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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High fluence laser ablation of aluminum targets: Time-of-flight mass analysis of plasmas produced at wavelengths 532 and 355 nm (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 533-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 52.50 ; 07.75 ; 81.60. — Z
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report on Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (TOFMS) analysis of plasmas produced in laser ablation of Al targets. We used both the second (532 nm) and third (355 nm) harmonic of a Nd: YAG laser system, carrying out the investigation in a regime of relatively high laser fluence (up to 70 J/cm2), where the production of ionized species in the plume is maximized. We present TOF mass spectra of ions in the laser-produced plasma, and a detailed analysis of the relative abundance of different charged species as a function of the laser fluence. The presence of single, doubly and triply ionized Al atoms has been observed and the fluence threshold for their production is reported. We also studied the total ion and electron yield at different laser fluences, its saturation above specific energy densities, and singly ionized cluster-ions produced in the laser plasma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01571689
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling of UV pulsed-laser ablation of metallic targets (1999)
    Springer
    Applied physics 69 (1999), S. 323-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 79.20.D; 52.50.J
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. A model to describe the laser ablation of metallic targets is presented. It accounts for the main physical processes involved in the laser–solid–plasma interaction by considering the photon absorption and the ionization mechanisms that are active in the plasma, as well as the laser-produced plasma kinetics. The model is used to simulate the laser ablation of aluminum targets irradiated with a 6-ns UV laser pulse at 0.35 μm, and the results are compared with experimental findings. Calculations show that all the investigated plasma parameters strongly depend on the laser intensity until a roll-off is reached at irradiance ≥1.5 GW cm-2. The satisfactorily good agreement between model predictions and experimental findings confirms that laser–plasma interaction processes and plasma kinetics play a relevant role during nanosecond laser ablation of metals in the laser intensity range of concern in this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390051008
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of fast electron emission in UV laser ablation of metallic targets (1999)
    Springer
    Applied physics 69 (1999), S. S483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 79.20.D; 52.50.J
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We report on prompt emission of fast electrons occurring during nanosecond excimer laser ablation of aluminum targets in vacuum. We have measured both the kinetic energy distribution and the energy-integrated time-of-flight distribution of these electrons, in the fluence range 1–10 J cm-2. Moreover, at higher laser fluences, the yield of prompt electrons and the most probable kinetic energy as a function of the laser pulse fluence have also been obtained by charge collection and time-of-flight measurements. The experimental data show that the prompt electrons are produced during the laser pulse as a consequence of two-photon processes, and that space-charge effects influence the photo-emitted electron kinetic energy leading to prompt electrons with most probable kinetic energies up to ≈15 eV, in the investigated fluence range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390051446
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser ablation of Pb(Ti0.48Zr0.52)O3 target: Characterization and evolution of charged species (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 494-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Time-of-flight mass spectrometry and covariance mapping technique were used to investigate the formation of charged species in the laser ablation of a Pb(Ti0.48Zr0.52)O3 target. Mass spectra were taken both in high vacuum and in an oxygen environment in order to clarify the effect of oxygen on the plume composition. The analysis of charged species in the plume has been carried out as a function of the distance between the target and spectrometer axis. The relative abundance of atomic, monoxide, and heavy ions has been measured and discussed. The velocities of atomic ions in the laser plume have been evaluated. Pb transport from target to substrate has been found to be mainly due to Pb-containing heavy species, whose abundance is greater in an oxygen environment with respect to a high vacuum condition. Ionic yield and covariance mapping analysis indicate that oxidation of ablated material starts at a distance very close to the plume range. The data show that, close to the deposition distance, a significant fraction of the plume is composed of heavy species containing Pb and oxides. These are appropriate precursors for the stoichiometric growth of ferroelectric films. The oxides are important carriers of oxygen atoms, and the Pb-containing heavy species preserve the metal stoichiometry with respect to Pb, which is the most volatile element in the composition. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360781
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnostics of YBa2Cu3O7−δ laser plume by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 8077-8087 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The time-of-flight mass spectrometry has been used to investigate the formation of charged species in the laser ablation of YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) target. Mass spectra were taken both in high vacuum and in oxygen environment for two values of the laser energy density (0.74 and 2.5 J cm−2). The analysis of the charged species in the plume has been carried out as a function of the distance between the target and the spectrometer axis and the relative abundance of Cu, Y, Ba, CuO, YO, and BaO ions has been measured and discussed. In this paper the formation of heavy species and YBCO clusters is also discussed. The plume range has been evaluated as a function of the absorbed energy at a distance from the target plane close to that one at which good quality high Tc superconducting films are obtained, the plume composition has been found to be characterized by the presence of a series of oxide clusters originating from the interaction between the ablated material and the environmental oxygen. This confirms that the interaction between the plume and the environmental oxygen plays an important role both in the formation of heavy charged species and in the capture of the oxygen required to obtain the correct stoichiometric composition of the deposited film. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357856
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response to "Comment on ‘Emission of prompt electrons during excimer laser ablation of aluminum targets' " [Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 248 (2000)] (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 249-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In a comment on our recent letter, Hong and Lu questioned that the sharp peak in the time-of-flight (TOF) signal observed during laser ablation of the Al target in vacuum was due to photoelectrons produced by laser target interaction. In particular, they claimed that very similar signals have been observed during KrF excimer laser ablation of Cu targets in ambient air at a laser fluence of 9.2 J cm−2 and with a probe placed at 0.75 and 1.8 mm apart from the target surface. In a recent article, such signals have been ascribed to plasma induced electric fields at early stages of the laser ablation process, when the emitted electrons and positive ions are in fast dynamics. We wish to point out that the analogy between the two electric signals is only apparent. In fact, the experimental approach by Lu and Hong is based on the detection of electromagnetic signals due to the emitting dipole formed by electrons and ions in the plume. This is realized by a tiny metal probe put nearby the target (〈1 cm). Both the r−2 dependence of the signal amplitude (r being the probe distance) and the independence of the peak position on r ensure that the signal they observed was due to electromagnetic radiation. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.125719
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emission of prompt electrons during excimer laser ablation of aluminum targets (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 7-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on prompt emission of fast electrons occurring during xenon–fluoride (351 nm) laser ablation of aluminum targets in the nanosecond regime. We have measured both the kinetic energy distribution and the energy-integrated time-of-flight distribution of these electrons. Experimental data evidence that the energetic electrons are produced during the laser pulse as a consequence of two-photon processes, and that space-charge effects influence the photoemitted electron kinetic energy, leading to prompt electrons kinetic energy distributions extending up to (approximate)15 eV. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.124259
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal and nonthermal ion emission during high-fluence femtosecond laser ablation of metallic targets (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 3728-3730 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated the emission of positive ions from metallic targets irradiated with intense, ultrashort laser pulses ((approximate)120 fs) at 780 nm, in both S and P polarized states. The measured energy spectra show the presence of a nonthermal, high-energy (several keV) ion component accompanying low-energy ions (tens of eV) produced by a thermal mechanism. The yield of the high-energy component shows a strong dependence on both laser fluence and light polarization. For the low-energy component a higher ablation efficiency was observed for P polarization, and ascribed to a more effective absorption mechanism active during the laser–target interaction. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1329869
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High fluence laser ablation of aluminum targets: Time-of-flight mass analysis of plasmas produced at wavelengths 532 and 355 nm (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 533-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 52.50; 07.75; 81.60. ; Z
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  We report on Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (TOFMS) analysis of plasmas produced in laser ablation of Al targets. We used both the second (532 nm) and third (355 nm) harmonic of a Nd: YAG laser system, carrying out the investigation in a regime of relatively high laser fluence (up to 70 J/cm2), where the production of ionized species in the plume is maximized. We present TOF mass spectra of ions in the laser-produced plasma, and a detailed analysis of the relative abundance of different charged species as a function of the laser fluence. The presence of single, doubly and triply ionized Al atoms has been observed and the fluence threshold for their production is reported. We also studied the total ion and electron yield at different laser fluences, its saturation above specific energy densities, and singly ionized cluster-ions produced in the laser plasma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01571689
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Charged-species characterization in laser ablation of borocarbide targets (2000)
    Springer
    Applied physics 71 (2000), S. 215-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 74.70.Dd; 52.50.Jm; 52.75.Rx
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We report the experimental characterization of the charged species produced in excimer laser ablation of a superconducting intermetallic compound (YNi2B2C). By using energy-selective time-of-flight mass spectrometry, we have obtained direct measurements of both mass spectra and kinetic energy distributions of ions. The investigation has been carried out in the laser fluence range 1–5 J cm-2, which is typical of laser ablation thin film deposition. High kinetic energies of the charged component (up to 0.4 keV) have been observed even at moderate laser fluences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050056
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