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  • 1
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    Analgesic drug delivery [Neuroscience] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-18
    Description: Selective targeting of sensory or nociceptive neurons in peripheral nerves remains a clinically desirable goal. Delivery of promising analgesic drugs is often impeded by the perineurium, which functions as a diffusion barrier attributable to tight junctions. We used perineurial injection of hypertonic saline as a tool to open the perineurial barrier transiently in rats and elucidated the molecular action principle in mechanistic detail: Hypertonic saline acts via metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). The noncatalytic hemopexin domain of MMP9 binds to the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1, triggers phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and induces down-regulation of the barrier-forming tight junction protein claudin-1. Perisciatic injection of any component of this pathway, including MMP9 hemopexin domain or claudin-1 siRNA, enables an opioid peptide ([D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin) and a selective sodium channel (NaV1.7)-blocking toxin (ProToxin-II) to exert antinociceptive effects without motor impairment. The latter, as well as the classic TTX, blocked compound action potentials in isolated nerves only after disruption of the perineurial barrier, which, in return, allowed endoneurally released calcitonin gene-related peptide to pass through the nerve sheaths. Our data establish the function and regulation of claudin-1 in the perineurium as the major sealing component, which could be modulated to facilitate drug delivery or, potentially, reseal the barrier under pathological conditions.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Phreatophytic vegetation responses to groundwater depth in a drying mediterranean-type landscape (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-04
    Description: Questions Does the plant hydrotype composition of phreatophytic vegetation alter with drawdown of the water table? Can alternative states of phreatophytic vegetation be identified, and do they persist despite a multi-decadal drying of a mediterranean-type landscape? Location Field study, coastal sandy plain, Gnangara Groundwater System, south-western Australia. Methods We used a data set spanning 35 yr to determine alternative states of phreatophytic vegetation and how they relate to spatial variation and temporal change in hydrological habitat. Multivariate regression trees (MRT) were used to identify the range in depth to groundwater associated with vegetation states (characteristic hydrotype compositions). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to predict the proportional representation of each hydrotype. Hydrotype compositions of recent observations were correlated against modelled values derived from historic observations to test whether the relationship between vegetation states and supporting hydrological habitats remains valid after significant decline in the water table. Results The MRT analyses for the historic and recent observations produced a main split criterion at 2.0 and 2.9 m groundwater depth, respectively, essentially dividing records into those dominated by hydrophytes or xerophytes. No hydrophytes were present at groundwater depths 〉10.5 m (〉8.5 m for recent observations), where xerophytes and generalists were dominant. Only extreme groundwater depths were dominated by a single hydrotype class (hydrophytes or xerophytes), while intermediate clusters represented a transition across the hydrotype classes. The logistic regressions of the proportion of hydrotypes as a function of groundwater depth resulted in good fits for hydrophytes and xerophytes only. Conclusions Vegetation states were consistent over 35 yr of progressive increase in depth to water table. Distribution of alternative states along a gradient in groundwater depths was exponential and was reflected in the distribution of hydrophytes and mesophytes. The ranges of groundwater depths at which individual states occur suggest that as groundwater depth increases, the degree of habitat specificity decreases. The narrow range of groundwater depths within which hydrophytes and mesophytes are dominant suggests that small changes in depth could lead to transitions between states. With ongoing drying of the landscape, persistence of these vegetation states can be expected to diminish. With reduction in rainfall and increased used of groundwater resources, ecosystem managers may question whether plant hydrotype composition of phreatophytic vegetation alters with drawdown of the water table. In this paper a data set spanning 35 yr was used to determine the alternative states of phreatophytic vegetation and how they relate to spatial variation and temporal change in hydrological habitat.
    Print ISSN: 1100-9233
    Electronic ISSN: 1654-1103
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The International Association for Vegetation Science (IAVS).
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  • 3
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    Importance of AMPA receptors for hippocampal synaptic plasticity but not for spatial learning (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-12
    Description: Gene-targeted mice lacking the L-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA) receptor subunit GluR-A exhibited normal development, life expectancy, and fine structure of neuronal dendrites and synapses. In hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, GluR-A-/- mice showed a reduction in functional AMPA receptors, with the remaining receptors preferentially targeted to synapses. Thus, the CA1 soma-patch currents were strongly reduced, but glutamatergic synaptic currents were unaltered; and evoked dendritic and spinous Ca2+ transients, Ca2+-dependent gene activation, and hippocampal field potentials were as in the wild type. In adult GluR-A-/- mice, associative long-term potentiation (LTP) was absent in CA3 to CA1 synapses, but spatial learning in the water maze was not impaired. The results suggest that CA1 hippocampal LTP is controlled by the number or subunit composition of AMPA receptors and show a dichotomy between LTP in CA1 and acquisition of spatial memory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zamanillo, D -- Sprengel, R -- Hvalby, O -- Jensen, V -- Burnashev, N -- Rozov, A -- Kaiser, K M -- Koster, H J -- Borchardt, T -- Worley, P -- Lubke, J -- Frotscher, M -- Kelly, P H -- Sommer, B -- Andersen, P -- Seeburg, P H -- Sakmann, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 11;284(5421):1805-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Max-Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10364547" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Bicuculline/pharmacology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Dendrites/physiology/ultrastructure ; GABA Antagonists/pharmacology ; Gene Expression ; Gene Targeting ; Genes, Immediate-Early ; Glutamic Acid/pharmacology/physiology ; Hippocampus/cytology/physiology ; Long-Term Potentiation/*physiology ; *Maze Learning ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Receptors, AMPA/genetics/*physiology ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/physiology ; Synapses/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Synaptic Transmission
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    A family of AMPA-selective glutamate receptors (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-08-03
    Description: Four cloned cDNAs encoding 900-amino acid putative glutamate receptors with approximately 70 percent sequence identity were isolated from a rat brain cDNA library. In situ hybridization revealed differential expression patterns of the cognate mRNAs throughout the brain. Functional expression of the cDNAs in cultured mammalian cells generated receptors displaying alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)-selective binding pharmacology (AMPA = quisqualate greater than glutamate greater than kainate) as well as cation channels gated by glutamate, AMPA, and kainate and blocked by 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Keinanen, K -- Wisden, W -- Sommer, B -- Werner, P -- Herb, A -- Verdoorn, T A -- Sakmann, B -- Seeburg, P H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 3;249(4968):556-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, University of Heidelberg, F.R.G.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2166337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Brain/*metabolism/physiology ; Glutamates/metabolism/pharmacology ; Ibotenic Acid/analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology ; Kainic Acid/pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Multigene Family ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Organ Specificity ; Oxadiazoles/pharmacology ; Oxazoles/*pharmacology ; Quisqualic Acid ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Rats ; Receptors, Glutamate ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/drug effects/*genetics/physiology ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Flip and flop: a cell-specific functional switch in glutamate-operated channels of the CNS (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-09-28
    Description: In the central nervous system (CNS), the principal mediators of fast synaptic excitatory neurotransmission are L-glutamate-gated ion channels that are responsive to the glutamate agonist alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA). In each member of a family of four abundant AMPA receptors, a small segment preceding the predicted fourth transmembrane region has been shown to exist in two versions with different amino acid sequences. These modules, designated "flip" and "flop," are encoded by adjacent exons of the receptor genes and impart different pharmacological and kinetic properties on currents evoked by L-glutamate or AMPA, but not those evoked by kainate. For each receptor, the alternatively spliced messenger RNAs show distinct expression patterns in rat brain, particularly in the CA1 and CA3 fields of the hippocampus. These results identify a switch in the molecular and functional properties of glutamate receptors operated by alternative splicing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sommer, B -- Keinanen, K -- Verdoorn, T A -- Wisden, W -- Burnashev, N -- Herb, A -- Kohler, M -- Takagi, T -- Sakmann, B -- Seeburg, P H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Sep 28;249(4976):1580-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Center for Molecular Biology, University of Heidelberg, F.R.G.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1699275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Brain/*metabolism ; DNA/genetics ; Exons ; Genomic Library ; Glutamates/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Ibotenic Acid/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism/pharmacology ; Ion Channels/*physiology ; Kinetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Organ Specificity ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics ; Rats ; Receptors, AMPA ; Receptors, Glutamate ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/drug effects/*genetics/physiology ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    COMPARISON OF FARMERS' MARKET, AND SUPERMARKET PRODUCE: TOMATOES AND BELL PEPPERS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 44 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Undergraduate students made flavor and appearance ratings of tomatoes and bell peppers purchased from certified farmers' market suppliers and from supermarkets in the same cities. Tomatoes from the farmers' markets were less expensive, those from the supermarkets were more attractive, and there was no difference in flavor preference in double-blind taste trials. Bell peppers from a certified farmers' market were preferred in double-blind flavor trials over bell peppers from supermarkets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1979.tb06465.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excitation of the 2p level in atomic hydrogen by He^+ and H^+ impact between 70 and 700 keV
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters A 136 (1989), S. 55-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0375-9601
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0375-9601(89)90676-2
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oscillator matrix elements with inclusion of the tensor force derived directly from nucleon-nucleon phase shifts
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Physics, Section A 241 (1975), S. 1-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 0375-9474
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0375-9474(75)90360-7
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deuteron electrodisintegration at high energy and momentum transfer
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Physics, Section A 308 (1978), S. 263-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 0375-9474
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0375-9474(78)90551-1
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On numerical bessel transformation
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Computer Physics Communications 35 (1984), S. C-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 0010-4655
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Computer Science , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0010-4655(84)82725-3
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