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Seawater carbonate chemistry and whole community and functional gene changes of bioflms on marine plastic debris (2022)

Kerfahi, Dorsaf ; Harvey, Ben P ; Kim, Hyoki ; [et al.]

PANGAEA

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Publication Date: 2024-03-15

Description: Plastics are accumulating in the world's oceans, while ocean waters are becoming acidified by increased CO2. We compared metagenome of biofilms on tethered plastic bottles in subtidal waters off Japan naturally enriched in CO2, compared to normal ambient CO2 levels. Extending from an earlier amplicon study of bacteria, we used metagenomics to provide direct insights into changes in the full range of functional genes and the entire taxonomic tree of life in the context of the changing plastisphere. We found changes in the taxonomic community composition of all branches of life. This included a large increase in diatom relative abundance across the treatments but a decrease in diatom diversity. Network complexity among families decreased with acidification, showing overall simplification of biofilm integration. With acidification, there was decreased prevalence of genes associated with cell–cell interactions and antibiotic resistance, decreased detoxification genes, and increased stress tolerance genes. There were few nutrient cycling gene changes, suggesting that the role of plastisphere biofilms in nutrient processes within an acidified ocean may not change greatly. Our results suggest that as ocean CO2 increases, the plastisphere will undergo broad-ranging changes in both functional and taxonomic composition, especially the ecologically important diatom group, with possible wider implications for ocean ecology.

Keywords: Abundance; Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, standard deviation; CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; Community composition and diversity; Entire community; EXP; Experiment; Family; Field observation; Figure; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater, standard deviation; Function; Functional diversity; Gene expression (incl. proteomics); North Pacific; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH; pH, standard deviation; Phylum; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Sample ID; Shannon Diversity Index; Shikine_Island; Species; Taxa; Temperate; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Treatment; Type

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 22824 data points

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Shallow water marine sediment bacterial community shifts along a natural CO2 gradient in the Mediterranean Sea Off vulcano, Italy (2014)

Kerfahi, Dorsaf ; Hall-Spencer, Jason M ; Tripathi, Binu M ; [et al.]

PANGAEA

In: Supplement to: Kerfahi, Dorsaf; Hall-Spencer, Jason M; Tripathi, Binu M; Milazzo, Marco; Lee, Junghoon; Adams, Jonathan M (2014): Shallow Water Marine Sediment Bacterial Community Shifts Along a Natural CO2 Gradient in the Mediterranean Sea Off Vulcano, Italy. Microbial Ecology, 67(4), 819-828, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-014-0368-7

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Publication Date: 2024-03-15

Description: The effects of increasing atmospheric CO(2) on ocean ecosystems are a major environmental concern, as rapid shoaling of the carbonate saturation horizon is exposing vast areas of marine sediments to corrosive waters worldwide. Natural CO(2) gradients off Vulcano, Italy, have revealed profound ecosystem changes along rocky shore habitats as carbonate saturation levels decrease, but no investigations have yet been made of the sedimentary habitat. Here, we sampled the upper 2 cm of volcanic sand in three zones, ambient (median pCO(2) 419 µatm, minimum Omega (arag) 3.77), moderately CO(2)-enriched (median pCO(2) 592 µatm, minimum Omega (arag) 2.96), and highly CO(2)-enriched (median pCO(2) 1611 µatm, minimum Omega (arag) 0.35). We tested the hypothesis that increasing levels of seawater pCO(2) would cause significant shifts in sediment bacterial community composition, as shown recently in epilithic biofilms at the study site. In this study, 454 pyrosequencing of the V1 to V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene revealed a shift in community composition with increasing pCO(2). The relative abundances of most of the dominant genera were unaffected by the pCO(2) gradient, although there were significant differences for some 5 % of the genera present (viz. Georgenia, Lutibacter, Photobacterium, Acinetobacter, and Paenibacillus), and Shannon Diversity was greatest in sediments subject to long-term acidification (〉100 years). Overall, this supports the view that globally increased ocean pCO(2) will be associated with changes in sediment bacterial community composition but that most of these organisms are resilient. However, further work is required to assess whether these results apply to other types of coastal sediments and whether the changes in relative abundance of bacterial taxa that we observed can significantly alter the biogeochemical functions of marine sediments.

Keywords: Abundance; Alkalinity, total; Aragonite saturation state; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Class; CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; Community composition and diversity; Entire community; Field observation; Figure; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Group; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Mediterranean Sea; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Salinity; Shannon Diversity Index; Site; Soft-bottom community; Species; Temperate; Temperature, water

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 2688 data points

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Seawater carbonate chemistry and composition of plastic biofilm assemblages (2020)

Harvey, Ben P ; Kerfahi, Dorsaf ; Jung, YeonGyun ; [et al.]

PANGAEA

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Publication Date: 2024-03-15

Description: The increasing quantity of plastic waste in the ocean is providing a growing and more widespread novel habitat for microbes. Plastics have taxonomically distinct microbial communities (termed the 'Plastisphere') and can raft these unique communities over great distances. In order to understand the Plastisphere properly it will be important to work out how major ocean changes (such as warming, acidification and deoxygenation) are shaping microbial communities on waste plastics in marine environments. Here, we show that common plastic drinking bottles rapidly become colonized by novel biofilm-forming bacterial communities, and that ocean acidification greatly influences the composition of plastic biofilm assemblages. We highlight the potential implications of this community shift in a coastal community exposed to enriched CO2 conditions.

Keywords: Abundance; Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Alpha diversity; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, standard deviation; CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; Community composition and diversity; Entire community; Evenness of species; EXP; Experiment; Field observation; Figure; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater, standard deviation; North Pacific; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Operational taxonomic unit; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Pelagos; pH; pH, standard deviation; Phylum; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Shikine; Site; Substrate type; Temperate; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Type

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 46968 data points

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Seawater carbonate chemistry and bacterial diversity of intertidal bacterial biofilm communities (2020)

Kerfahi, Dorsaf ; Harvey, Ben P ; Agostini, Sylvain ; [et al.]

PANGAEA

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Publication Date: 2024-03-15

Description: The effects of ocean acidification on ecosystems remain poorly understood, because it is difficult to simulate the effects of elevated CO2 on entire marine communities. Natural systems enriched in CO2 are being used to help understand the long-term effects of ocean acidification in situ. Here, we compared biofilm bacterial communities on intertidal cobbles/boulders and bedrock along a seawater CO2 gradient off Japan. Samples sequenced for 16S rRNA showed differences in bacterial communities with different pCO2 and between habitat types. In both habitats, bacterial diversity increased in the acidified conditions. Differences in pCO2 were associated with differences in the relative abundance of the dominant phyla. However, despite the differences in community composition, there was no indication that these changes would be significant for nutrient cycling and ecosystem function. As well as direct effects of seawater chemistry on the biofilm, increased microalgal growth and decreased grazing may contribute to the shift in bacterial composition at high CO2, as documented by other studies. Thus, the effects of changes in bacterial community composition due to globally increasing pCO2 levels require further investigation to assess the implications for marine ecosystem function. However, the apparent lack of functional shifts in biofilms along the pCO2 gradient is a reassuring indicator of stability of their ecosystem functions in shallow ocean margins.

Keywords: ACE richness; Alkalinity, total; Aragonite saturation state; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Chao 1 richness; CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; Community composition and diversity; Entire community; EXP; Experiment; Field observation; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Group; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; North Pacific; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Oxygen, dissolved; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; Potentiometric; Potentiometric titration; Rocky-shore community; Salinity; Shannon Diversity Index; Shikine_Island; Simpson index of diversity; Site; Species richness; Temperate; Temperature, water; Type

Type: Dataset

Format: text/tab-separated-values, 864 data points

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5

Electronic Resource

A Suggestion for an Improved Vegetation Scheme for Local and Global Mapping and Monitoring (1999)

Adams, Jonathan M.

Springer

Environmental management 23 (1999), S. 1-13

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ISSN: 1432-1009

Keywords: KEY WORDS: Vegetation scheme; Mapping; Monitoring; Land cover

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: The next stage in the process will be to obtain the views of as many people working in as many different fields as possible, to see whether the proposed scheme suits their needs and how it should be modified. With a few modifications, such a scheme could easily be appended to an existing land cover classification scheme, such as the FAO system, greatly increasing the usefulness and accessability of the results of the landcover classification.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002679900164

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Electronic Resource

Caliche and the carbon cycle (1993)

Adams, Jonathan M.

[s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group

Nature 361 (1993), S. 213-214

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ISSN: 1476-4687

Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Notes: [Auszug] SIR - Kern and Schlesinger1 infer that there would have been a decrease in carbonate carbon storage on land (as caliche/calcrete in soils) since the last glacial maximum, due to a substantial decrease in the global area of desert and semi-desert2. They suggest that this may have offset part of the ...

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/361213b0

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Climatic factors controlling reproduction and growth of Norway spruce in southern Norway (2002)

Selås, Vidar ; Piovesan, Gianluca ; Adams, Jonathan M ; [et al.]

Canadian Science Publishing

In: Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 2002; 32(2): 217-225. Published 2002 Feb 01. doi: 10.1139/x01-192.

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Publication Date: 2002-02-01

Description: Time series of seed production and tree-ring width of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in southern Norway were analysed for their relationship to various climatic factors occurring during "key" stages, which a priori might be expected to show a strong climate response. The following factors combined in a multiple linear regression model were found to predict seed production (based on withheld data points) with considerable accuracy, at high levels of statistical significance: JuneJuly mean temperature and August lowest temperature in the previous year, late spring frost and JuneJuly precipitation of the last 2 years, and JanuaryFebruary lowest temperature in the current year. Tree ring width was negatively correlated with the seed production index of the current year and the lowest July temperature in the previous year and positively correlated with June-July precipitation in the current year. It is suggested that habitat constraints for seedling establishment should also be considered in a more general life-history cost theory to explain masting behaviour in forest trees.

Print ISSN: 0045-5067

Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition