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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Logistic regression using SAS : theory and application (2012)
    Cary, NC : SAS Publ.
    Details Availability
    Call number: PIK M 311-13-0179
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1 Introduction ; 2 Binary Logistic Regression with PROC LOGISTIC: Basics ; 3 Binary Logistic Regression: Details and Options ; 4 Logit Analysis of Contingency Tables ; 5 Multinomial Logit Analysis ; 6 Logistic Regression for Ordered Categories ; 7 Discrete Choice Analysis ; 8 Logit Analysis of Longitudinal and Other Clustered Data ; 9 Regression for Count Data ; 10 Loglinear Analysis of Contingency Tables
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VIII, 339 S. : graph. Darst.
    Edition: 2. ed.
    ISBN: 9781599946412
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A direct-current Penning surface-plasma source : Proceedings of 5th international conference on ion sources (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 1176-1178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: After developing a pulsed 8X source for H− beams, we are now testing a cooled, dc version. The design dc power density on the cathode surface is 900 W/cm2, much higher than achieved in any previously reported Penning surface-plasma source. The source is designed to accommodate dc arc power levels up to 30 kW by cooling the electrode surfaces with pressurized, hot water. After striking the arc using a 600-V pulser, a 350-V dc power supply is switched in to sustain the 100-V discharge. Now our tests are concentrating on arc pulse lengths ≤1 s. Ultimately, the discharge will be operated dc. The source is described and the initial arc test results are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145049
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    H− temperature dependences in a Penning surface-plasma source : Proceedings of the fourth International Conference on Ion Sources (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 2723-2725 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Simple analysis of the nearly Maxwellian angular distributions of the ribbon H− ion beams extracted from a long, narrow slit on the 8X source yields the H− temperature, kTH−. The derived kTH− are 0.1–0.3 eV for a 2-A dc discharge and 0.7–1.3 eV for a 400-A pulsed discharge. Because this diagnostic method relies on simple electronic techniques, it allows rapid study of the dependences of kTH− on the source parameters, such as gas flow and discharge current. These variations of kTH− in the 8X source are qualitatively similar to those observed for the H-atom temperature, kTH0, in the 4X source, another Penning surface-plasma source.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142835
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of a biased beam dump on H− beam neutralization measurements with a four-grid energy analyzer : International conference on ion sources (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 616-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A four-grid energy analyzer diagnostic has been developed for the study of H− beam space-charge compensation, and first measurements have been reported previously. Biased beam-dump measurements were undertaken to clarify the origin of electron currents measured in the FGA because they far exceeded predictions based on H−-beam ionization and stripping processes. This experiment partially explains the anomalously large radial electron current. The FGA observations for negative beam-dump bias suggest electron ionization of the background gas is an additional mechanism for producing positive ions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141935
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    H− and D− scaling laws for Penning surface-plasma sources (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 123-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The small-angle source (SAS), 4X source, and 8X source are Penning surface-plasma sources that produce high-current, high-brightness H− ion beams for accelerator applications. The scaling from the SAS (1X source) to the 4X source, and from the 4X source to the 8X source is at least as good as predicted by the scaling laws. In many instances, the scaling is better than predicted, particularly in the critical area of the efficiency with which H− ions are produced per unit of discharge power. Using ζ=jH−/FC, where FC is the cathode power density load, ζ4X≈2ζSAS and ζ8X≈1.5ζ4X. The jH− scaling is at least as good as predicted by the scaling laws—we have been able to produce the predicted H− current in both the 4X and the 8X sources. The SAS was scaled up in size to the 4X source, and the 4X source was scaled up in size to the 8X source, on the assumption that the effective kTH−=5 eV. We also assume that the effective kTH−=the effective kTD−. These temperature scalings appear to be obeyed. The D− current scaling appears to be even better than assumed, namely, jD−≈jH−.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144783
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron suppression in the H− beam from a Penning surface-plasma source (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 1394-1397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The ratio of electrons to negative ions extracted from Penning surface-plasma sources such as the 8X source is low even before any further steps are taken to suppress the electrons. For the 8X source the e−/H− ratio is typically four or five to one for H− operation and nine to one for D− operation. Because the coextracted e− present a power-loading problem to the 8X-source extraction system, methods to dissipate and/or reduce the power in the e− beam must be developed before extracting a dc H− or D− beam. Thus, we systematically varied the geometry of a cylindrical collar installed in the near-extraction region of the 8X source. The observed dependence of the extracted e− and H− currents on the collar radii and lengths suggests that a conical collar would provide superior electron suppression. The conical collar that we tested lowered the e−/H− ratio to 0.9/1 without reducing the extracted H− current.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144049
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    H− temperature measurements by a slit diagnostic technique (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 62 (1991), S. 2314-2317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: H− ion beams are extracted at 5–25 kV from a long, narrow slit on a Penning surface-plasma source (the 8X source). The extraction geometry produces negligible transverse electric fields (focusing effects) along the slit length. Therefore, the ion angular spread reflects the distribution of ion energies at the plasma surface. The angular distributions are measured with an electric-sweep emittance scanner whose slits are oriented normal to the long dimension of the emission slit. The nearly Maxwellian angular distributions measured over the central portions of the ribbon beam give kTH− of 0.1–0.2 eV for a 2-A dc discharge and 0.8–1.0 eV for 350–500 A pulsed discharges. This diagnostic technique has sufficient position resolution to allow measurement of the kTH− spatial distributions. It also allows study of the kTH− dependencies on ion source parameters (e.g., increasing the H2 gas flow lowers kTH−).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142291
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of a simple method for chopping Penning surface-plasma source H− beams (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1024-1027 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Accumulator rings proposed for use in high-intensity spallation-neutron sources require a chopped beam with ∼100-ns-wide particle-free gaps at 1–2 MHz rates, with fall and rise times ≤20 ns. Chopping the beam directly in the ion source may be an attractive way to provide the desired beam structure. Previous measurements showed that placing a grounded collar in the drift region just before the emission aperture lowers the e−/H− ratio in the Penning surface-plasma source H− beam. We electrically isolated the collar and biased it to modulate the extracted H− current. Positive collar bias decreases the H− beam by up to 90%. The fastest H− current fall and rise times achieved to date are 400 ns and 2 μs, respectively. The current fall time is close to the 300-ns pulser rise time. The current rise time is considerably longer than the 500-ns pulser fall time. Negative collar bias lowers the H− beam by up to 50%. Simulations indicate that the beam time structure will be preserved in transport from the ion source to the radio-frequency quadrupole entrance. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146039
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial distributions of the emitting species in a Penning surface-plasma source (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 62 (1991), S. 2307-2313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Using optical spectroscopy we study the spatial and temporal distributions of the Hα, Cs i(4555 A(ring)), Cs ii(4604 A(ring)), and Mo i(3903 A(ring)) emission lines in a Penning surface-plasma source (SPS). A diagnostic slit exposes the entire SPS discharge gap either parallel or perpendicular to the magnetic field. The spatial and temporal distributions of the emitting species are recorded using a 1-m monochromator. In addition, the visible light and the Hα and Cs ii(4604 A(ring)) spatial distributions are recorded with a video camera. The cesium atomic and ionic light, and the molybdenum atomic light, is strongly concentrated near the cathodes; the visible light and the Hα light is almost uniform in both directions. Electron-impact ionization of atoms sputtered from the cathodes and the return of the ions to the cathodes by residual plasma fields is probably the mechanism which concentrates cesium near the cathodes. The Cs0 mean free path is estimated to be 16 and 0.43 mm for 2 and 400 A discharges, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142290
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    H° temperature and density measurements in a Penning surface-plasma H− ion source. I. : International conference on ion sources (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 424-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Using vacuum ultraviolet laser-absorption spectroscopy, the H° density and temperature are measured as a function of discharge current and H2-gas flow in both the plasma column and the drift region between the plasma column and the emitter in the 4X source. For typical source operating parameters, the atom temperature is 1.5 eV in the plasma column and 0.6 eV in the drift region; the atom density 7×1014 cm−3 in the plasma column and 4×1014 cm−3 in the drift region. Separate measurements give 2% for the ratio of H2 molecules in the first vibrational level to the total H2 density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141260
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