), S. 168-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The effectiveness of rapid chilling or freezing of oysters to reduce Vibrio vulnificus levels in shellfish may be compromised by product handling procedures that permit cold adaptation. When a V. vulnificus culture was shifted from 35°C to 6°C conditions, it underwent transition to a non-culturable state. Cells adapted to 15°C prior to change to 6°C condition, however, remain viable and culturable. In addition, cultures adapted to 15°C were able to survive better upon freezing at −78°C compared with cultures frozen directly from 35°C. Inhibition of protein synthesis by addition of chloramphenicol in a V. vulnificus culture immediately prior to the exposure to the adaptive temperature eliminated inducible cold tolerance. These results suggest that cold-adaptive “protective” proteins may enhance survival and tolerance at cold temperatures. In addition, removal of iron from the growth medium by adding 2,2′-Dipyridyl prior to cold adaptation decreased the viability by approximately 2 logarithm levels. This suggests that iron plays an important role in adaptation at cold temperatures. Analysis of total cellular proteins on an SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, labeled with 35S-methionine during exposure at 15°C, showed elevated expressions of a 6-kDa and a 40-kDa protein and decreased expression of an 80-kDa protein. These results suggest that, for V. vulnificus, survival and tolerance at cold temperatures could be due to the expression of cold-adaptive proteins other than previously documented major cold shock proteins such as CS7.4 and CsdA. In this study, for the first time we have shown that exposure to an intermediate cold temperature (15°C) causes a cold adaptive response, helping this pathogen remain in culturable state when exposed to a much colder temperature (6°C). This adaptive nature to cold temperatures could be important for shellfish industry efforts to reduce the risk of V. vulnificus infection from consuming raw oysters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006782
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