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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in Histidine and Anserine Levels in Hatchery-Reared Honmasu Salmon Parr after Release in a River (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 31 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-7345
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2000.tb00363.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Foraging and Growth of Hatchery-reared Honmasu Salmon Parr in a Natural River (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 36 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-7345
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2005.tb00345.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential transcription of β-glucosidase and cellobiose dehydrogenase genes in cellulose degradation by the basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 235 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Transcriptional analysis of β-glucosidase gene (bgl) and cellobiose dehydrogenase gene (cdh) in relation to cellobiose metabolism in the basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium was performed using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Addition of glucose to cellulose-degrading culture significantly decreased the number of both transcripts. In contrast, addition of cellobiose repressed only transcription of bgl but no effect for that of cdh. Moreover, to investigate induction of the two genes, the mycelia grown on glucose medium were transferred to medium containing glucose, cellobiose or no carbon source. In cellobiose medium, the number of bgl transcripts was slightly lower, whereas that of cdh transcripts was 2.3-fold higher than those in glucose medium. Consequently, cellobiose represses transcription of bgl, whereas it induces that of cdh.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2004.tb09584.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in levels of GnRH in the brain and pituitary and GTH in the pituitary in male masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou, from hatching to maturation (1993)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 11 (1993), S. 233-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: sGnRH ; cGnRH-II ; GTHIβ ; GTHIIβ ; masu salmon ; precocious
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les contenus cérébraux et hypophysaires des deux types de gonadolibérines (GnRH de saumon et GnRH type II de poulet), et les contenus en gonadotropines hypophysaires (GTHIβ et GTHIIβ), ont été étudiés chez le saumon masu pendant 3 ans, de l'éclosion à la maturation des gonades pour tenter d'expliquer le rôle éventuel du sGnRH dans les processus de maturation précoce. Les mâles précoces sont détectés l'été de la première année et caractérisés sur la base de l'accroissement de leur rapport gonado-somatique (RGS). Chez ces animaux, la spermiation est ensuite observée tous les automnes. La charge hypophysaire en GTHIβ des mâles immatures et précoces, et en GTHIIβ des mâles précoces montre des variations saisonnières importantes en automne et faibles en hiver. Les contenus hypophysaires en GTHIIβ des mâles immatures restent faibles. Les contenus hypophysaires de sGnRH des mâles précoces augmentent chaque année entre le printemps et l'automne, durant les 3 ans de l'étude. Les contenus en sGnRH des aires cérébrales varient avec les saisons et sont importantes durant l'automne et l'hiver et faibles en été. Les concentrations dans le bulbe olfactif et l'hypotalamus augmentent significativement, corrélées avec l'avancement de la spermatogénèse. Les concentrations de sGnRH de l'hypothalamus des mâles précoces sont significativement plus élevées que celles des animaux immatures; sans doute liées à un feedback stéroïdien. Le cGnRH-II est indétectable dans l'hypophyse et ses concentrations dans le cerveau ne varient pas avec le stade de maturité. Le phénomène de maturation précoce est supposé être initié avant le début de l'été. II est supposé que les mâles précoces croissent plus vite et que leur hypophyse contient plus de sGnRH avant que les signes extérieurs de précocité se manifestent; ce sGnRH pourrait stimuler la synthèse de GTHII et induire en conséquence la maturation précoce.
    Notes: Abstract Levels of two types of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (salmon GnRH and chicken GnRH-II) in the brain and pituitary, and content of gonadotropin (GTHIβ and IIβ) in the pituitary were measured in male masu salmon from hatching to gonadal maturation for three years in order to clarify the involvement of GnRHs in precocious maturation. Underyearling precocious males were distinguishable in summer of year 1 and were marked by an increased GSI. Spermiation was observed among these individuals thereafter every autumn. Pituitary GTHIβ content in both precocious and immature males, and GTHIIβ content in precocious males showed seasonal fluctuations — high in autumn and low in winter. Pituitary GTHIIβ content was low in immature males. Pituitary sGnRH content in precocious males increased from spring to autumn during the three-year period. sGnRH concentrations in discrete brain areas showed seasonal changes — high during autumn to winter and low in summer. Concentrations in the olfactory bulbs and hypothalamus increased significantly in association with testicular maturation during year 3. sGnRH concentrations in the hypothalamus were significantly higher in precocious males than in immature males; this was possibly due to positive feedback of steroid hormones. cGnRH-II was undetectable in the pituitary and no distinct changes were observed in its concentration in the brain in relation to maturation. The phenomenon of underyearling precocious maturation is considered to be triggered before the onset of early summer. It is suggested that males which mature precociously are larger in size and contain much sGnRH in the pituitary before the outward signs of precocity appear; sGnRH may stimulate GTH II synthesis and induce precocious maturation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00004570
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromatographic and immunological identification of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in five marine teleosts (1993)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 12 (1993), S. 337-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: GnRH ; salmon GnRH ; chicken GnRH-II ; HPLC ; RIA ; bluefin tuna ; red seabream ; black seabream ; red spotted grouper ; Japanese flounder
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Brain extracts from bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus, red seabream, Pagrus major, black seabream, Acanthopagrus schlegeli, red spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara and Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and specific radioimmunoassays. Immunoreactive material co-eluting from HPLC with salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and chicken GnRH-II, respectively, was found in all five species. In addition, a GnRH immunoreactive fraction showing the same HPLC retention time as lamprey GnRH-I was detected in the brain extracts of all species examined when using an unspecific radioimmunoassay which detects several GnRH forms, including lamprey GnRH-I. In the Japanese flounder brain extract, a fourth GnRH immunoreactive fraction was detected with the unspecific radioimmunoassay which did not co-elute with any of the six synthetic GnRH standards used in the present study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00004418
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of steroid hormones in the preovulatory gonadotropin surge in female goldfish (1989)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 7 (1989), S. 141-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: gonadotropin ; ovulation ; multiple spawning fish ; ovulatory cycle ; steroid feedback ; environmental factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Goldfish,Carassius auratus, spawn several times within a spawning season. A gonadotropin (GtH) surge occurs at the time of ovulation in this cyprinid species. This ovulatory GtH surge mediates the processes of final oocyte maturation and ovulation, and occurs at the end of each spawning cycle. Within a cycle, there is a shift in the predominant plasma steroid from estradiol to testosterone, and finally 17α, 20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one at the time of the ovulatory GtH surge. High levels of testosterone were always observed before ovulation. When ovariectomized or sexually regressed female goldfish were implanted with testosterone, they exhibited a GtH surge which was similar to those normally observed at ovulation. These results strongly suggest that elevated plasma testosterone is an important physiological requirement for the occurrence of the GtH surge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00004700
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogenic development of salmon GnRH and chicken GnRH-II systems in the brain of masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 293 (1998), S. 427-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Salmon GnRH ; Chicken GnRH ; II ; Radioimmunoassay ; Immunocytochemistry ; In situ hybridization ; Oncorhynchus masou (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Ontogenic development of salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and chicken GnRH-II systems in masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) was examined. Salmon GnRH was first detected by radioimmunoassay in the embryo on day 36 after fertilization. Salmon GnRH-immunoreactive fibers were detected initially by immunocytochemistry in the vicinity of the olfactory placode of the embryo (day 36) and were distributed widely in the brain as well as in the pituitary gland of fish just after hatching (day 80). Salmon GnRH-immunoreactive neuronal somata were first detected about 6 months after fertilization in the rostroventral brain area, ranging from the olfactory nerve to the preoptic area. Salmon GnRH neuronal somata were detected earlier by in situ hybridization than by immunocytochemistry. Neuronal somata expressing salmon GnRH mRNA were first detected in the vicinity of the olfactory epithelium on day 40 and then were seen to be migrating from the olfactory epithelium, along the olfactory nerve, on day 60 and in the transitional area between olfactory nerve and olfactory bulb on day 80. In the brain, these neurons were first detected in the ventral olfactory bulb on day 80, and thereafter they were also detected in the caudal brain regions. The chicken GnRH-II system was detected later than the salmon GnRH system; chicken GnRH-II was first detected by radioimmunoassay on day 57, and chicken GnRH-II-immunoreactive fibers were first detected on day 67. Chicken GnRH-II-immunoreactive neuronal somata were not detected during the observation period. These results suggest that salmon GnRH neurons derive from the olfactory placode and then migrate into the brain and that salmon GnRH is synthesized before chicken GnRH-II.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051134
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytophysiology of gonadotropin-releasing-hormone neurons in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) forebrain before and after upstream migration (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 284 (1996), S. 261-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone ; Immunocytochemistry ; In situ hybridization ; Olfactory system ; Telencephalon ; Terminal nerve ; Salmon homing migration ; Oncorhynchus keta (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Cytophysiology of gonadotropin-releasing-hormone neurons in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) was examined before and after upstream migration by an immunocytochemical technique with a specific antiserum to salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone and an in situ hybridization technique with an oligonucleotide encoding salmon gonadotropin-releasing-hormone precursor (pro-salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone). In the forebrain (olfactory nerve, olfactory bulb, telencephalon, and preoptic area), salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone-immunoreactive neurons and neurons showing signals for pro-salmon gonadotropin-releasing-hormone mRNA were compared between fish from the coastal sea and those from the spawning ground. Neurons in the dorsal region of the olfactory nerve and in the ventral region of the transitional area between olfactory nerve and olfactory bulb showed strong salmon gonadotropin-releasing-hormone immunoreactivity and strong hybridization signals in fish from the coastal sea, but these activities and signals were not observed or were decreased in number in fish from the spawning ground. The neurons in the olfactory bulb, telencephalon, and preoptic area consistently revealed salmon gonadotropin-releasing-hormone immunoreactivity and hybridization signals, and the hybridization signals of salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the telencephalon and the preoptic area were stronger in fish from the spawning ground than in those from the coastal sea. These findings suggest that salmon gonadotropin-releasing-hormone neurons in the olfactory nerve and the transitional area between olfactory nerve and olfactory bulb have different patterns of hormone production than those in the telencephalon and the preoptic area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050586
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two differing salmon GnRH precursor mRNAs are co-expressed in the brain of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 292 (1998), S. 267-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Co-expression of mRNAs ; Gonadotropin-releasing hormone ; Immunocytochemistry ; In situ hybridization ; Oncorhynchus nerka (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The localization of two salmon-type gonadotropin-releasing hormone (sGnRH) precursors, pro-sGnRH-I (short type) and pro-sGnRH-II (long type), was investigated by using in situ hybridization techniques in the brain of the landlocked sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka. We used 30-mer oligonucleotide probes complementary to pro-sGnRH-I and pro-sGnRH-II cDNA. No significant differences were observed in the localization of sGnRH neurons expressing pro-sGnRH-I and pro-sGnRH-II mRNAs; both were expressed in the olfactory nerve, the olfactory bulbs, the regions between the olfactory bulb and telencephalon, the ventral telencephalon, the preoptic area, and the hypothalamus. Almost all sGnRH neurons examined co-expressed both precursors. The expression of two sGnRH precursors in the same neuron and the wide distribution of such neurons in the brain suggest that there are no functional differences between the two precursors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051057
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport of physiologically active salmon gonadotropin into the circulation in goldfish, following oral administration of salmon pituitary extract (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 157 (1988), S. 753-758 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Salmon pituitary gland extract was orally administered to goldfish. The resulting transport of gonadotropin (GtH) into the blood plasma and its biological activities were investigated. Plasma levels of salmon GtH assayed by radio-immunoassay increased acutely and reached maximum levels as early as 6 h after oral administration, when administered with phosphate buffer (PB) or 0.2% polyacrylic acid (PAA) gel bases. The sharp rise in salmon GtH was not observed when the pituitary extract was administered with 1% PAA. The changes occurred more slowly, and the plasma levels of GtH were lower than those of PB or 0.2% PAA groups. Plasma levels of goldfish GtH did not increase. The absorbed salmon GtH was found to retain its biological activities. Plasma levels of testosterone increased in proportion with GtH absorption, except in the 1% PAA group. Elevated plasma 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one levels were also observed in the PB group. Milt production increased within the first 24 h after the administration of pituitary extract. When the pituitary extract was administered in 1% PAA, the period in time in which the absorbed GtH remained elevated was noticeably longer than when given with 0.2% PAA or PB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691005
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