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  • 1
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    Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits observed by the ALVIN submersible over the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the New England Seamounts (1977)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Heirtzler, James R; Taylor, P T; Ballard, R D; Houghton, R L (1977): A Visit to the New England Seamounts: Seamounts, one of the largest topographic features of the ocean floor are largely volcanic, yet their origin is obscure. American Scientist, 65(4), 466-472, http://www.jstor.org/stable/27847969
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: In the summer of 1974, upon returning to Woods Hole from the Azores, the submersible Alvin had the opportunity to make brief dives on Corner Rise and the New England seamount chain. This was the first time man had directly viewed the expanse of the Earth between the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the North of the American continent. Single dives were made on seven seamounts: Corner Rise and Nashville, Gilliss, Rehoboth, Manning, Balanus, and Mytilus.
    Keywords: ALV-518; ALV-519; ALV-520; ALV-521; ALV-522; ALV-523; ALV-524; ALV-525; ALV-526; ALV-527; ALV-528; ALV-529; ALV-530; ALV-532; ALV-533; ALV-534; ALV-537; ALV-538; ALV-539; ALV-540; ALV-541; ALV-542; ALV-543; ALV74; Alvin; Atlantic Ocean; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Elevation of event; Event label; Grab; GRAB; Identification; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; Method/Device of event; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sediment type; Substrate type; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 161 data points
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  • 2
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    Observation of manganese deposits in the Gulf of Maine by the ALVIN submersible in 1971-1972 (1974)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Keywords: AL34200; AL34900; AL42100; AL42300; AL42700; AL43100; AL44500; ALV342; ALV-342; ALV349; ALV-349; ALV421; ALV-421; ALV423; ALV-423; ALV427; ALV-427; ALV431; ALV-431; ALV445; ALV-445; Alvin; Comment; Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; Event label; Grab; GRAB; Gulf of Maine, Atlantic Ocean; Identification; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sediment type; Substrate type; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 55 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    Observation of manganese deposits on the East Pacific Rise during the CYAMEX-RITA expedition (1981)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Cyamex Scientific Team; Francheteau, Jean; Needham, H D; Choukroune, P; Juteau, Thierry; Séguret, Marie J M; Ballard, R D; Fox, P J; Normark, William R; Carranza, A; Cordoba, D; Guerrero, Gerardo; Rangin, Claude (1981): First manned submersible dives on the East Pacific Rise at 21�N (project RITA): General results. Marine Geophysical Research, 4(4), 345-379, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00286034
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: A submersible study has been conducted in February - March 1978 at the axis of the East Pacific Rise near 21°N. The expedition CYAMEX, the first submersible program to be conducted on the East Pacific Rise, is part of the French-American-Mexican project RITA (Rivera - Tamayo), a 3-year study devoted to detailed geological and geophysical investigations of the East Pacific Rise Crest. On the basis of the 15 dives made by CYANA in the axial area of the Rise, a morphological and tectonic zonation can be established for this moderately-fast spreading center. A narrow, 0.6 to 1.2 km wide zone of extrusion (zone 1), dominated by young lava flows, is flanked by a highly fissured and faulted zone of extension (zone 2) with a width of 1 to 2 km. Further out, zone 3 is dominated by outward tilted blocks bounded by inward-facing fault scarps. Active or recent faults extend up to 12 km from the axis of extrusion of the East Pacific Rise. This represents the first determination from direct field evidence of the width of active tectonism associated with an accreting plate boundary. Massive sulfide deposits, made principally of zinc, copper and iron, were found close to the axis of the Rise. Other signs of the intense hydrothermal activity included the discovery of benthic fauna of giant size similar to that found at the axis of the Galapagos Rift. We emphasize the cyclic character of the volcanicity. The main characteristics of the geology of this segment of the East Pacific Rise can be explained by the thermal structure at depth below this moderately-fast spreading center. The geological observations are compatible with the existence of a shallow magma reservoir centered at the axis of the Rise with a half-width of the order of 10 km.
    Keywords: CY78-16DF; CY78-17V; CY78-18V; CYAMEX; Cyana (Submersible); Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; East Pacific Rise; Event label; Identification; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; OBSE; Observation; Position; Quantity of deposit; Sediment sample; Sediment type; SES; Substrate type; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 21 data points
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  • 4
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    Observation of manganese deposits on the East Pacific Rise during the CYAMEX-RITA expedition (1980)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Juteau, Thierry; Eissen, Jean-Philippe; Francheteau, Jean; Needham, David; Choukroune, P; Rangin, Claude; Séguret, Marie J M; Ballard, R D; Fox, P J; Normark, William R; Carranza, A; Cordoba, D; Guerrero, J (1980): Homogeneous basalts from the East Pacific Rise at 21° N: seady state magma reservoirs at moderately fast spreading centers. Oceanologica Acta, 3(4), 487-503, https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00323/43430/
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-28
    Description: Forty basaltic rocks collected by submersible during the Cyamex expedition (1978) on the East PacifIc Rise at 21°N, a moderately fast spreading segment (6 cm/year opening rate) of the mid-ocean ridge, consist of angular pillow fragments and glass buds, sheet-flow slabs and samples of columnar pillars standing in collapsed fossillava pools. Most of the rocks are from the crestal are a of the Rise. The collection shows a striking petrographic homogeneity wh en compared with the range of basalts found on other segments of midocean ridges: olivine-phyric, or highly plagioclase-phyric rocks, so common in the slowspreading Famous are a in the Atlantic, are absent. All samples are typical lowpotassium oceanic tholeiites with a limited fractionation trend. Pillow-lavas, thin and thick sheet-flows cannot be distinguished by their major element compositions, as in the Galapagos rift which has the same spreading rate as the EPR at 21°N. Further, ferrobasalts have been described from the Galapagos rift, but do not appear in the Cyamex rocks. In the Cyamex area, olivine and plagioclase are the main silicate phases, and clinopyroxene is absent. In the pillows and sheet-flow samples, four generations of olivine and plagioclase crystals are distinguished. Samples from the fossillava pools are aphyric. The corresponding magma batches are presumed to have migrated rapidly through the magma chamber, and to have been extruded in large volumes, possibly during episodes ofhigh instantaneous opening rate. Fe-Ni and Fe-Cu-rich sulphide phases are common in an lava types as massive globules scatterred through the glass, or as microglobules decorating the walls of empty vesicles. Palagonite and Fe-Mn oxide thicknesses across the strike of the Rise indicate relative ages compatible with successive extrusions at the Rise axis.
    Keywords: CY-78-07-12D; CY-78-10-17D; CY-78-10-18D; CY-78-11-26D; CY-78-12-35D; CY-78-13-42D; CY-78-13-43D; CY-78-13-44D; CY-78-15-55D; CY-78-15-56D; CY-78-16-57D; CY-78-16-58D; CY-78-17-60D; CY-78-17-61D; CY-78-18-63D; CY-78-18-65D; CY-78-18-66D; CY-78-19-69D; CY-78-20-76D; CYAMEX; Cyana (Submersible); Deposit type; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Description; East Pacific Rise; Elevation of event; Event label; Identification; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database; NOAA-MMS; Percentage; Position; ROBA; Robotic arm; Sediment type; Substrate type; Visual description
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 108 data points
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Angus/Argo study of the neovolcanic zone along the East Pacific rise from the Clipperton fracture zone to 12°N (1988)
    Springer
    Geo-marine letters 8 (1988), S. 131-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1157
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Still photographs and video images collected along the Neovolcanic Zone of the East Pacific Rise from 10°15′N to 11°53′N show that recent volcanic sheet flows, possibly less than 100 years old, are superimposed on an older sediment-laden pillow terrane. This recent activity is restricted to a narrow zone that crosses two topographic highs at 10°55′N and 11°26′N and diminishes along-axis away from these highs. The association of recent sheet flows with older flows and collapse structures on the overlapping spreading centers at 11°45′N supports the evolutionary model for the occurrence and evolution of overlapping spreading centers by MacDonald and others (1986, 1988).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02326089
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inner floor of the Rift Valley: first submersible study (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 250 (1974), S. 558-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 Topographic cross section of the Rift Valley near 36° 50'N, based on surface-ship data2, showing the setting of the Inner Floor in the area of the Archimede dives (Fig. 2). Needham and Francheteau2 showed that, in the area visited by Archimsde, steep, inward facing slopes of the deepest ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/250558a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Massive deep-sea sulphide ore deposits discovered on the East Pacific Rise (1979)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 277 (1979), S. 523-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Massive ore-grade zinc, copper and iron sulphide deposits have been found at the axis of the East Pacific Rise. Although their presence on the deep ocean-floor had been predicted there was no supporting observational evidence. The East Pacific Rise deposits represent a modern analogue of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/277523a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intense hydrothermal activity at the axis of the east pacific rise near 13°N: Sumbersible witnesses the growth of sulfide chimney (1983)
    Springer
    Marine geophysical researches 6 (1983), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0581
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A submersible study of a fast spreading (12 cm yr-1) Mid-Ocean ridge segment (East Pacific Rise near 12°50′ N) led to the discovery of intense hydrothermal activity. Twenty four sites with active vents and sixty inactive hydrothermal deposits were found within a narrow graben averaging about 300 m in width along a 20 km long segment of the ridge crest. The graben is floored with fresh basaltic sheet flows including collapsed pits or lava lake structures. From both deep towed camera stations and manned submersible observations, it is estimated that the average spacing between the ridge axis hydrothermal deposits averaging in size 10–50 m in diameter lies between 100 to 200 m. The hydrothermal deposits found in the central graben are believed to have formed rapidly (on the order of a few decades). Detailed investigations of one active site have enabled us to witness the growth of an active chimney which increased its height by 40 cm in 5 days i.e. 8 cm per day. Extensive hydrothermal deposits were discovered on an off-axis seamount located 6 km East of the ridge axis. The hydrothermal deposits found on both the ridge axis and on the seamount are similar in composition and consist essentially of zinc, copper and iron mineral phases. Chemical studies conducted on the venting fluids (320°C) showed that the concentration of the dissolved major metal ions (Fe, Mn, and Zn) is about 0.10–0.13 gl-1. If we accept an average flow rate of 10ls-1 based on visual observations the mass of metallic products spewing out from an active chimney must be about 100 kg per day.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300395
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First manned submersible dives on the East Pacific Rise at 21°N (project RITA): General results (1981)
    Springer
    Marine geophysical researches 4 (1981), S. 345-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0581
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A submersible study has been conducted in February–March 1978 at the axis of the East Pacific Rise near 21°N. The expedition CYAMEX, the first submersible program to be conducted on the East Pacific Rise, is part of the French-American-Mexican project RITA (Rivera-Tamayo), a 3-year study devoted to detailed geological and geophysical investigations of the East Pacific Rise Crest. On the basis of the 15 dives made by CYANA in the axial area of the Rise, a morphological and tectonic zonation can be established for this moderately-fast spreading center. A narrow, 0.6 to 1.2 km wide zone of extrusion (zone 1), dominated by young lava flows, is flanked by a highly fissured and faulted zone of extension (zone 2) with a width of 1 to 2 km. Further out, zone 3 is dominated by outward tilted blocks bounded by inward-facing fault scarps. Active or recent faults extend up to 12 km from the axis of extrusion of the East Pacific Rise. This represents the first determination from direct field evidence of the width of active tectonism associated with an accreting plate boundary. Massive sulfide deposits, made principally of zinc, copper and iron, were found close to the axis of the Rise. Other signs of the intense hydrothermal activity included the discovery of benthic fauna of gian size similar to that found at the axis of the Galapagos Rift. We emphasize the cyclic character of the volcanicity. The main characteristics of the geology of this segment of the East Pacific Rise can be explained by the thermal structure at depth below this moderately-fast spreading center. The geological observations are compatible with the existence of a shallow magma reservoir centered at the axis of the Rise with a half-width of the order of 10 km.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286034
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  • 10
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    An Angus/Argo study of the neovolcanic zone along the East Pacific rise from the Clipperton fracture zone to 12°N (1988)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0276-0460
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1157
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
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