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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macrozoobenthic community structure in a high-arctic East Greenland fjord (2000)
    Springer
    Polar biology 23 (2000), S. 792-801 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A macrozoobenthic community study was conducted in an East Greenlandic fjord (Young Sound, 74°18′N; 20°15′W) during the ice-free period from July to August in 1996. Grab samples as well as underwater photography were used for quantifying the macrozoobenthos at water depths between 20 and 85 m. Abundance decreased with depth from 2700 ind. · m−2 at 20 m to 900 ind. · m−2 at 85 m. At a time series station at 35 m, abundance increased from 700 ind. · m−2 in mid-July to 1400 ind. · m−2 in mid-August. Polychaetes dominated in grab samples but bivalves constituted an important part of the benthic fauna, especially at the shallow part of the depth gradient. Photographs revealed high abundances of large epifaunal species, especially brittle stars. Diversity was generally high, with around 45 species per 201 individuals, as calculated by Hurlbert's rarefaction term. A gradual change in community structure with depth was observed, which could be related to variation in sediment composition and disturbance intensity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000000154
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary production, nutrient dynamics and mineralisation in a northeastern Greenland fjord during the summer thaw (1996)
    Springer
    Polar biology 16 (1996), S. 497-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This investigation represents the first integrated study of primary production, nutrient dynamics and mineralisation in a northeastern fjord of Greenland. The data presented represent conditions and activities during the early summer thaw (first 2 weeks of July). Primary production (5.3 mmol C m−2 d−2) and chlorophylla (4.1 μg 1−1) values were found to be comparable with measurements from other Arctic regions. Water column N-fixation rates were low (〈0.02 μmol N m−1 d−1), but comparable with other estuarine systems. Despite a constant low temperature in the bottom waters (-1.0 to -1.8°C), a high sedimentary O2 uptake (740 μmol m−2 h−2) was observed and was primarily caused by the presence of benthic infauna. Bioturbation by benthic infauna was reflected in both homogeneous210Pb and137Cs profiles in the upper 4 cm of the sediment. Permanent accumulation within Young Sound was measured to 0.12 cm/year corresponding to 153 mmol C m−2 year−1 and 15 mmol N m−2 year−1. Rates of nitrification (22 μmol m−2 h−1) and denitrification (9 μmol m−2 h−1) were comparable with rates reported for other sediments with much higher environmental temperatures. Suphate reduction rates integrated over the upper 12 cm of the sediment were calculated to be 44 μmol m−2h−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02329069
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary production, nutrient dynamics and mineralisation in a northeastern Greenland fjord during the summer thaw (1996)
    Springer
    Polar biology 16 (1996), S. 497-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  This investigation represents the first integrated study of primary production, nutrient dynamics and mineralisation in a northeastern fjord of Greenland. The data presented represent conditions and activities during the early summer thaw (first 2 weeks of July). Primary production (5.3 mmol C m-2 d-1) and chlorophyll a (4.1μg l-1) values were found to be comparable with measurements from other Arctic regions. Water column N-fixation rates were low (〈0.02 μmol N m-1 d-1), but comparable with other estuarine systems. Despite a constant low temperature in the bottom waters (−1.0 to −1.8°C), a high sedimentary O2 uptake (740 μmol m-2 h-1) was observed and was primarily caused by the presence of benthic infauna. Bioturbation by benthic infauna was reflected in both homogeneous 210Pb and 137Cs profiles in the upper 4 cm of the sediment. Permanent accumulation within Young Sound was measured to 0.12 cm/year corresponding to 153 mmol C m-2 year-1 and 15 mmol N m-2 year-1. Rates of nitrification (22 μmol m-2 h-1) and denitrification (9 μmol m-2 h-1) were comparable with rates reported for other sediments with much higher environmental temperatures. Suphate reduction rates integrated over the upper 12 cm of the sediment were calculated to be 44 μmol m-2 h-1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050081
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrification, denitrification, and nitrate ammonification in sediments of two coastal lagoons in Southern France (1996)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 329 (1996), S. 133-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Nitrification ; denitrification ; nitrate ; ammonification ; sediments ; isotope ; 15N ; ammonium ; flux
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Seasonal and diurnal variations in sediment-water fluxes of O2, NO 3 − , and NH 4 + as well as rates of nitrification, denitrification, and nitrate ammonification were determined in two different coastal lagoons of southern France: The seagrass (Zostera noltii) dominated tidal Bassin d'Arcachon and the dystrophic Etang du Prévost. Overall, denitrification rates in both Bassin d'Arcachon (〈0.4 mmol m−2 d−1) and Etang du Prévost (〈1 mmol m−2 d−1) were low. This was mainly caused by a combination of low NO 3 − concentrations in the water column and a low nitrification activity within the sediment. In both Bassin d'Arcachon and Etang du Prévost, rates of nitrate ammonification were quantitatively as important as denitrification. Denitrification played a minor role as a nitrogen sink in both systems. In the tidal influenced Bassin d'Arcachon, Z. noltii was quantitatively more important than denitrification as a nitrogen sink due to the high assimilation rates of the plants. Throughout the year, Z. noltii stabilized the mudflats of the bay by its well- developed root matrix and controlled the nitrogen cycle due to its high uptake rates. In contrast, the lack of rooted macrophytes, and dominance of floating macroalgae, made nitrogen cycling in Etang du Prévost more unstable and unpredictable. Inhibition of nitrification and denitrification during the dystrophic crisis in the summer time increased the inorganic nitrogen flux from the sediment to the water column and thus increased the degree of benthic-pelagic coupling within this bay. During winter, however, benthic microalgae colonizing the sediment surface changed the sediment in the lagoon from being a nitrogen source to the over lying water to being a sink due to their high assimilation rates. It is likely, however, that this assimilated nitrogen is liberated to the water column at the onset of summer thereby fueling the extensive growth of the floating macroalgae, Ulva sp. The combination of a high nitrogen coupling between sediment and water column, little water exchange and low denitrification rates resulted in an unstable system with fast growing algal species such as phytoplankton and floating algae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034553
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  • 5
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    Oxygen fluxes beneath Arctic land-fast ice and pack ice: towards estimates of ice productivity (2018)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Polar Biology, Springer, ISSN: 0722-4060
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-14
    Description: Sea-ice ecosystems are among the most extensive of Earth’s habitats; yet its autotrophic and heterotrophic activities remain poorly constrained. We employed the in situ aquatic eddy-covariance (AEC) O2 flux method and laboratory incubation techniques (H14CO3−, [3H] thymidine and [3H] leucine) to assess productivity in Arctic sea-ice using different methods, in conditions ranging from land-fast ice during winter, to pack ice within the central Arctic Ocean during summer. Laboratory tracer measurements resolved rates of bacterial C demand of 0.003–0.166 mmol C m−2 day−1 and primary productivity rates of 0.008–0.125 mmol C m−2 day−1 for the different ice floes. Pack ice in the central Arctic Ocean was overall net autotrophic (0.002–0.063 mmol C m−2 day−1), whereas winter land-fast ice was net heterotrophic (− 0.155 mmol C m−2 day−1). AEC measurements resolved an uptake of O2 by the bottom-ice environment, from ~ − 2 mmol O2 m−2 day−1 under winter land-fast ice to~ − 6 mmol O2 m−2 day−1 under summer pack ice. Flux of O2-deplete meltwater and changes in water flow velocity masked potential biological-mediated activity. AEC estimates of primary productivity were only possible at one study location. Here, productivity rates of 1.3 ± 0.9 mmol O2 m−2 day−1, much larger than concurrent laboratory tracer estimates (0.03 mmol C m−2 day−1), indicate that ice algal production and its importance within the marine Arctic could be underestimated using traditional approaches. Given careful flux interpretation and with further development, the AEC technique represents a promising new tool for assessing oxygen dynamics and sea-ice productivity in ice-covered regions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Monitoring a changing Arctic: Recent advancements in the study of sea ice microbial communities (2021)
    In:  EPIC3Ambio, 51(2), pp. 318-332, ISSN: 0044-7447
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-09
    Description: Sea ice continues to decline across many regions of the Arctic, with remaining ice becoming increasingly younger and more dynamic. These changes alter the habitats of microbial life that live within the sea ice, which support healthy functioning of the marine ecosystem and provision of resources for human-consumption, in addition to influencing biogeochemical cycles (e.g. air–sea CO2 exchange). With the susceptibility of sea ice ecosystems to climate change, there is a pressing need to fill knowledge gaps surrounding sea ice habitats and their microbial communities. Of fundamental importance to this goal is the development of new methodologies that permit effective study of them. Based on outcomes from the DiatomARCTIC project, this paper integrates existing knowledge with case studies to provide insight on how to best document sea ice microbial communities, which contributes to the sustainable use and protection of Arctic marine and coastal ecosystems in a time of environmental change.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    BedMachine v3 : complete bed topography and ocean bathymetry mapping of Greenland from multibeam echo sounding combined with mass conservation (2018)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 44 (2017): 11,051–11,061, doi:10.1002/2017GL074954.
    Description: Greenland's bed topography is a primary control on ice flow, grounding line migration, calving dynamics, and subglacial drainage. Moreover, fjord bathymetry regulates the penetration of warm Atlantic water (AW) that rapidly melts and undercuts Greenland's marine-terminating glaciers. Here we present a new compilation of Greenland bed topography that assimilates seafloor bathymetry and ice thickness data through a mass conservation approach. A new 150 m horizontal resolution bed topography/bathymetric map of Greenland is constructed with seamless transitions at the ice/ocean interface, yielding major improvements over previous data sets, particularly in the marine-terminating sectors of northwest and southeast Greenland. Our map reveals that the total sea level potential of the Greenland ice sheet is 7.42 ± 0.05 m, which is 7 cm greater than previous estimates. Furthermore, it explains recent calving front response of numerous outlet glaciers and reveals new pathways by which AW can access glaciers with marine-based basins, thereby highlighting sectors of Greenland that are most vulnerable to future oceanic forcing.
    Description: National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Cryospheric Sciences Program Grant Number: NNX15AD55G; National Science Foundation's ARCSS program Grant Number: 1504230; NERC Grant Number: NE/M000869/1
    Keywords: Greenland ; Bathymetry ; Mass conservation ; Multibeam echo sounding ; Radar echo sounding ; Glaciology
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 8
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    (Table 2) Length, and carbon, nitrogen and lipid content of adult female Calanus finmarchicus, Calanus glacialis and Calanus hyperboreus specimens from Disko Bay (2011)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-24
    Keywords: Carbon/Nitrogen ratio; Carbon content per individual; DATE/TIME; Disko_Bay-Qeqe; Disko Bay, Greenland; High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC); Length; Length, standard deviation; Lipids; Lipids, standard deviation; Lipids per individual; MULT; Multiple investigations; Nitrogen content per individual; Phospholipids; Phospholipids, standard deviation; Sample amount, subset; Sex; Species; Standard deviation; Triacylglycerols; Triacylglycerols, standard deviation; Wax esters; Wax esters, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 500 data points
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  • 9
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    Characteristics of eggs and female adults of Calanus finmarchicus, C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus from Disko Bay, western Greenland (2011)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Swalethorp, Rasmus; Kjellerup, Sanne; Dünweber, Michael; Nielsen, Torkel Gissel; Møller, Eva Friis; Rysgaard, Søren; Hansen, Benni Winding (2011): Grazing, egg production, and biochemical evidence of differences in the life strategies of Calanus finmarchicus, C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus in Disko Bay, western Greenland. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 429, 125-144, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09065
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-24
    Description: This is the first high temporal-resolution study in Disko Bay covering population dynamics, grazing, reproduction, and biochemical composition of 3 dominating copepod species (Calanus finmarchicus, C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus) from late winter to midsummer in 2008. C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis ascended to the surface layer at the onset of the spring phytoplankton bloom, followed by C. hyperboreus 2 wk later. C. finmarchicus spawning occurred during the bloom and postbloom period, partially fueled by wax esters. C. glacialis commenced spawning before the bloom, yet it was greatly stimulated when food became available. However, feeding and reproduction was terminated after the main bloom despite the presence of food. In terms of feeding, this was also the strategy for C. hyperboreus. Between pre-bloom and post-bloom, C. finmarchicus showed an increase in carbon, nitrogen, and phospholipid content but a decrease in total lipid content. This was likely the result of protein synthesis, oocyte maturation, and spawning fueled by wax esters and by feeding. C. glacialis showed a similar pattern, although with an increasing total lipid content from pre-bloom to post-bloom, and an increasing wax ester and decreasing phospholipid content after reproduction was terminated. C. hyperboreus showed greatly increased content of carbon, nitrogen, and all lipid classes between the pre- and post-bloom periods. Hence, C. finmarchicus commenced feeding and spawning at the onset of the bloom and continued throughout the remaining study period. Both C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus females refueled their storage lipids (wax esters) during the bloom and post-bloom period, suggesting that they may spawn in an additional year.
    Keywords: Disko_Bay-Qeqe; Disko Bay, Greenland; International Polar Year (2007-2008); IPY; MULT; Multiple investigations
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 10
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    (Table 2) Copepod carbon production in the upper 50 m in Godthabsfjord and Fyllas Banke, West Greenland (2010)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Arendt, Kristine Engel; Nielsen, Torkel Gissel; Rysgaard, Søren; Tönnesson, Kajsa (2010): Differences in plankton community structure along the Godthabsfjord, from the Greenland Ice Sheet to offshore waters. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 401, 49-62, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08368
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-24
    Description: This study describes differences in plankton community structure and in chemical and physical gradients between the offshore West Greenland Current system and inland regions close to the Greenland Ice Sheet during the post-bloom in Godthabsfjorden (64° N, 51° W). The offshore region had pronounced vertical mixing, with centric diatoms and Phaeocystis spp. dominating the phytoplankton, chlorophyll (chl) a (0.3 to 3.9 µg/l) was evenly distributed and nutrients were depleted in the upper 50 m. Ciliates and heterotrophic dinoflagellates constituted equal parts of the protozooplankton biomass. Copepod biomass was dominated by Calanus spp. Primary production, copepod production and the vertical flux were high offshore. The water column was stratified in the fjord, causing chl a to be concentrated in a thin sub-surface layer. Nutrients were depleted above the pycnocline, and Thalassiosira spp. dominated the phytoplankton assemblage close to the ice sheet. Dinoflagellates dominated the protozooplankton biomass, whereas copepod biomass was low and was dominated by Pseudocalanus spp. and Metridia longa. Primary production was low in the outer part of the fjord but considerably higher in the inner parts of the fjord. Copepod production was exceeded by protozooplankton production in the fjord. The results of both physical/chemical factors and biological parameters suggest separation of offshore and fjord systems.
    Keywords: Adolf Jensen; AJ_200605; AJ_FB1; AJ_FB1.5; AJ_FB2; AJ_FB2.5; AJ_FB3; AJ_FB3.5; AJ_FB4; AJ_GF1; AJ_GF10; AJ_GF13; AJ_GF2; AJ_GF3; AJ_GF5; AJ_GF7; Copepoda, eggs, production as carbon; Copepoda, production of carbon; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; Description; Estimated, after Hirst & Bunker (2003); Event label; Fyllas Banke, West Greenland; Godthåbsfjord, West Greenland; International Polar Year (2007-2008); IPY; Latitude of event; Longitude of event; MULT; Multiple investigations; Station label
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 98 data points
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