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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermoanaerobium acetigenum spec. nov., a new anaerobic, extremely thermophilic, xylanolytic non-spore-forming bacterium isolated from an Icelandic hot spring (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 159 (1993), S. 460-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Anaerobe ; Thermophilic ; Xylan ; Hemicellulose ; Chemoorganotrophic ; Hot spring ; Thermoanaerobium acetigenum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An anaerobic, extremely thermophilic, xylanolytic nonspore-forming bacterium, strain X6B, was isolated from a 70°C Icelandic hot spring sediment. The bacterium was rod-shaped, 3.6–5.9 μm long and 0.7 to 1.0 μm wide, and cells grew singly, in pairs, and occasionally formed chains. The bacterium was nonmotile with no flagella. Cells from mid-to late exponential gowth-phase cultures stained gram-negative but had a gram-positive like cell wall structure in transmission electron photomicrographs. The bacterium grew between 50°C and 78°C with an optimum temperature at about 65°C to 68°C. Growth occurred between pH 5.2 and 8.5 with an optimum pH close to 7. During growth on beech wood xylan, glucose and d-xylose, the isolate produced CO2, acetate and H2 as major fermentation products, and a small amounts of ethanol; lactate was not produced. X6B did not reduce acetone to isopropanol or sulphate or thiosulfate to sulfide. The base composition of X6B's cellular DNA was 35.7 mol% guanine + cytosine. The properties of this strain do not fit any previously described species. The name proposed for the isolated bacterium was Thermoanaerobium acetigenum, spec. nov.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288594
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of a strictly xylan-degrading Dictyoglomus from a man-made, thermophilic anaerobic environment (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 157 (1991), S. 13-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Dictyoglomus ; Anaerobe ; Thermophilic ; Xylan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A thermophilic, strictly anaerobic eubacterium which utilized an unusually limited range of substrates was isolated from a sludge and pulp sample from a paperpulp cooling tank at a paper-board factory in Finland. The organism grew only with beech wood or oat spelt xylan; no growth occurred with soluble sugars, other polysaccharides, peptone, or yeast extract. The organism was rod-shaped, long (up to 20 μm), thin (0.3 μm), gramnegative, and in late-exponential and stationary phase cultures formed “ball of yarn” like structures; endospores were not observed and the organism was not motile. The organism grew fastest (μ=0.08 – 0.09 h-1) at 65 to 75°C and pH 6.5 to 8.4, with a maximum growth temperature between 75 and 80°C and an upper pH limit near 9. During growth on beech xylan the isolate produced only acetate, H2, and CO2 as fermentation products. The guanine + cytosine (G+C) content of the isolates cellular DNA was 34%. The unusual morphology of the isolate is characteristic of the genus Dictyoglomus, and the limited substrate range, higher G+C ratio, and different fermentation products indicated that the isolate was a new species in that genus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00245328
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of Caldicellulosiruptor lactoaceticus sp. nov., an extremely thermophilic, cellulolytic, anaerobic bacterium (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 163 (1995), S. 223-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Anaerobic bacterium ; Thermophilic bacterium ; Cellulose ; Cellulase ; Hot spring ; Chemoorganotrophic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An anaerobic, extremely thermophilic, cellulolytic, non-spore-forming bacterium, strain 6A, was isolated from an alkaline hot spring in Hveragerði, Iceland. The bacterium was non-motile, rod-shaped (1.5–3.5x0.7 μm) and occurred singly, in pairs or in chains and stained gram-negative. The growth temperature was between 50 and 78°C with a temperature optimum near 68°C. Growth occurred between pH 5.8 and 8.2 with an optimum near 7.0. The bacterium fermented microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) and produced lactate, acetate and H2 as the major fermentation products, and CO2 and ethanol occurred as minor fermentation products. Only a restricted number of carbon sources (cellulose, xylan, starch, pectin, cellobiose, xylose, maltose and lactose) were used as substrates. During growth on Avicel, the bacterium produced free cellulases with carboxymethylcellulase and avicelase activity. The G+C content of the cellular DNA of strain 6A was 35.2±0.8 mol%. Complete 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that strain 6A was phylogenetically related to Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus. It is proposed that the isolated bacterium be named Caldicellulosiruptor lactoaceticus sp. nov.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305357
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogen inhibition of acetate metabolism and kinetics of hydrogen consumption by Methanosarcina thermophila TM-1 (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 157 (1991), S. 38-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Methanosarcina thermophila ; Acetate ; Hydrogen ; Kinetics ; K m ; V max
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Methanosarcina thermophila TM-1 produced hydrogen during growth on acetate, maintaining a concentration of approx. 0.3 μM in the culture, corresponding to a hydrogen partial pressure of approx. 40 Pa. Increasing the partial pressure of hydrogen to 250 Pa and more led to a gradually increasing inhibition of acetate metabolism. No growth was observed when the gas phase contained 2000 Pa or more and acetate metabolism did not occur even after prolonged incubation (more than 2 weeks). M. thermophila was capable of limited consumption of hydrogen. Consumption of low concentrations of hydrogen proceeded simultaneously with acetate utilization. The affinity for hydrogen (K m=5 μM) was within the range normally found for hydrogenutilizing methanogens, while the corresponding V max (1.2 μmol hydrogen consumed mg-1 · cells h-1) was orders of magnitude lower.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00245332
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of ammonia on growth and morphology of thermophilic hydrogen-oxidizing methanogenic bacteria (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 85 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of ammonia on pure cultures of thermophilic hydrogen-utilizing methanogens were studied. The bacteria used were Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum strain ΔH, Methanobacterium thermoformicicum, a Methanogenium sp., and a putative Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum strain BA. For all strains tested initial inhibition occurred at 3.0–4.0 g NH+4-N/I (214–286 mM), and at approximately 6.0 NH+4-N/I (428 mM), a 50% decrease of the growth rate was seen. At 9.0 g NH+4-N/I (643 mM), growth of Methanobacterium thermoformicum was observed, whereas the other strains showed either very unstable growth or were totally inhibited. For some strains ammonia had a pronounced effect on cell morphology, inducing formation of large aggregates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1991.tb04730.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetate oxidation in a thermophilic anaerobic sewage-sludge digestor: the importance of non-aceticlastic methanogenesis from acetate (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 86 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Acetate conversion to methane in a steady-state, thermophilic (60°C) anaerobic sewage-sludge digestor and in a thermophilic (60°C) acetate chemostat inoculated with anaerobic thermophilic sewage sludge, was investigated by use of radiotracer methodology. When the acetate pool in the sewage-sludge digestor was 1–2 mM, 4.1% of 2-labeled acetate was converted to CO2. However, when acetate was consumed to less than 1.0 mM, prior to isotopic examinations, this increased to 14.1%. Microscopic observations showed a shift in the acetate-degrading populations during start-up of the acetate-limited chemostat inoculated from the sewage-sludge digestor. Large numbers of Methanosarcina-aggregates were seen during the first 100–150 days of operation, while Methanosaeta-like rods were not observed. The Methanosarcina-aggregates disappeared concurrently with a decrease in the acetate concentration to approx. 0.4 mM, and the culture consisted mainly of a large number of autofluorescent, short rods together with fewer and longer, non-fluorescent, rods. Non-aceticlastic oxidation of acetate to methane was the mechanism of the acetate conversion in the chemostat after 7 months of operation. Our results indicate that the concentration of acetate can influence the mechanism of acetate conversion during thermophilic anaerobic digestion of organic matter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1991.tb04804.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of a thermophilic, acetate-utilizing methanogenic bacterium (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 25 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A thermophilic acetate-decarboxylating methanogenic bacterium was isolated from a laboratory-scale 60°C sludge digestor. Cells form straight filaments with flat to blunted ends normally consisting of 2–3 cells held together by a sheath-like outer cell wall. The organism uses acetate, H2-CO2 and formate for methanogenesis and growth. With acetate as the sole methanogenic substrate, almost all of the radioactivity from methyl-labelled acetate appeared as methane. Acetate was converted to methane in equimolar amounts with a doubling time of 3 days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1984.tb01373.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methanogenesis from acetate: Physiology of a thermophilic, acetate-utilizing methanogenic bacterium (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 28 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The physiology is described of a thermophilic acetate-decarboxylating methanogenic bacterium grown with acetate as sole energy and carbon source. The organism had a optimal pH range of 7.3–7.5 and a temperature optimum for methanogenesis near 60°C; no growth occurred above 75°C. Addition of penicillin, d-cycloserine, vancomycin and ampicillin produced no inhibition of methanogenesis at low concentrations 10–100 mg/l). No requirement for growth factors was observed during exponential growth on acetate, but sulfide was found to be necessary for optimal growth. Growth yield was 1.7–2.3 g dry weight per mol of acetate utilized. The apparent Ks obtained for methanogenesis from acetate was 0.8 m mol/l.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1985.tb00755.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diversity of thermophilic and non-thermophilic crenarchaeota at 80 °C (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 244 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A hot spring in the solfataric field of Pisciarelli (Naples – Italy) was analysed for Archaeal diversity. Total DNA was extracted from the environment, archaeal 16S rRNA genes were amplified with Archaea specific primers, and a clone library consisting of 201 clones was established. The clones were grouped in 10 different groups each representing a specific band pattern using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Members of all 10 groups were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. Surprisingly, a high abundance of clones belonging to non-thermophilic Crenarchaeal clusters were detected together with the thermophilic archaeon Acidianus infernus in this thermophilic environment. Neither Sulfolobus species nor other hyperthermophilic Crenarchaeota were detected in the clone library. The relative abundance of the sequenced clones was confirmed by terminal restriction fragment analyses. Amplification of 16S rRNA genes from Archaea transferred from the surrounding environment was considered negligible because DNA from non-thermophilic Crenarchaeota incubated under conditions similar to the solfatara could not be PCR amplified after 5 min.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.01.021
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature-dependent enumeration and characterization of anaerobic, thermophilic xylan-degrading bacteria present in two Icelandic hot springs (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 12 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Anaerobic thermophilic xylan-degrading bacteria present in unenriched and enriched 70°C samples from two Icelandic hot springs were enumerated at 68, 78, 90 and 99°C by the use of the Most-Probable-Number method. Xylan was used as substrate. From the samples taken at 70°C and incubated at the temperatures previously described no growth was observed above 78°C. A total of ten strains were isolated and characterized from the positive MPN enrichment cultures from the MPN experiments. A higher number of different strains could be isolated in the enriched samples compared with the unenriched, control samples from the same hot spring. Introduction of xylan, i.e., in situ enrichment, into one of the hot springs changed the bacterial population, as none of the bacteria isolated from the unenriched samples were isolated from the enriched samples. All the isolated bacteria were asporogenous, non-motile and gram-negative rods. One long thin rod had morphological similarities to members of the genus Dictyoglomus and was found in both hot spring samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1993.tb00019.x
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