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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Population Biology of Host-Pathogen Interactions (1989)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 27 (1989), S. 77-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.27.090189.000453
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosome Locations of Additional Barley Enzyme Loci Identified Using Wheat-Barley Addition Lines (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 102 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Disomic wheat-barley addition lines carrying a full hexaploid set of chromosomes of the wheat cultivar Chinese Spring, plus a pair of either chromosome 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, or 7 from the barley cultivar Betzes, were assayed electrophoretically. Comparisons of zymograms of each addition line with the Chinese Spring wheat and Betzes barky parents of the addition lines gave direct (presumptive in the case of chromosome 5) evidence of the chromosomal locations of nine enzyme loci which have been useful genetic markers in studies of the population genetics, ecogeneties and breeding of barley. Previously reported chromosome locations of several loci were confirmed and evidence was presented for the existence and probable chromosome locations for additional enzyme loci.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1989.tb00335.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Worldwide patterns of genetic variation among four esterase loci in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (1981)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 59 (1981), S. 101-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Barley ; Esterase loci ; Genetic polymorphism ; Geographical distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Electrophoretic assays of 1506 accessions of domestic (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wild (H. spontaneum Koch.) barley, maintained in the USDA World Barley Collection, led to the following conclusions: (1) worldwide the four esterase loci, Est 1, Est 2, Est 3, and Est 4, have a minimum of 7, 12, 6, and 7 alleles, respectively; (2) little or no genetic differentation has developed between H. vulgare and H. spontaneum at these four esterase loci; (3) substantial genetic polymorphism and heterozygosity occur within many of the accessions despite the heavy inbreeding which results from the mating system of predominant self fertilization and from genetic drift associated with maintenance in small populations; (4) patterns of geographical distribution of alleles at these four loci are not at random over both small and large geographical areas, including differences on a continental scale; (5) four among 16 four-locus combinations of alleles are found in excess and all other combinations occur in deficiency on a worldwide basis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00285898
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of resistance to Rhynchosporium secalis (Oud.) Davis in barley composite cross II (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 61 (1982), S. 209-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Inheritance of resistance ; Plant breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Changes in resistance to scald disease which occurred in barley composite Cross II over 45 generations were analyzed genetically. This population, which was synthesized in 1929 by pooling equal numbers of f1 seeds from 378 pair wise crosses among 28 barley varieties, has subsequently been grown at Davis, California under standard agricultural conditions without conscious selection. Progenies derived from self-pollinated seeds from random plants taken from four generations (F8, F13, F23, and F45) were tested against four different races of scald (40, 61, 72, and 74), and rated as resistant, susceptible or segregating. Striking increases in the frequency of families resistant to races 40, 61, and 74 occurred in CC II. A test for randomness showed that quadruply susceptible and triply resistant families were more common than expected under the assumption that resistance to different races is independent. Positive correlations were found between resistance to races 40, 61, and 74, but resistance to race 72 was independent of resistance to all other races. Possible reasons for these correlations are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00273776
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of outcrossing rates in Duglas-fir using isozyme markers (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 113-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Douglas-fir ; Outcrossing rates ; Isozymes ; Inbreeding ; Open-pollination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Seeds produced under open-pollination were collected from eight natural stands and a plus-tree seed orchard of Douglas-fir. These seeds were germinated and both diploid embryos and haploid gametophytes were analyzed by starch-gel electrophoresis. Eleven variable loci were resolved for both kinds of tissue and used as genetic markers for estimating outcrossing rates. Estimates made with single-locus and multilocus methods both indicated that the proportion of viable embryos resulting from outcrossing is about 0.90 for the natural stands, and for the seed orchard. Comparison of single-locus and multilocus estimates of outcrossing rates indicated that little or no inbreeding other than selfing occurred. Estimated outcrossing rates were higher for seeds from the upper portion of the crown than for seeds from the lower crown. It was also found that some trees selfed at a much higher rate than other trees.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293342
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of resistance to scald, powdery mildew, and net blotch in barley composite cross II populations (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 66 (1983), S. 279-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Disease resistance ; Genetic variability ; Plant breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Progenies of barley plants taken at random from generations F8, F13, F23, and F45 of Composite Cross II were tested for reaction to three barley pathogens, Helminthosporium teres, Erysiphe graminis, and Rhynchosporium secalis (four races). The frequency of families resistant to each of the three pathogens (excepting one race of R. secalis) increased from early to later generations. Many families carrying combinations of multiple resistance not observed among the parents were found in the later generations; one-half of the parents were susceptible to all three diseases but only 4% of the families in generation F45 were of this phenotype. The frequency of multiply resistant families also increased sharply over generations. Among the parents the greatest concentration of resistant reactions observed was triple resistance: 14% were triply resistant; none were quadruply resistant; nor were any resistant to all three pathogens. In generation F43 36% of the families were triply resistant, 32% were quadruply resistant and 6% were resistant in five of the six disease reactions. The value of later generations of Composite Cross II for breeding against pathogens thus appears to have been increased by recombination and natural selection. Significant positive correlations were found for resistance to races 40, 61, and 74 of R. secalis whereas correlations between resistance to R. secalis, E. graminis, and H. teres were generally nonsignificant. Use of these multiply resistant genotypes in breeding is thus unlikely to be hindered by negative associations between resistance to the three diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00251159
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecogeographical distribution and differential adaptedness of multilocus allelic associations in Spanish Avena sativa L. (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 88 (1994), S. 56-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Avena sativa ; Genetic variability ; Multivariate analysis ; Multilocus associations ; Genetic resources
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We determined the nine-locus isozyme genotype of 267 landrace accessions of Avena sativa from 31 provinces of Spain. Our results establish that level of genetic variability is usually high both within and among accessions of this heavily self-fertilizing hexaploid grass and that multilocus genetic structure differs in various ecogeographical regions of Spain. We concluded that selection favoring different multilocus genotypes in different environments was the main integrating force that shaped the internal genetic structure of local populations as well as the overall adaptive landscape of A. sativa in Spain. Implications in genetic resource conservation and utilization are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222394
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Worldwide pattern of multilocus structure in barley determined by discrete log-linear multivariate analyses (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 80 (1990), S. 121-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Barley ; Log-linear multivariate analyses ; Multilocus associations ; Enzyme loci
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Data from the electrophoretic assay for seven enzyme loci of 1,032 accessions of cultivated barley, Hordeum vulgare L., from the USDA world barley collection were analyzed for multilocus structure using discrete log-linear multivariate techniques. Three major steps were involved in the analysis: (i) identification and elimination of terms that have inconsequential effects in multilocus association; (ii) construction of a log-linear model that best describes the complete multilocus structure of the genetic system; and (iii) evaluation of each of the association terms included in the model. The results of analyses of two subsets of loci show that the multilocus genetic system of cultivated barley, including loci located on different chromosomes, is organized into hierarchically structured complexes of loci. Multilocus structure differs in various geographical regions of the world. The structure of barleys from Southwest Asia, the putative center of origin for cultivated barley, is intermediate for both subsets of loci. Differences increased progressively across the Eurasian-African landmasses in each direction with increasing distance from Southwest Asia, with the consequence that the barleys from West Europe, East Asia, and Ethiopia are maximally different from those of Southwest Asia and Middle South Asia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224025
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance and stability of mixtures of grain sorghum (1974)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 44 (1974), S. 145-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In the absence of intergenotypic interactions the expected yield of randomly constituted, equiproportional mixtures of genotypes is shown to be independent of the number of components. However, with positive, additive interactions, the expected yield of a mixture is expected to be a monotonically increasing function of the number of components. The observed relationship between level of genetic diversity and mean yield, seed number and seed size for mixtures of inbred lines of grain sorghum closely followed the relationships expected under the assumption of additive interaction effects. However, estimates of the first and higher order components of the total interaction effect among the sorghum lines indicated that higher order interaction effects were often as great or greater than their first order counterparts, and opposite in sign, and that they may thus have had a cancelling effect in mixtures containing three or more components. These findings are discussed in terms of the relationship between level of genetic diversity and performance, and in connection with problems associated with the development of commercial multiline varieties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00277012
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An additional gametophyte factor in the lima bean (1963)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 33 (1963), S. 212-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An Limabohnen-Familien, die für das GenP/p für Samenschalenfarbe heterozygot sind, wurden persistente Spaltungsabweichungen analysiert. Ein zweiter gametophytischer Faktor (Ga 2) wird beschrieben. Dieses Gen bewirkt eine Interaktion zwischen dem männlichen Gametophyten und dem Griffel in der Form, daß a)Ga 2-Pollen unabhängig von dem Genotyp des Griffels funktionsfähig ist. b)ga 2-Pollen zwarga/ga-Griffel befruchten, aber aufGa 2/Ga 2-Griffeln oderGa 2/ga 2-Griffeln mitGa 2-Pollen nicht konkurrieren kann.Ga 2/ga 2 ist mit dem LocusP/p gekoppelt (Rekombinationswert 0,244±0,017) und daher wahrscheinlich in Koppelungsgruppe I lokalisiert. Ähnlichkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen gametophytischen Faktoren und Inkompatibilitätssystemen sowie Faktoren, die das Auftreten und die Ausbreitung vonga-Allelen in Populationen beeinflussen können, werden diskutiert. Es wird der Beweis erbracht, daß dasGa 2-Allel in einer der reinen Elternlinien der untersuchten Familien als eine neue Mutationga 2→Ga 2 entstanden ist.
    Notes: Summary A second gametophyte factor (Ga 2) is described in lima beans. This gene produces an interaction between the male gametophyte and style such that: (a)Ga 2 pollen functions irrespective of stylar genotype; (b)ga 2 pollen is functional onga/ga styles but is unable to compete withGa 2 pollen onGa 2/Ga 2 orGa 2/ga 2 styles.Ga 2/ga 2 is linked with theP/p locus (recombination fraction =0.244±.017); it is therefore probably located in linkage group I. Some similarities and differences between gametophyte factors and incompatibility systems and some factors which might influence the establishment and maintenance ofga alleles in populations are discussed. Evidence is presented that theGa 2 allele arose as a recent mutationga 2→Ga 2 in one of the pure-line parents of the families studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00710135
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