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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic and microstructural properties of CoCrTa/Cr/Al thin films (abstract) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5357-5357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: CoCrTa/Cr/Al and CoCrTa/Cr thin films were deposited on glass substrate at 280 °C using dc magnetron sputtering. The coercivity of CoCrTa/Cr films increased by introducing an Al underlayer. In 500 A(ring) CoCrTa/Cr films, the coercivity increased with increasing Cr thickness and saturated above 700 A(ring) Cr thickness (Hc=1050 Oe). On the other hand, in 500 A(ring) CoCrTa/Cr/700 A(ring) Al films, the coercivity increased sharply with increasing Cr thickness and showed a maximum value at 700 A(ring) Cr thickness (Hc=1380 Oe). The coercivity squareness of the CoCrTa/Cr/Al and CoCrTa/Cr films was increased with increasing Cr thickness. The coercivity squareness of CoCrTa/Cr/Al films was lower than that of CoCrTa/Cr films. To study the origin of coercivity enhancement in CoCrTa/Cr films when deposited on an Al underlayer, microstructures of the two films were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We controlled grain sizes of CoCrTa films by changing the thickness of the Cr layer. The grain size of CoCrTa films increased with increasing Cr thickness. The coercivity of CoCrTa/Cr/Al films showed a maximum value at a grain size of 430 A(ring). These results suggest that the transition from single domain to multidomain could occur at a grain size of ∼400 A(ring). To understand the coercivity squareness changes by the introduction of an Al underlayer, the angular variation of coercivity was measured. The magnetization of CoCrTa/Cr films was reversed by domain wall motion.On the other hand, by the incorporation of an Al underlayer, the angular variation of coercivity deviated from the domain wall motion mode. Cross-sectional TEM studies of CoCrTa/Cr/Al films showed that Cr atoms in Cr layers diffused into an Al underlayer and Al atoms were detected in both Cr and CoCrTa layers, but magnetization of the magnetic layer was not decreased. The decrease in coercivity squareness of CoCrTa/Cr/Al films would be attributed to magnetic decoupling by segregation of Al atoms in grain boundaries of CoCrTa films. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361324
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of the grain configurations of thin films—A model for agglomeration (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 1608-1616 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have calculated the energy of three distinct grain configurations, namely, completely connected, partially connected, and unconnected configurations, evolving during a spheroidization of polycrystalline thin film by extending a geometrical model due to Miller et al. to the case of spheroidization at both the surface and film-substrate interface. "Stability" diagram defining a stable region of each grain configuration has been established in terms of the ratio of grain size to film thickness versus equilibrium wetting or dihedral angles at various interface energy conditions. The occurrence of spheroidization at the film-substrate interface significantly enlarges the stable region of unconnected grain configuration thereby greatly facilitating the occurrence of agglomeration. Complete separation of grain boundary is increasingly difficult with a reduction of equilibrium wetting angle. The condition for the occurrence of agglomeration differs depending on the equilibrium wetting or dihedral angles. The agglomeration occurs, at low equilibrium angles, via partially connected configuration containing stable holes centered at grain boundary vertices, whereas it occurs directly via completely connected configuration at large equilibrium angles except for the case having small surface and/or film-substrate interface energy. The initiation condition of agglomeration is defined by the equilibrium boundary condition between the partially connected and unconnected configurations for the former case, whereas it can, for the latter case, largely deviate from the equilibrium boundary condition between the completely connected and unconnected configurations because of the presence of a finite energy barrier to overcome to reach the unconnected grain configuration. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365960
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Agglomeration of TiSi2 thin film on (100) Si substrates (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 2933-2937 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated the detailed process of agglomeration of TiSi2 thin film on (100) Si substrates as a model system for our recent geometrical model of agglomeration based on the spheroidization at both the surface and film/substrate interface. Agglomeration occurs by a nucleation of holes at grain-boundary vertices as a result of spheroidization at both interfaces and by their subsequent growth along grain boundaries in accordance with the prediction of our model. The critical condition of the ratio of the grain size to film thickness is predicted and confirmed to be between 5 and 6 depending on the magnitude of free-energy barrier. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366127
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetism and Opaque Mineralogy of Basalts from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 45° N (1970)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 228 (1970), S. 974-976 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The volcanic layer may be only 200 m thick at 45° N and oxidation of titanomagnetite may be responsible for the decrease in amplitude of the magnetic anomalies away from the ridge ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/228974a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of gravity and temperature gradient on the diamond formation during synthesis at 4.4 GPa and 1300^oC
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Crystal Growth 125 (1992), S. 51-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-0248
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022-0248(92)90319-E
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parallel Searching in Generalized Monge Arrays (1997)
    Springer
    Algorithmica 19 (1997), S. 291-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0541
    Keywords: Key words. Monge arrays, CREW-PRAM algorithms, Hypercubes.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. This paper investigates the parallel time and processor complexities of several searching problems involving Monge, staircase-Monge, and Monge-composite arrays. We present array-searching algorithms for concurrent-read-exclusive-write (CREW) PRAMs, hypercubes, and several hypercubic networks. All these algorithms run in near-optimal time, and their processor-time products are all within an $O (\lg n)$ factor of the worst-case sequential bounds. Several applications of these algorithms are also given. Two applications improve previous results substantially, and the others provide novel parallel algorithms for problems not previously considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00009175
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palaeomagnetism and the Origin of the Grenville Front (1972)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 236 (1972), S. 344-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] According to the theory of plate tectonics, there are three types of plate junctures named by the motions that occur across them-divergent, convergent, and strike-slip. The Grenville Front has no large linear belts of basic rocks such as characterize divergent or convergent junctures. Moreover, the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/236344a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective Control of Annual Grassy Weeds in Transplanted Tropical Rice with α-2,2,2-Trichloroethyl Styrene (1969)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 221 (1969), S. 64-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] α-2,2,2-Trichloroethyl styrene (TCE-styrene) is one of a new class of herbicides. (TCE-styrene is also known as 'Dowco 221'. Its use as a herbicide is patented by the Dow Chemical Co.) The apparent selective pre-emergence activity of this compound (Fig. 1) against Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/221064a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mound building in Ilyoplax pingi (Crustacea: Brachyura: Ocypodidae) (1994)
    Springer
    Marine biology 121 (1994), S. 61-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ocypodid crab Ilyoplax pingi, observed in Kanghwa I., Korea in 1992, builds a mound at the burrow entrance, by piling mud dug out from the burrow. The mounds were made by both waving and non-waving males, and by both ovigerous and non-ovigerous females. The burrow diameter at the widest part tended to be larger in crabs with mounds than in crabs without mounds, whereas the burrow depth was not different between them. The mound density increased in the late exposure period, when the crabs' surface activities declined. Mound removal and rebuilding experiments revealed that the presence of the mounds has the effect of keeping neighboring crabs away.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349474
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of alloying elements on hydrogen diffusivity in α-iron (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 16 (1981), S. 2590-2596 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of Cr, Ni, Mo, Si and Cu on the diffusivity of hydrogen inα-iron is studied in the temperature range of 160 to 430° C at a hydrogen pressure of 1 atm. The diffusivity of hydrogen was determined by absorption rate experiments using Sievert's type apparatus. The results show that the diffusivity of hydrogen in iron alloys decreases and the activation energy increases, as the concentration of the alloying elements increases, except Cu and Ni. The trapping parameters of hydrogen in iron alloys on the basis of Oriani's approach are calculated. The results show that Si, Mo and Cr are in order of increasing trap energy and that Cu and Ni have a negligible effect on hydrogen trapping. This can be explained by taking account of both chemical affinity effects and elastic strain effects of alloying elements on hydrogen trapping.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01113601
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