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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2015-09-15
    Description: The contribution of rare and low-frequency variants to human traits is largely unexplored. Here we describe insights from sequencing whole genomes (low read depth, 7x) or exomes (high read depth, 80x) of nearly 10,000 individuals from population-based and disease collections. In extensively phenotyped cohorts we characterize over 24 million novel sequence variants, generate a highly accurate imputation reference panel and identify novel alleles associated with levels of triglycerides (APOB), adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLR and RGAG1) from single-marker and rare variant aggregation tests. We describe population structure and functional annotation of rare and low-frequency variants, use the data to estimate the benefits of sequencing for association studies, and summarize lessons from disease-specific collections. Finally, we make available an extensive resource, including individual-level genetic and phenotypic data and web-based tools to facilitate the exploration of association results.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4773891/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4773891/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉UK10K Consortium -- Walter, Klaudia -- Min, Josine L -- Huang, Jie -- Crooks, Lucy -- Memari, Yasin -- McCarthy, Shane -- Perry, John R B -- Xu, ChangJiang -- Futema, Marta -- Lawson, Daniel -- Iotchkova, Valentina -- Schiffels, Stephan -- Hendricks, Audrey E -- Danecek, Petr -- Li, Rui -- Floyd, James -- Wain, Louise V -- Barroso, Ines -- Humphries, Steve E -- Hurles, Matthew E -- Zeggini, Eleftheria -- Barrett, Jeffrey C -- Plagnol, Vincent -- Richards, J Brent -- Greenwood, Celia M T -- Timpson, Nicholas J -- Durbin, Richard -- Soranzo, Nicole -- 091551/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 095515/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 095564/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 098498/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 100140/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 104036/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- CZD/16/6/4/Chief Scientist Office/United Kingdom -- MC_UU_12013/3/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- RG/10/13/28570/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- WT091310/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2015 Oct 1;526(7571):82-90. doi: 10.1038/nature14962. Epub 2015 Sep 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26367797" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adiponectin/blood ; Alleles ; Cohort Studies ; Disease/*genetics ; Exome/genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Genetic Variation/*genetics ; Genetics, Medical ; Genetics, Population ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genomics ; Great Britain ; *Health ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism/genetics ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Receptors, LDL/genetics ; Reference Standards ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Triglycerides/blood
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2014-01-11
    Description: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have uncovered many genetic associations for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, data are limited regarding causal genetic variants within implicated loci. We sought to identify regulatory variants ( cis- and trans -eQTLs) affecting expression levels of 93 genes selected by their proximity to SNPs with significant associations in prior GWAS for CVD traits. Expression levels were measured by qRT–PCR in leukocytes from 1846 Framingham Heart Study participants. An additive genetic model was applied to 2.5 million imputed SNPs for each gene. Approximately 45% of genes ( N = 38) harbored at least one cis -eSNP after a regional multiple-test adjustment. Applying a more rigorous significance threshold ( P 〈 5 x 10 –8 ), we found the expression level of 10 genes was significantly associated with more than one cis -eSNP. The top cis -eSNPs for 7 of these 10 genes exhibited moderate-to-strong association with ≥1 CVD clinical phenotypes. Several eSNPs or proxy SNPs ( r 2 = 1) were replicated by other eQTL studies. After adjusting for the lead GWAS SNPs for the 10 genes, expression variances explained by top cis -eSNPs were attenuated markedly for LPL , FADS2 and C6orf184 , suggesting a shared genetic basis for the GWAS and expression trait . A significant association between cis -eSNPs, gene expression and lipid levels was discovered for LPL and C6orf184 . In conclusion, strong cis -acting variants are localized within nearly half of the GWAS loci studied, with particularly strong evidence for a regulatory role of the top GWAS SNP for expression of LPL , FADS2 and C6orf184 .
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2020-12-01
    Description: Background A low replication rate has been reported in some scientific areas motivating the creation of resource intensive collaborations to estimate the replication rate by repeating individual studies. The substantial resources required by these projects limits the number of studies that can be repeated and consequently the generalizability of the findings. We extend the use of a method from Jager and Leek to estimate the false discovery rate for 94 journals over a 5-year period using p values from over 30,000 abstracts enabling the study of how the false discovery rate varies by journal characteristics. Results We find that the empirical false discovery rate is higher for cancer versus general medicine journals (p = 9.801E−07, 95% CI: 0.045, 0.097; adjusted mean false discovery rate cancer = 0.264 vs. general medicine = 0.194). We also find that false discovery rate is negatively associated with log journal impact factor. A two-fold decrease in journal impact factor is associated with an average increase of 0.020 in FDR (p = 2.545E−04). Conversely, we find no statistically significant evidence of a higher false discovery rate, on average, for Open Access versus closed access journals (p = 0.320, 95% CI − 0.015, 0.046, adjusted mean false discovery rate Open Access = 0.241 vs. closed access = 0.225). Conclusions Our results identify areas of research that may need additional scrutiny and support to facilitate replicable science. Given our publicly available R code and data, others can complete a broad assessment of the empirical false discovery rate across other subject areas and characteristics of published research.
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-2105
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science
    Published by BioMed Central
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