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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 108 (1986), S. 3229-3237 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 3792-3798 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Consistent preservation of 〈01¯1¯〉-oriented grating corrugations with 2850-A(ring) period and 1500-A(ring) height on (100) InP substrates has been achieved during thermal cycling at 660 °C for 60 min in a H2 ambient, using roughened GaAs cover slices. It is found that transport of Ga and As causes the formation of a graded 25-A(ring)-thick InGaAsP alloy on the surface of the gratings, as detected by Auger and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis. This preservation technique eliminates the need for lower-temperature crystal growth of distributed feedback laser wafers by liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE). Successful growth of distributed feedback laser wafers using conventional high-temperature LPE is demonstrated.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 111 (1999), S. 11095-11100 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The recently developed technique of scattering and recoiling imaging spectrometry (SARIS) is used to probe the effect of hydrogen atoms on the trajectories of 5 keV Ne+ scattering from a Pt(111) surface. Classical kinematic calculations and ion trajectory simulations, using the scattering and recoiling imaging code (SARIC), are carried out in order to probe the details of the interaction and the nature of the perturbation. It is demonstrated that adsorbed hydrogen atoms are capable of deflecting these low kilo-electron-volt Ne trajectories scattering from a Pt surface. These perturbations result in spatial shifts and broadenings of the anisotropic features of the SARIS images that are readily detectable. The scattered Ne atoms lose 0–18% of their initial kinetic energy as a result of the perturbation by the H atoms. The physics of the perturbation on the trajectories can be understood from straightforward classical kinematic calculations and SARIC ion trajectory simulations. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 54 (1989), S. 338-340 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The use of surface charging of a thin dielectric film on a semiconductor during x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis has been investigated. The binding energy shifts measured from 1.5 nm SiO2/p-Si and 4 nm Si3N4/n-InP indicate that a positive surface potential can be induced by the loss of photoelectrons in the dielectric, whereas a controllable negative potential can be applied by flooding the sample with low-energy electrons. The measurements of the resultant depth-dependent potentials in the oxide and in the semiconductor give useful information on the dielectric/semiconductor structure. For example, the results obtained using this technique show that in the case of SiO2/p-Si, the Fermi level of the semiconductor at the interface was not pinned but in the case of Si3N4/n-InP, it was pinned at 0.3 eV from the conduction-band minimum. Moreover, the charging potential associated with a local impurity in the sample structure can be used to estimate the depth location of the impurity. Finally, the measurement of the degree of charging also gives information on the insulating properties of the dielectric.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 54 (1989), S. 772-774 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The metal-oxide interfacial reactions of platinum and gold on anodic oxide of Hg0.8 Cd0.2 Te have been studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the depositions of these metals, which were expected to be inert, reduced the oxidized tellurium in the anodic oxide and extracted the reduced tellurium into the metal overlayer. In the case of platinum, reductions of oxidized cadmium and mercury also occurred. The resultant interfacial structures of gold and platinum on HgCdTe oxide seem to be determined by the kinetics of possible reactions but not by bulk thermodynamic data of the relevant reactants and the most stable reaction products.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 55 (1989), S. 209-211 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The interfacial reactions of zinc sulphide (ZnS) on an anodic oxide film of mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) have been studied by polar angle dependent x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that the sputter deposition of ZnS reduced the oxidized tellurium of the anodic film at the interface. In addition, the XPS results show a high Zn/S ratio when the deposition is confined to a few monolayers. The ratio, however, decreases to unity for a thick film. The results indicate that zinc atoms sputtered from the ZnS target play an important role in the interfacial reactions between the deposited overlayer and the HgCdTe anodic oxide film.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 300-302 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The etching reactions of lead zirconate-titanate (PZT) films with fluorine ions were studied by in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analysis of the ion bombarded films. The bombardment was carried out with a mass separated low energy ion beam in ultrahigh vacuum and at 30 and 40 eV. It was found that the bombardment at 30 eV and a dose of 1×1017/cm2 (equivalent to 50 monolayers if a surface atom density of 2×1015/cm2 is assumed) at room temperature led to the removal of about 6 nm of PZT. This etch yield is much higher than the expected sputter yield at 30 eV, a phenomenon which clearly indicates the importance of surface chemistry. The XPS data also show that prior to bombardment, a homogeneous oxide was present but that the bombardment induced a surface enrichment of lead and the formation of metal fluorides. Heating the sample to 300 °C in vacuum desorbed virtually all metal fluorides. The results show that reactive ion etching of PZT films with fluorine chemistry is conceivable. However, the reaction mechanism appeared to be very much dependent on the bombardment energy. For example, an increase of the bombardment energy to 40 eV did not only increase the etch yield but also suppressed the surface enrichment of lead and induced the formation of oxy-fluorides.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 8192-8194 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Metal-insulator-semiconductor capacitors were fabricated on cleaved n-GaAs (110) facets using remote plasma-deposited silicon nitride as gate insulators. The interface properties of the capacitors made on this surface were analyzed by capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy was also used to investigate the chemical structure of the interface. Prior to the insulator deposition, the cleaved facets were processed with different surface treatments including HF etch of native oxide, passivation with an ammonium sulfide solution, passivation with hydrogen polysulfide, and passivation with a silicon interface control layer. It was found that while the passivation procedures with the sulfur compounds did improve the C-V data when compared with the HF oxide etch, the silicon interface control layer technique led to the best C-V results. By comparing the quasistatic and high-frequency (1 MHz) C-V data, it was found that the minimum interface state density of the fabricated capacitors was about 1012 eV−1 cm−2. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 7101-7106 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Argon incorporation in Si(100) by low energy ion bombardment has been studied by polar angle dependent x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. The bombardment was performed at 15, 20, and 100 eV in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber where a mass-separated argon ion beam with an energy spread of less than 1 eV was directed to the target. Both the argon penetration depth and incorporation probability were found to increase with bombardment energy. With a fluence of 2×1017/cm2, most of the incorporated argon was located within 20 A(ring) of the target surface for the 100 eV bombardment and within 10 A(ring) for the 15 eV bombardment. In all cases, the argon depth distribution reached a maximum and then declined. At this fluence, the incorporation probabilities were 0.0015 and 0.0004 for the 100 and 15 eV bombardment, respectively. When the amount of incorporated argon was measured as a function of fluence, it increased with fluence at low fluences, reached a quasisaturation at about 1×1016/cm2, but became fluence dependent again above 1×1018/cm2. The retained argon was stable at room temperature but showed at least two stages of thermal desorption in the temperature range 25–500 °C.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 53 (1988), S. 2161-2163 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The interfacial reaction between indium and anodic oxide of Hg0.8 Cd0.2 Te has been studied using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the deposition of a thin layer (about 1 nm) of indium by either argon ion sputtering or by direct evaporation reduced some oxidized tellurium of the anodic oxide. The reduced tellurium was extracted to the indium overlayer and present as indium tellurides. However, the thin overlayer on the anodic oxide was found to be partially oxidized but not metallic.
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