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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2015-09-16
    Description: In this paper, we further investigate the relationship, reported by Oates et al., between the optical/UV afterglow luminosity (measured at restframe 200 s) and average afterglow decay rate (measured from restframe 200 s onwards) of long duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We extend the analysis by examining the X-ray light curves, finding a consistent correlation. We therefore explore how the parameters of these correlations relate to the prompt emission phase and, using a Monte Carlo simulation, explore whether these correlations are consistent with predictions of the standard afterglow model. We find significant correlations between: log L O, 200 s and log L X, 200 s ; α O , 〉200 s and α X , 〉200 s , consistent with simulations. The model also predicts relationships between log E iso and log L 200 s ; however, while we find such relationships in the observed sample, the slope of the linear regression is shallower than that simulated and inconsistent at 3. Simulations also do not agree with correlations observed between log L 200 s and α 〉 200 s , or $\rm log\;\it E_{iso}$ and α 〉 200 s . Overall, these observed correlations are consistent with a common underlying physical mechanism producing GRBs and their afterglows regardless of their detailed temporal behaviour. However, a basic afterglow model has difficulty explaining all the observed correlations. This leads us to briefly discuss alternative more complex models.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2015-09-27
    Description: In this paper, we further investigate the relationship, reported by Oates et al., between the optical/UV afterglow luminosity (measured at restframe 200 s) and average afterglow decay rate (measured from restframe 200 s onwards) of long duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We extend the analysis by examining the X-ray light curves, finding a consistent correlation. We therefore explore how the parameters of these correlations relate to the prompt emission phase and, using a Monte Carlo simulation, explore whether these correlations are consistent with predictions of the standard afterglow model. We find significant correlations between: log L O, 200 s and log L X, 200 s ; α O , 〉200 s and α X , 〉200 s , consistent with simulations. The model also predicts relationships between log E iso and log L 200 s ; however, while we find such relationships in the observed sample, the slope of the linear regression is shallower than that simulated and inconsistent at 3. Simulations also do not agree with correlations observed between log L 200 s and α 〉 200 s , or $\rm log\;\it E_{iso}$ and α 〉 200 s . Overall, these observed correlations are consistent with a common underlying physical mechanism producing GRBs and their afterglows regardless of their detailed temporal behaviour. However, a basic afterglow model has difficulty explaining all the observed correlations. This leads us to briefly discuss alternative more complex models.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1999-03-26
    Description: Polarization of the optical emission from GRB 990123 was measured on 24.17 January 1999 universal time with the Nordic Optical Telescope. An upper limit of 2.3% on the linear polarization was found. Accurate polarization measurements provide important clues to the blast wave geometry and magnetic field structure of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The lack of detectable polarization for GRB 990123 indicates that the optical afterglow was produced by a blast wave of unknown geometry with an insignificant coherent magnetic field or by a beamed outflow at high Lorentz factor seen at a small viewing angle. Such a collimated jet would help solve the problem of energy release in this exceptionally luminous cosmological burst.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hjorth -- Bjornsson -- Andersen -- Caon -- Cairos -- Castro-Tirado -- Osorio -- Pedersen -- Costa -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 26;283(5410):2073-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Astronomical Observatory, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland. Nordic Optical Telescope, Ap. 474 St. Cruz de La Palma, E-387.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10092227" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1998-02-27
    Description: An optical transient within the error box of the gamma ray burst GRB 970508 was imaged 4 hours after the event. It displayed a strong ultraviolet excess, and reached maximum brightness 2 days later. The optical spectra did not show any emission lines, and no variations on time scales of minutes were observed for 1 hour during the decline phase. According to the fireball and afterglow models, the intensity should rise monotonically before the observed optical maximum, but the data indicate that another physical mechanism may be responsible for the constant phase seen during the first hours after the burst.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Castro-Tirado -- Gorosabel -- Benitez -- Wolf -- Fockenbrock -- Martinez-Gonzalez -- Kristen -- Broeils -- Pedersen -- Greiner -- Costa -- Feroci -- Piro -- Frontera -- Nicastro -- Palazzi -- Bartolini -- Guarnieri -- Masetti -- Piccioni -- Mignoli -- Wold -- Lacy -- Birkle -- Broadhurst -- et -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 13;279(5353):1011-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉A. J. Castro-Tirado and J. Gorosabel, Laboratorio de Astrofisica Espacial y Fisica Fundamental, INTA, Madrid, Spain. N. Benitez and E. Martinez-Gonzalez, Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, Santander, Spain. C. Wolf, R. Fockenbrock, K. Birkle, Ma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9461429" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1999-03-26
    Description: Broad-band (ultraviolet to near-infrared) observations of the intense gamma ray burst GRB 990123 started approximately 8.5 hours after the event and continued until 18 February 1999. When combined with other data, in particular from the Robotic Telescope and Transient Source Experiment (ROTSE) and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), evidence emerges for a smoothly declining light curve, suggesting some color dependence that could be related to a cooling break passing the ultraviolet-optical band at about 1 day after the high-energy event. The steeper decline rate seen after 1.5 to 2 days may be evidence for a collimated jet pointing toward the observer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Castro-Tirado -- Zapatero-Osorio -- Caon -- Cairos -- Hjorth -- Pedersen -- Andersen -- Gorosabel -- Bartolini -- Guarnieri -- Piccioni -- Frontera -- Masetti -- Palazzi -- Pian -- Greiner -- Hudec -- Sagar -- Pandey -- Mohan V -- Yadav -- Nilakshi -- Bjornsson -- Jakobsson -- Burud I -- et -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 26;283(5410):2069-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, IAA-CSIC, Granada, Spain. Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Astronomical Observatory, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Nordic Optical Telescope, La Palma, T.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10092226" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1999-03-26
    Description: An optical spectrum of the afterglow from the unusually bright gamma-ray burst GRB 990123 obtained on 24.25 January 1999 universal time showed an absorption system at a redshift of z = 1.600. The absence of a hydrogen Lyman alpha forest sets an upper limit of z 〈 2.17, whereas ultraviolet photometry indicates an upper limit of z 〈 2.05. The probability of intersecting an absorption system as strong as the one observed along a random line of sight out to this z is at most a few percent, implying that GRB 990123 was probably at z = 1. 600. Currently favored cosmological parameters imply that an isotropic energy release equivalent to the rest mass of 1.8 neutron stars (4.5 x 10(54) erg) was emitted in gamma rays. Nonisotropic emission, such as intrinsic beaming, may resolve this energy problem.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Andersen -- Castro-Tirado -- Hjorth -- Moller -- Pedersen -- Caon -- Cairos -- Korhonen -- Osorio -- Perez -- Frontera -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 26;283(5410):2075-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nordic Optical Telescope, Apartado 474 St. Cruz de La Palma, E-38700 Canarias, Spain. Laboratorio de Astrofisica Espacial y Fisica Fundamental, Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial, Post Office Box 50727, E-28080 Madrid, Spain. Insti.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10092228" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2008-09-27
    Description: Magnetars are young neutron stars with very strong magnetic fields of the order of 10(14)-10(15) G. They are detected in our Galaxy either as soft gamma-ray repeaters or anomalous X-ray pulsars. Soft gamma-ray repeaters are a rare type of gamma-ray transient sources that are occasionally detected as bursters in the high-energy sky. No optical counterpart to the gamma-ray flares or the quiescent source has yet been identified. Here we report multi-wavelength observations of a puzzling source, SWIFT J195509+261406. We detected more than 40 flaring episodes in the optical band over a time span of three days, and a faint infrared flare 11 days later, after which the source returned to quiescence. Our radio observations confirm a Galactic nature and establish a lower distance limit of approximately 3.7 kpc. We suggest that SWIFT J195509+261406 could be an isolated magnetar whose bursting activity has been detected at optical wavelengths, and for which the long-term X-ray emission is short-lived. In this case, a new manifestation of magnetar activity has been recorded and we can consider SWIFT J195509+261406 to be a link between the 'persistent' soft gamma-ray repeaters/anomalous X-ray pulsars and dim isolated neutron stars.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Castro-Tirado, A J -- de Ugarte Postigo, A -- Gorosabel, J -- Jelinek, M -- Fatkhullin, T A -- Sokolov, V V -- Ferrero, P -- Kann, D A -- Klose, S -- Sluse, D -- Bremer, M -- Winters, J M -- Nuernberger, D -- Perez-Ramirez, D -- Guerrero, M A -- French, J -- Melady, G -- Hanlon, L -- McBreen, B -- Leventis, K -- Markoff, S B -- Leon, S -- Kraus, A -- Aceituno, F J -- Cunniffe, R -- Kubanek, P -- Vitek, S -- Schulze, S -- Wilson, A C -- Hudec, R -- Durant, M -- Gonzalez-Perez, J M -- Shahbaz, T -- Guziy, S -- Pandey, S B -- Pavlenko, L -- Sonbas, E -- Trushkin, S A -- Bursov, N N -- Nizhelskij, N A -- Sanchez-Fernandez, C -- Sabau-Graziati, L -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 25;455(7212):506-9. doi: 10.1038/nature07328.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IAA-CSIC), PO Box 03004, E-18080 Granada, Spain. ajct@iaa.es〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18818652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2009-10-30
    Description: Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are thought to result from the explosions of certain massive stars, and some are bright enough that they should be observable out to redshifts of z 〉 20 using current technology. Hitherto, the highest redshift measured for any object was z = 6.96, for a Lyman-alpha emitting galaxy. Here we report that GRB 090423 lies at a redshift of z approximately 8.2, implying that massive stars were being produced and dying as GRBs approximately 630 Myr after the Big Bang. The burst also pinpoints the location of its host galaxy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tanvir, N R -- Fox, D B -- Levan, A J -- Berger, E -- Wiersema, K -- Fynbo, J P U -- Cucchiara, A -- Kruhler, T -- Gehrels, N -- Bloom, J S -- Greiner, J -- Evans, P A -- Rol, E -- Olivares, F -- Hjorth, J -- Jakobsson, P -- Farihi, J -- Willingale, R -- Starling, R L C -- Cenko, S B -- Perley, D -- Maund, J R -- Duke, J -- Wijers, R A M J -- Adamson, A J -- Allan, A -- Bremer, M N -- Burrows, D N -- Castro-Tirado, A J -- Cavanagh, B -- de Ugarte Postigo, A -- Dopita, M A -- Fatkhullin, T A -- Fruchter, A S -- Foley, R J -- Gorosabel, J -- Kennea, J -- Kerr, T -- Klose, S -- Krimm, H A -- Komarova, V N -- Kulkarni, S R -- Moskvitin, A S -- Mundell, C G -- Naylor, T -- Page, K -- Penprase, B E -- Perri, M -- Podsiadlowski, P -- Roth, K -- Rutledge, R E -- Sakamoto, T -- Schady, P -- Schmidt, B P -- Soderberg, A M -- Sollerman, J -- Stephens, A W -- Stratta, G -- Ukwatta, T N -- Watson, D -- Westra, E -- Wold, T -- Wolf, C -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 29;461(7268):1254-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08459.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK. nrt3@star.le.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19865165" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-06-18
    Description: Variable x-ray and gamma-ray emission is characteristic of the most extreme physical processes in the universe. We present multiwavelength observations of a unique gamma-ray-selected transient detected by the Swift satellite, accompanied by bright emission across the electromagnetic spectrum, and whose properties are unlike any previously observed source. We pinpoint the event to the center of a small, star-forming galaxy at redshift z = 0.3534. Its high-energy emission has lasted much longer than any gamma-ray burst, whereas its peak luminosity was approximately 100 times higher than bright active galactic nuclei. The association of the outburst with the center of its host galaxy suggests that this phenomenon has its origin in a rare mechanism involving the massive black hole in the nucleus of that galaxy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levan, A J -- Tanvir, N R -- Cenko, S B -- Perley, D A -- Wiersema, K -- Bloom, J S -- Fruchter, A S -- Postigo, A de Ugarte -- O'Brien, P T -- Butler, N -- van der Horst, A J -- Leloudas, G -- Morgan, A N -- Misra, K -- Bower, G C -- Farihi, J -- Tunnicliffe, R L -- Modjaz, M -- Silverman, J M -- Hjorth, J -- Thone, C -- Cucchiara, A -- Ceron, J M Castro -- Castro-Tirado, A J -- Arnold, J A -- Bremer, M -- Brodie, J P -- Carroll, T -- Cooper, M C -- Curran, P A -- Cutri, R M -- Ehle, J -- Forbes, D -- Fynbo, J -- Gorosabel, J -- Graham, J -- Hoffman, D I -- Guziy, S -- Jakobsson, P -- Kamble, A -- Kerr, T -- Kasliwal, M M -- Kouveliotou, C -- Kocevski, D -- Law, N M -- Nugent, P E -- Ofek, E O -- Poznanski, D -- Quimby, R M -- Rol, E -- Romanowsky, A J -- Sanchez-Ramirez, R -- Schulze, S -- Singh, N -- van Spaandonk, L -- Starling, R L C -- Strom, R G -- Tello, J C -- Vaduvescu, O -- Wheatley, P J -- Wijers, R A M J -- Winters, J M -- Xu, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 8;333(6039):199-202. doi: 10.1126/science.1207143. Epub 2011 Jun 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK. a.j.levan@warwick.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21680811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2011-10-28
    Description: The dwarf planet Eris is a trans-Neptunian object with an orbital eccentricity of 0.44, an inclination of 44 degrees and a surface composition very similar to that of Pluto. It resides at present at 95.7 astronomical units (1 AU is the Earth-Sun distance) from Earth, near its aphelion and more than three times farther than Pluto. Owing to this great distance, measuring its size or detecting a putative atmosphere is difficult. Here we report the observation of a multi-chord stellar occultation by Eris on 6 November 2010 UT. The event is consistent with a spherical shape for Eris, with radius 1,163 +/- 6 kilometres, density 2.52 +/- 0.05 grams per cm(3) and a high visible geometric albedo, Pv = 0.96(+0.09)(-0.04). No nitrogen, argon or methane atmospheres are detected with surface pressure larger than approximately 1 nanobar, about 10,000 times more tenuous than Pluto's present atmosphere. As Pluto's radius is estimated to be between 1,150 and 1,200 kilometres, Eris appears as a Pluto twin, with a bright surface possibly caused by a collapsed atmosphere, owing to its cold environment. We anticipate that this atmosphere may periodically sublimate as Eris approaches its perihelion, at 37.8 astronomical units from the Sun.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sicardy, B -- Ortiz, J L -- Assafin, M -- Jehin, E -- Maury, A -- Lellouch, E -- Hutton, R Gil -- Braga-Ribas, F -- Colas, F -- Hestroffer, D -- Lecacheux, J -- Roques, F -- Santos-Sanz, P -- Widemann, T -- Morales, N -- Duffard, R -- Thirouin, A -- Castro-Tirado, A J -- Jelinek, M -- Kubanek, P -- Sota, A -- Sanchez-Ramirez, R -- Andrei, A H -- Camargo, J I B -- da Silva Neto, D N -- Gomes, A Ramos Jr -- Martins, R Vieira -- Gillon, M -- Manfroid, J -- Tozzi, G P -- Harlingten, C -- Saravia, S -- Behrend, R -- Mottola, S -- Melendo, E Garcia -- Peris, V -- Fabregat, J -- Madiedo, J M -- Cuesta, L -- Eibe, M T -- Ullan, A -- Organero, F -- Pastor, S -- de Los Reyes, J A -- Pedraz, S -- Castro, A -- de la Cueva, I -- Muler, G -- Steele, I A -- Cebrian, M -- Montanes-Rodriguez, P -- Oscoz, A -- Weaver, D -- Jacques, C -- Corradi, W J B -- Santos, F P -- Reis, W -- Milone, A -- Emilio, M -- Gutierrez, L -- Vazquez, R -- Hernandez-Toledo, H -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 26;478(7370):493-6. doi: 10.1038/nature10550.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉LESIA-Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Universite Paris-Diderot, 11, Rue Marcelin Berthelot, 92195 Meudon cedex, France. bruno.sicardy@obspm.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22031441" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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