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  • 1
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    The pluripotency factor Oct4 interacts with Ctcf and also controls X-chromosome pairing and counting (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-19
    Description: Pluripotency of embryonic stem (ES) cells is controlled by defined transcription factors. During differentiation, mouse ES cells undergo global epigenetic reprogramming, as exemplified by X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in which one female X chromosome is silenced to achieve gene dosage parity between the sexes. Somatic XCI is regulated by homologous X-chromosome pairing and counting, and by the random choice of future active and inactive X chromosomes. XCI and cell differentiation are tightly coupled, as blocking one process compromises the other and dedifferentiation of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells is accompanied by X chromosome reactivation. Recent evidence suggests coupling of Xist expression to pluripotency factors occurs, but how the two are interconnected remains unknown. Here we show that Oct4 (also known as Pou5f1) lies at the top of the XCI hierarchy, and regulates XCI by triggering X-chromosome pairing and counting. Oct4 directly binds Tsix and Xite, two regulatory noncoding RNA genes of the X-inactivation centre, and also complexes with XCI trans-factors, Ctcf and Yy1 (ref. 17), through protein-protein interactions. Depletion of Oct4 blocks homologous X-chromosome pairing and results in the inactivation of both X chromosomes in female cells. Thus, we have identified the first trans-factor that regulates counting, and ascribed new functions to Oct4 during X-chromosome reprogramming.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3057664/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3057664/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Donohoe, Mary E -- Silva, Susana S -- Pinter, Stefan F -- Xu, Na -- Lee, Jeannie T -- GM58839/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM058839/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM058839-10/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 2;460(7251):128-32. doi: 10.1038/nature08098. Epub 2009 Jun 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19536159" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; *Chromosome Pairing ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics ; Repressor Proteins/*metabolism ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors ; Transcriptional Activation ; X Chromosome/*genetics/*metabolism ; X Chromosome Inactivation/*genetics ; YY1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Digestibility of an aquatic macrophyte by the cichlid Etroplus suratensis (Bloch) with observations on the relative merits of three indigenous components as markers and daily changes in protein digestibility (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 23 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The digestibility of the aquatic macrophyte Hydrilla verticellata by the Asian cichlid, Etroplus suratensis was estimated using three indigenous markers viz. hydrolysis resistant organic matter (HROM), crude fibre (CF) and hydrolysis resistant ash (HRA). In the fodder HROM showed the least variation and HRA the highest. The recovery of HRA in the faeces was always higher than 100% whereas HROM was the nearest to 100%. The total digestibility varied between 34·6% and 51·9%, and the digestibility estimates were higher when HRA was considered as the marker. The overall protein and lipid digestibility varied between 59·2%–70·9% and 65·0%–70·1 % respectively. It is suggested that HROM is a better reference marker in comparison CF and HRA. Daily variation in protein digestibility ranged from 51·2% to 81·8%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1983.tb02945.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aspects of the biology of grey mullet, Mugil cephalus L., adult populations of a coastal lagoon in Sri Lanka (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 19 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The biology of grey mullet, Mugil cephalus L., adult populations in a coastal lagoon in Sri Lanka is presented. The percentage of grey mullet catches increased with increasing salinity. The larger fish were found in the deeper areas and the relationship of total length to depth was L= 8.4602e0.0058D where L= total length and D= depth (cm). The overall female to male ratio was 0.95 : 1.0 and seasonal variation in the sex ratio is considered to be caused by the differential timing in the spawning migrations of the two sexes. Males mature at 34.0 cm and females at 31.5 cm. The main spawning season was between January and May and it is hypothesized that the breeding season is geared to utilize the favourable time period, for growth of fry, in the lagoon. Grey mullet sheds its eggs in batches. Fecundity varied from 0.45 to 4.2 million in fish ranging in length from 32 to 56 cm and in weight from 0.7 to 2.2 kg. Fecundity was significantly correlated to body length and weight and gonad weight.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1981.tb05806.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some morphometric and biochemical features of ready-to-migrate silver and pre-migratory yellow stages of the shortfin eel of south-eastern Australian waters (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 61 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The mean total length (LT), mass and age of ready to migrate female silver shortfin eels Anguilla australis from the Hopkins River estuary and the mouth of the Merri River in south-eastern Australia, were 83·2 ± 1·2 cm, 1051 ± 51 g, and 17·2 ± 1·79 years, respectively. The eye index (IE) of the silver shortfin eels was 〈 5·2 (mean 7·64 ± 0·29) and differed significantly from that of the yellow shortfin eels collected from two other sites. The IE increased with LT (mm) and was related by log IE= 2·656 log LT6·925. The per cent moisture, protein and ash content of the liver of silver shortfin eels was significantly lower than in yellow shortfin eels, but lipid content was significantly higher in the former (35·5 ± 2·0%). The mean mass μg mg lipid −) of saturates (230·4 ± 2·6 v. 181·7 ±2·6), monoenes (367·4 ± 6·3 v. 290·8 ± 8·9) and PUFA (177·3 ± 5·3 v. 159·7 ± 4·6) in muscle was significantly higher, and the great majority of individual fatty acids was found also in higher quantities in silver shortfin eels. In the liver, the PUFA found in the highest quantity was 22:6n-3, except in shortfin eels from Hopkins River estuary, and the amount of 18:2n-6 in the liver of silver shortfin eels was significantly higher than that in yellow shortfin eels but the reverse was true of 20:4n-6. In both muscle and liver tissues the saturate 16:0 and the monoene 18:ln-9 collectively accounted for 〉50% of all the fatty acids in the lipid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb01852.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Digestibility and amino acid availability of three protein-rich ingredient-incorporated diets by Murray cod Maccullochella peelii peelii (Mitchell) and the Australian shortfin eel Anguilla australis Richardson (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 31 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In this study, the apparent dry matter (ADM), protein (PD) and energy (ED) digestibility, and the amino acid availability (essential, EAAA; non-essential, NEAAA; total, TAAA) of diets incorporated with one of three protein-rich ingredients (soybean meal, shark meat meal waste and meat meal) were evaluated for Murray cod Maccullochella peelii peelii (Mitchell) and the Australian shortfin eel Anguilla australis Richardson. The reference diets (RDs) used for Murray cod and shortfin eel had 50% and 45% protein, and 10% and 15% lipid respectively. The test diets consisted of 30% ingredient and 70% RD, and digestibility estimations were made using chromic oxide as a marker.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2000.00432.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in proximate and amino acid composition during early development of two Australian Percichthyid fish, Macquarie perch, Macquaria australasica Cuvier, and trout cod, Maccullochella macquarensis (Cuvier) (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 29 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In the present paper, the results of a study on changes in the proximate and amino acid composition of the eggs and larvae of two Australian native Percichthyid fish, Macquarie perch, Macquaria australasica Cuvier, and trout cod, Maccullochella macquarensis (Cuvier), are presented. The stages of development studied were unfertilized and fertilized eggs, newly hatched larvae, and post-yolk-sac larvae (in Macquarie perch only). In Macquarie perch, significant changes in moisture content occurred throughout development, but this was not so in trout cod. The protein content (per cent dry weight) in Macquarie perch larvae only decreased significantly after hatching (P 〈 0.05). On the other hand, the total lipid (by dry weight) increased significantly during this transformation (P 〈 0.05), and decreased significantly in yolk-sac-resorbed larvae. In trout cod, the protein and lipid content did not change significantly up to hatching. The ash content increased significantly in newly hatched and yolk-sac-resorbed larvae of both species. The total amino acid contents of unfertilized eggs, fertilized eggs, newly hatched larvae and yolk-sac-resorbed larvae of Macquarie perch and trout cod were 5752, 4652, 3696 and 2723 μmol g−1 (dry weight), and 4688. 3448 and 2329 μmol g−1, respectively. In the amino acid pool in Macquarie perch, the essential amino acids (EAAs) leucine, isoleucine and valine, and the non-essential amino acids (NEAAs) alanine, aspargine and glutamate occurred in the greatest quantities in non-fertilized eggs, and the cysteine content was the smallest. In Macquarie perch, five out of nine EAAs (i.e. isoleucine, leucine, lysine, threonine and valine) and six out of eight NEAAs (i.e. alanine, asparagine, glutamate, glycine, proline and serine) decreased significantly (P 〈 0.05) from one developmental stage to the other. In trout cod, all the EAAs, barring lysine and all the NEAAs decreased significantly with development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.1998.00222.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary observations on the tank and pond culture of the glass eels of the Australian shortfin eel, Anguilla australis Richardson (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 32 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: There is expanding interest in the culture of the Australian shortfin eel Anguilla australis Richardson; however, there is a lack of fundamental biology and husbandry information necessary to further develop an industry within Australia. The present study was undertaken to gain a preliminary understanding of basic husbandry requirements for rearing of juvenile A. australis (glass eels and elvers) in tanks and earthen ponds. Newly caught glass eels were successfully acclimated to culture conditions. During tank culture trials, specific growth rates (SGR) and survival rates ranged from −2.1 to 2.8% day−1 and 52% to 100% respectively. Glass eels weaned onto a commercial eel diet exhibited a significantly greater SGR and survival rate than those weaned onto a commercial trout diet. Glass eels weaned onto an eel diet over a 15-day period grew slightly faster than eels weaned over a 5-day period, but survival rates were not significantly different for each treatment. SGRs (up to 2.8% day−1) were significantly higher for glass eels fed at 9 and 12% day−1 than at 6% day−1. Stocking densities between 2.5 kg m−3 and 30 kg m−3 did not influence either SGR or survival rates. SGRs were significantly higher for glass eels cultured at 25 °C than at lower temperatures. During pond culture trials, SGRs and survival rates ranged from 1.36 to 1.65% day−1 and 39% to 77% respectively. The SGR and survival rates of juvenile eels stocked into ponds receiving supplementary feeding with a commercial eel diet were not significantly different to those of eels stocked into ponds that did not receive supplementary feeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.2001.00620.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of mixed feeding schedules in fish culture: performance of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., on plant and animal protein based diets (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 26 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A 90-day growth trial was conducted with common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., to test the suitability of mixed feeding using a plant-based low-protein diet (16% -diet A), and two fish-meal-based diets of 26% protein (diet B) and 31% protein (diet C). Three mixed feeding schedules were tested: 1A/2B, 2A/2B and 2A/2C; numerals refer to number of days each diet (A, B or C) was offered continuously. Fish fed diets A, B or C continuously served as controls. Fish grown on diet A grew the least, while there was no significant difference between those fed on diets B or C. Of the three mixed schedules, 2A/2C produced the highest growth, which was better than that on control diets B or C. Specific growth rate (%) and food conversion ratio and protein retention were found to be good for all mixed feeding schedules. The plant protein diet resulted in poor-quality flesh as indicated by carcass composition. The study supports the view that fish can be fed alternately with animal- and plant-protein-based diets of varied protein levels. This practice would help to reduce protein input, and would contribute to the efficient utilization of low-quality, plant-protein-based diets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1995.tb00898.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A brief review of the status and practices of the reservoir fishery in mainland China (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 22 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. The reservoir fishery of China is essentially a post-1950 development. China has an estimated reservoir acreage of 2 × 106ha of which about 1.44 × 1O6ha is used for fisheries. The present reservoir fish production averages 214kg/ha/year and accounts for about 8-9% of the total inland fish production, which is around 4.0 × 1O6mt. The total reservoir fish production and production per unit area in China have been steadily increasing since 1980.The Cwhinese reservoir fishery is essentially a stock and capture fishery. The reservoir management practices and aspects of the present fishery are discussed. Those practices which are not found in the rest of Asia are highlighted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1991.tb00496.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Status of the introduced cichlid Sarotherodon mossambicus (Peters) in the reservoir fishery of Sri Lanka: a management strategy and ecological implications (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Aquaculture research 16 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. The inland fishery in Sri Lanka (6–10°N; 79–82°E) is essentially a fishery confined to man-made lakes and is dominated by the introduced cichlid Sarotherodon mossambicus (Peters). Catch statistics of 20 such major reservoirs indicate that the yield of this species ranges from 64·0 to 918 kg per ha and accounts for between 56 and 99% of the total yield in individual reservoirs. The yield of S. mossambicus is closely related to the fishing pressure exerted. Catch/effort data from the individual reservoir fisheries when analysed collectively simulate changes in a single large fishery. In the fishery the relationship of yield to effort is described by the equation: Y = 4·OX – 53·8X (r= 0·92; P 〈 0·001), where Y = yield in kg per ha per annum and X = number of craft-days per ha per annum, indicating that the reservoirs in Sri Lanka remain underfished. However, very high increases in fishing pressure in two reservoirs, for which data are available over a 5-year period, indicate that the increases have resulted in a significant decline in the catch per unit effort. The reasons for the success of the S. mossambicus fishery in individual reservoirs, and also simulation of features of a single large fishery in reservoirs, with widely different hydrological and limnological regimes, are discussed in qualitative terms. It is hypothesized that the abundance is determined by factors other than food availability. Fresh management strategies to optimize the fishery from the point of view of optimal fishing pressure permissible from the present analysis are suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.1985.tb00298.x
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