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  • 1
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    Genome-wide analysis of Musashi-2 targets reveals novel functions in governing epithelial cell migration (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-06
    Description: The Musashi-2 (Msi2) RNA-binding protein maintains stem cell self-renewal and promotes oncogenesis by enhancing cell proliferation in hematopoietic and gastrointestinal tissues. However, it is unclear how Msi2 recognizes and regulates mRNA targets in vivo and whether Msi2 primarily controls cell growth in all cell types. Here we identified Msi2 targets with HITS-CLIP and revealed that Msi2 primarily recognizes mRNA 3'UTRs at sites enriched in multiple copies of UAG motifs in epithelial progenitor cells. RNA-seq and ribosome profiling demonstrated that Msi2 promotes targeted mRNA decay without affecting translation efficiency. Unexpectedly, the most prominent Msi2 targets identified are key regulators that govern cell motility with a high enrichment in focal adhesion and extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, in addition to regulators of cell growth and survival. Loss of Msi2 stimulates epithelial cell migration, increases the number of focal adhesions and also compromises cell growth. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of Msi2's recognition and repression of targets and uncover a key function of Msi2 in restricting epithelial cell migration.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Encounter with saturn: voyager 1 imaging science results (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-04-10
    Description: As Voyager 1 flew through the Saturn system it returned photographs revealing many new and surprising characteristics of this complicated community of bodies. Saturn's atmosphere has numerous, low-contrast, discrete cloud features and a pattern of circulation significantly different from that of Jupiter. Titan is shrouded in a haze layer that varies in thickness and appearance. Among the icy satellites there is considerable variety in density, albedo, and surface morphology and substantial evidence for endogenic surface modification. Trends in density and crater characteristics are quite unlike those of the Galilean satellites. Small inner satellites, three of which were discovered in Voyager images, interact gravitationally with one another and with the ring particles in ways not observed elsewhere in the solar system. Saturn's broad A, B, and C rings contain hundreds of "ringlets," and in the densest portion of the B ring there are numerous nonaxisymmetric features. The narrow F ring has three components which, in at least one instance, are kinked and crisscrossed. Two rings are observed beyond the F ring, and material is seen between the C ring and the planet.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, B A -- Soderblom, L -- Beebe, R -- Boyce, J -- Briggs, G -- Bunker, A -- Collins, S A -- Hansen, C J -- Johnson, T V -- Mitchell, J L -- Terrile, R J -- Carr, M -- Cook, A F 2nd -- Cuzzi, J -- Pollack, J B -- Danielson, G E -- Ingersoll, A -- Davies, M E -- Hunt, G E -- Masursky, H -- Shoemaker, E -- Morrison, D -- Owen, T -- Sagan, C -- Veverka, J -- Strom, R -- Suomi, V E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 10;212(4491):163-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17783827" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    A new look at the saturn system: the voyager 2 images (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-01-29
    Description: Voyager 2 photography has complemented that of Voyager I in revealing many additional characteristics of Saturn and its satellites and rings. Saturn's atmosphere contains persistent oval cloud features reminiscent of features on Jupiter. Smaller irregular features track out a pattern of zonal winds that is symmetric about Saturn's equator and appears to extend to great depth. Winds are predominantly eastward and reach 500 meters per second at the equator. Titan has several haze layers with significantly varying optical properties and a northern polar "collar" that is dark at short wavelengths. Several satellites have been photographed at substantially improved resolution. Enceladus' surface ranges from old, densely cratered terrain to relatively young, uncratered plains crossed by grooves and faults. Tethys has a crater 400 kilometers in diameter whose floor has domed to match Tethys' surface curvature and a deep trench that extends at least 270 degrees around Tethys' circumference. Hyperion is cratered and irregular in shape. Iapetus' bright, trailing hemisphere includes several dark-floored craters, and Phoebe has a very low albedo and rotates in the direction opposite to that of its orbital revolution with a period of 9 hours. Within Saturn's rings, the "birth" of a spoke has been observed, and surprising azimuthal and time variability is found in the ringlet structure of the outer B ring. These observations lead to speculations about Saturn's internal structure and about the collisional and thermal history of the rings and satellites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, B A -- Soderblom, L -- Batson, R -- Bridges, P -- Inge, J -- Masursky, H -- Shoemaker, E -- Beebe, R -- Boyce, J -- Briggs, G -- Bunker, A -- Collins, S A -- Hansen, C J -- Johnson, T V -- Mitchell, J L -- Terrile, R J -- Cook, A F 2nd -- Cuzzi, J -- Pollack, J B -- Danielson, G E -- Ingersoll, A P -- Davies, M E -- Hunt, G E -- Morrison, D -- Owen, T -- Sagan, C -- Veverka, J -- Strom, R -- Suomi, V E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 29;215(4532):504-37.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17771273" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The unusual afterglow of the γ-ray burst of 26 March 1998 as evidence for a supernova connection (1999)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 401 (1999), S. 453-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Cosmic γ-ray bursts have now been firmly established as one of the most powerful phenomena in the Universe, releasing almost the rest-mass energy of a neutron star within the space of a few seconds (ref. 1). The two most popular models to explain γ-ray bursts are ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/46744
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultra-relativistic electrons in Jupiter's radiation belts (2002)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 415 (2002), S. 987-991 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Ground-based observations have shown that Jupiter is a two-component source of microwave radio emission: thermal atmospheric emission and synchrotron emission from energetic electrons spiralling in Jupiter's magnetic field. Later in situ measurements confirmed the existence of Jupiter's ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/415987a
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High process gain opto-electronic matched filters for communications applications (1971)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 3 (1971), S. 77-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper is concerned with the application of opto-electronic signal processing to a certain class of interference-resistant communications techniques. The processing techniques are applicable to spread spectrum digital transmissions which are processed by a matched filter at the receiver. The analysis of optical delay line matched filters of the diffraction type is discussed. The analysis considers the basic ultrasonic light modulator, that is, the modulation of a light source by a sonic wave. The sonic wave may represent a received spread spectrum signal or received noise or a combination of both. Two ultrasonic modulators in cascade perform the desired correlation or matched filter function. The analysis considers the effects of intermodulation of signal and noise and also the effects of the beamspreading and attenuation of the sonic signal in the delay lines. Finally, the design of a matched filter having 40 dB process gain is presented together with an estimate of its communications performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01424085
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  • 7
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    The photometric properties of galaxies in the early Universe (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-19
    Description: We use the large cosmological hydro-dynamic simulation B lue T ides to predict the photometric properties of galaxies during the epoch of reionization ( z = 8–15). These properties include the rest-frame UV to near-IR broad-band spectral energy distributions, the Lyman continuum (LyC) photon production, the UV star formation rate calibration, and intrinsic UV continuum slope. In particular we focus on exploring the effect of various modelling assumptions, including the assumed choice of stellar population synthesis (SPS) model, initial mass function, and the escape fraction of LyC photons, upon these quantities. We find that these modelling assumptions can have a dramatic effect on photometric properties leading to consequences for the accurate determination of physical properties from observations. For example, at z = 8 we predict that nebular emission can account for up to 50 per cent of the rest-frame R -band luminosity, while the choice of SPS model can change the LyC production rate up to a factor of x 2.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    The KMOS AGN Survey at High redshift (KASHz): the prevalence and drivers of ionized outflows in the host galaxies of X-ray AGN (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-25
    Description: We present the first results from the KMOS ( K -band Multi-Object Spectrograph) AGN (active galactic nuclei) Survey at High redshift (KASH z ), a VLT/KMOS integral-field spectroscopic (IFS) survey of z 0.6 AGN. We present galaxy-integrated spectra of 89 X-ray AGN ( L 2–10 keV = 10 42 –10 45  erg s –1 ), for which we observed [O iii ] ( z 1.1–1.7) or Hα emission ( z 0.6–1.1). The targets have X-ray luminosities representative of the parent AGN population and we explore the emission-line luminosities as a function of X-ray luminosity. For the [O iii ] targets, 50 per cent have ionized gas velocities indicative of gas that is dominated by outflows and/or highly turbulent material (i.e. overall line widths 600 km s –1 ). The most luminous half (i.e. L X 〉 6 x 10 43  erg s –1 ) have a 2 times higher incidence of such velocities. On the basis of our results, we find no evidence that X-ray obscured AGN are more likely to host extreme kinematics than unobscured AGN. Our KASH z sample has a distribution of gas velocities that is consistent with a luminosity-matched sample of z 〈 0.4 AGN. This implies little evolution in the prevalence of ionized outflows, for a fixed AGN luminosity, despite an order-of-magnitude decrease in average star formation rates over this redshift range. Furthermore, we compare our Hα targets to a redshift-matched sample of star-forming galaxies and despite a similar distribution of Hα luminosities and likely star formation rates, we find extreme ionized gas velocities are up to 10 times more prevalent in the AGN-host galaxies. Our results reveal a high prevalence of extreme ionized gas velocities in high-luminosity X-ray AGN and imply that the most powerful ionized outflows in high-redshift galaxies are driven by AGN activity.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    The KMOS Redshift One Spectroscopic Survey (KROSS): dynamical properties, gas and dark matter fractions of typical z ~ 1 star-forming galaxies (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-06
    Description: The KMOS Redshift One Spectroscopic Survey (KROSS) is an ESO-guaranteed time survey of 795 typical star-forming galaxies in the redshift range z = 0.8–1.0 with the KMOS instrument on the Very Large Telescope. In this paper, we present resolved kinematics and star formation rates for 584 z ~ 1 galaxies. This constitutes the largest near-infrared Integral Field Unit survey of galaxies at z ~ 1 to date. We demonstrate the success of our selection criteria with 90 per cent of our targets found to be H α emitters, of which 81 per cent are spatially resolved. The fraction of the resolved KROSS sample with dynamics dominated by ordered rotation is found to be 83 ± 5 per cent. However, when compared with local samples these are turbulent discs with high gas to baryonic mass fractions, ~35 per cent, and the majority are consistent with being marginally unstable (Toomre Q ~ 1). There is no strong correlation between galaxy averaged velocity dispersion and the total star formation rate, suggesting that feedback from star formation is not the origin of the elevated turbulence. We postulate that it is the ubiquity of high (likely molecular) gas fractions and the associated gravitational instabilities that drive the elevated star formation rates in these typical z ~ 1 galaxies, leading to the 10-fold enhanced star formation rate density. Finally, by comparing the gas masses obtained from inverting the star formation law with the dynamical and stellar masses, we infer an average dark matter to total mass fraction within 2.2 r e (9.5 kpc) of 65 ± 12 per cent, in agreement with the results from hydrodynamic simulations of galaxy formation.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    KROSS: mapping the H{alpha} emission across the star formation sequence at z {approx} 1 (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-24
    Description: We present first results from the KMOS ( K -band Multi-Object Spectrograph) Redshift One Spectroscopic Survey, an ongoing large kinematical survey of a thousand, z ~ 1 star-forming galaxies, with VLT KMOS. Out of the targeted galaxies (~500 so far), we detect and spatially resolve Hα emission in ~90 and 77 per cent of the sample, respectively. Based on the integrated Hα flux measurements and the spatially resolved maps, we derive a median star formation rate (SFR) of ~7.0 M  yr –1 and a median physical size of 〈 $r^{\prime }_{\rm 1/2}$ 〉 = 5.1 kpc. We combine the inferred SFRs and effective radii measurements to derive the star formation surface densities ( SFR ) and present a ‘resolved’ version of the star formation main sequence (MS) that appears to hold at subgalactic scales, with similar slope and scatter as the one inferred from galaxy-integrated properties. Our data also yield a trend between SFR and (sSFR) (distance from the MS) suggesting that galaxies with higher sSFR are characterized by denser star formation activity. Similarly, we find evidence for an anticorrelation between the gas phase metallicity ( Z ) and the (sSFR), suggesting a 0.2 dex variation in the metal content of galaxies within the MS and significantly lower metallicities for galaxies above it. The origin of the observed trends between SFR –(sSFR) and Z –(sSFR) could be driven by an interplay between variations of the gas fraction or the star formation efficiency of the galaxies along and off the MS. To address this, follow-up observations of our sample that will allow gas mass estimates are necessary.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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