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  • 1
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    Rapid onset of mafic magmatism facilitated by volcanic edifice collapse (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-26
    Description: Volcanic edifice collapses generate some of Earth's largest landslides. How such unloading affects the magma storage systems is important for both hazard assessment and for determining long-term controls on volcano growth and decay. Here, we present a detailed stratigraphic and petrological analysis of volcanic landslide and eruption deposits offshore Montserrat, in a subduction zone setting, sampled during IODP Expedition 340. A large (6–10 km 3 ) collapse of the Soufrière Hills volcano at ~130 ka was followed by explosive basaltic volcanism and the formation of a new basaltic volcanic centre, the South Soufrière Hills, estimated to have initiated 〈100 years after collapse. This basaltic volcanism was a sharp departure from the andesitic volcanism that characterised Soufrière Hills’ activity before the collapse. Mineral-melt thermobarometry demonstrates that the basaltic magma's transit through the crust was rapid and from mid-crustal depths. We suggest that this rapid ascent was promoted by unloading following collapse.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    Where and when will they go fishing? Understanding fishing site and time choice in a recreational squid fishery (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-30
    Description: Recreational fishing effort greatly fluctuates in space and time. Therefore, one of the most relevant conceptual issues when managing recreational fishing is to understand the primary complexities associated with anglers' preferences in selecting site and day, and the way that these choices affect the catch. However, two practical pitfalls (data acquisition and statistical issues) are hampering progress towards the understanding of this problem. In this study, we propose several strategic improvements and apply them to the recreational squid fishery in Palma Bay (Balearic Islands). The spatial scenario (20 km width) was surveyed 63 times (visual censuses) during two years. For each of the 173 grid cells (1 km 2 ) into which Palma Bay was divided, the fishing effort (number of recreational boats targeting squid) was recorded. In addition, a number of variables intended to summarize any potential driver of anglers' choices were also recorded. The principal drivers of squid recreational fishing in Palma Bay appeared to be expected harvest and distance to the nearest port, but the effect of these variables was clearly modulated by sea conditions. The fine-scale estimates of effort (daily predictions for each 1 km 2 cell) provided here represent the first step towards understanding angler preferences, estimating total catches, and selecting the best management options for avoiding conflicts between stakeholders, thus ensuring resource sustainability.
    Print ISSN: 1054-3139
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9289
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    The influence of symbiont photosynthesis on the boron isotopic composition of foraminifera shells. (2003)
    ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
    In:  EPIC3Marine Micropaleontology, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 49, pp. 87-96, ISSN: 0377-8398
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Culture experiments were carried out with the planktonic foraminifer Orbulina universa under high and low light levels in order to determine the influence of symbiont photosynthetic activity on the boron isotopic composition of shell calcite. Under low light (reduced photosynthetic rates) the boron isotopic composition of the tests is 1.5 per mil lower compared to shells grown under high light (elevated photosynthetic rates). In terms of inferred pH, the lower boron isotope values correspond to a reduction in pH of approximately 0.2 units. The boron isotopic composition of Orbulina universa from plankton tows is similar to shells grown under low light conditions in the laboratory. These data are consistent with reduced symbiont concentrations in recently secreted shells. In addition to laboratory and field grown O. universa, we present the first data for a symbiont-barren foraminifer, Globigerina bulloides. Data obtained for G. bulloides fall ~1.4 per mil below the field grown O. universa. Although the plankton tow results are preliminary, they support the hypothesis that respiration and photosynthesis are the key physiological parameters responsible for species-specific vital effects.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Ocean heat content variability and change in an ensemble of ocean reanalyses (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-20
    Description: Accurate knowledge of the location and magnitude of ocean heat content (OHC) variability and change is essential for understanding the processes that govern decadal variations in surface temperature, quantifying changes in the planetary energy budget, and developing constraints on the transient climate response to external forcings. We present an overview of the temporal and spatial characteristics of OHC variability and change as represented by an ensemble of dynamical and statistical ocean reanalyses (ORAs). Spatial maps of the 0–300 m layer show large regions of the Pacific and Indian Oceans where the interannual variability of the ensemble mean exceeds ensemble spread, indicating that OHC variations are well-constrained by the available observations over the period 1993–2009. At deeper levels, the ORAs are less well-constrained by observations with the largest differences across the ensemble mostly associated with areas of high eddy kinetic energy, such as the Southern Ocean and boundary current regions. Spatial patterns of OHC change for the period 1997–2009 show good agreement in the upper 300 m and are characterized by a strong dipole pattern in the Pacific Ocean. There is less agreement in the patterns of change at deeper levels, potentially linked to differences in the representation of ocean dynamics, such as water mass formation processes. However, the Atlantic and Southern Oceans are regions in which many ORAs show widespread warming below 700 m over the period 1997–2009. Annual time series of global and hemispheric OHC change for 0–700 m show the largest spread for the data sparse Southern Hemisphere and a number of ORAs seem to be subject to large initialization ‘shock’ over the first few years. In agreement with previous studies, a number of ORAs exhibit enhanced ocean heat uptake below 300 and 700 m during the mid-1990s or early 2000s. The ORA ensemble mean (±1 standard deviation) of rolling 5-year trends in full-depth OHC shows a relatively steady heat uptake of approximately 0.9 ± 0.8 W m−2 (expressed relative to Earth’s surface area) between 1995 and 2002, which reduces to about 0.2 ± 0.6 W m−2 between 2004 and 2006, in qualitative agreement with recent analysis of Earth’s energy imbalance. There is a marked reduction in the ensemble spread of OHC trends below 300 m as the Argo profiling float observations become available in the early 2000s. In general, we suggest that ORAs should be treated with caution when employed to understand past ocean warming trends—especially when considering the deeper ocean where there is little in the way of observational constraints. The current work emphasizes the need to better observe the deep ocean, both for providing observational constraints for future ocean state estimation efforts and also to develop improved models and data assimilation methods.
    Description: Published
    Description: 909–930
    Description: 4A. Oceanografia e clima
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    The Ocean Reanalyses Intercom parison Project (ORA - IP) (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-20
    Description: Uncertainty in ocean analysis methods and deficiencies in the observing system are major obstacles for the reliable reconstruction of the past ocean climate. The variety of existing ocean reanalyses is exploited in a multi-reanalysis ensemble to improve the ocean state estimation and to gauge uncertainty levels. The ensemble-based analysis of signal-to-noise ratio allows the identification of ocean characteristics for which the estimation is robust (such as tropical mixed-layer-depth,upper ocean heat content), and where large uncertainty exists (deep ocean, Southern Ocean, sea-ice thickness, salinity), providing guidance for future enhancement of the observing and data assimilation systems.
    Description: This work has been partially funded by the European Commission funded projects MyOcean, MyOcean2 and COMBINE; by the GEMINA project-funded bythe Italian Ministry for Environment; by the NERC-funded VALOR project; by the NERC-funded NCEO program; by the Research Program on Climate Change adaptation of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of the Japanese government; by the Joint UK DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101); by NASA’s Modeling Analysis and Prediction Program under WBS 802678.02.17.01.25 and by the NASA Physical Oceanography Program; by the NOAA's Climate Observation Division (COD); by the LEFE/GMMC French national program.
    Description: Published
    Description: s80-s97
    Description: 4A. Clima e Oceani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Global ocean–sea-ice modelling ; Ocean model comparisons ; DATA ASSIMILATION SCHEME ; multi-analysis ensemble ; Ocean climate ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.04. Ocean data assimilation and reanalysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficient x-ray production from ultrafast gas-puff Z pinches (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 57 (1985), S. 830-833 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Proto-II accelerator has been used to implode krypton and xenon annular gas puffs. A significant fraction of the machine electrical energy was converted first to plasma kinetic energy and then to x rays when the plasma pinched on axis. Quantitative measurements using time-resolved bolometers have shown as much as 10% of the total radiation yield near 1 keV in Xe and 2 keV in Kr. We have compared this radiation yield to the predictions from one-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic code calculations. The implosions were also observed with both time-integrated pinhole cameras and spectrographs. No hard x-ray (E〉10 keV) output was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.334734
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compression of ultrahigh magnetic fields in a gas-puff Z pinch (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 31 (1988), S. 2053-2056 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Evidence is presented that an axial magnetic field of 100 kG has been compressed to 42 MG by an imploding neon gas-puff Z pinch on a 800 kJ, 7.5 MA, 60 nsec pulsed power generator. Machine electrical diagnostics and x-ray pinhole photographs indicate that this 420-fold field compression was produced by imploding plasma at high magnetic Reynolds number.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.866657
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation diagnostics for x-ray laser experiments on Proto-II (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 2195-2195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: X-ray laser experiments on the Sandia Proto-II accelerator (10 TW, 40-ns FWHM, 0.125 Ω) use a wide array of radiation diagnostics. Precise x-ray measurements are difficult in the environment of a large pulsed power accelerator. Machine shock, EMP, and large x-ray fluences are significant problems. X-ray diodes and resistive bolometers provide excellent time-resolved information. Crystal and grazing-incidence grating spectrographs and x-ray pinhole cameras give time-integrated data. A recent major effort at Sandia has been the development of time-resolved x-ray pinhole cameras, crystal spectrographs, and grazing-incidence spectrographs. These diagnostics use microchannel plates or a scintillator and streak camera system to obtain time resolution. Precise alignment, nanosecond time resolution, and high spectral precision are all needed for successful x-ray laser experiments. We will present descriptions of the diagnostics and data taken on recent x-ray laser experiments. This work was supported by the U.S. DOE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138730
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effective mobilities in pseudomorphic Si/SiGe/Si p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors with thin silicon capping layers (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 1424-1426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The room-temperature effective mobilities of pseudomorphic Si/Si0.64Ge0.36/Si p-metal-oxidesemiconductor field effect transistors are reported. The peak mobility in the buried SiGe channel increases with silicon cap thickness. It is argued that SiO2/Si interface roughness is a major source of scattering in these devices, which is attenuated for thicker silicon caps. It is also suggested that segregated Ge in the silicon cap interferes with the oxidation process, leading to increased SiO2/Si interface roughness in the case of thin silicon caps. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1354662
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vaporization of (SN)x. He I photoelectron spectrum and ab initio calculations for the S3N3 radical (1986)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 108 (1986), S. 3229-3237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00272a012
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