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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical study on domain switching of ferroelectric triglycine sulfuric acid and Rochelle salt (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 409-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The domain switching of ferroelectric triglycine sulfuric acid and Rochelle salt was studied by observing optical gyration along the ferroelectric axes and measuring rotation of the indicatrices around the same axes. It was established experimentally that the antipolar domains of triglycine sulfuric acid were united by a symmetric twin mechanism and those of Rochelle salt by a hemitrope (rotation twin). It was shown that the high-accuracy universal polarimeter method can become a new general method for distinguishing the twinning mechanism of the ferroelectric domains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347731
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New data-acquisition system for spin-polarized scanning electron microscopy (abstract) : 35th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 5889-5889 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new data-acquisition system suitable for spin-polarized scanning electron microscopy used in magnetic domain observation has been developed. The system is composed of a primary-electron-beam scan controller, four counters of two pairs of output signals coming from a spin polarization detector, an image processor with two high-speed digital signal processors calculating the polarization-components Px and Py from the detector outputs, 32 frame memories (512×512×16 bit) for the detector outputs, Px, Py, sample absorbed current, etc., as well as a 1280×1024 pixel monitor. The system enables not only high-speed scanning (21 s/image) for a quick view but also very slow-speed scanning ((approximately-greater-than)1 h/image) for a high-quality image. With this variable-speed scanning, it is possible to promptly obtain a homogeneous quality image even when the secondary-electron intensity distribution is inhomogeneous due to the surface topography. By calculating the magnitude and direction of magnetization from Px and Py, magnetization vectors can be represented as arrows in the domain image. The system has been successfully applied to domain observation of an iron single crystal and a magnetic recording head having a three-dimensional surface structure as well as side plane observation of multilayered films for a magnetic recording head.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347858
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The high-resistive soft magnetic amorphous films consisting of cobalt, iron, boron, silicon, and oxygen, utilized for video head devices (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 5123-5125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new type of high-resistive soft magnetic amorphous film possessing superior properties such as high resistivity (ρ), high-saturation induction (Bs), and high permeability (μ) in the high-frequency range prepared by cosputtering Co0.40Fe0.40B0.20-SiO2 was obtained. These films which have Bs higher than 8 kG in the range less than ∼55% of Si-O volume fraction, consist of a two-phase structure of amorphous magnetic metal particles (∼50 A(ring)) scattered in the amorphous nonmagnetic Si-O region. ρ increases exponentially with the increase of Si-O volume, with diminishing eddy current loss in the very high-frequency range. Some of these films (Bs∼12 kG, Hc∼0.3 Oe, ρ∼500 μΩ cm), in fact, have a superior permeability compared with sputtered sendust films and regular amorphous films used as high-density recording head cores in the high-frequency range over 10 MHz.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344688
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High spatial resolution spin-polarized scanning electron microscopy (abstract) : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 6890-6890 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Spin-polarized scanning electron microscopy (spin SEM) to observe magnetic domains has the potential for spatial resolution as high as 10 nm. The best resolution from spin SEMs attained so far, however, is around 50 nm. In this talk, we report a newly developed spin SEM with 20 nm resolution. The major factor determining the resolution of a spin SEM is probe diameter. A smaller probe diameter, however, results in lower probe current. This is a serious issue in spin SEM because the efficiency of a spin detector is very low. Thus, to get high resolution with a reasonable signal/noise (S/N) image, higher efficiency in the spin detector and/or higher probe current are needed in addition to get a smaller probe diameter. The higher probe current has been attained by using a thermal assisted field emission cathode in an electron gun. The higher efficiency in the spin detector was achieved by increasing the acceptance angle of electron detectors inside the spin detector and optimizing both a secondary collector and transport optics. Obtaining a smaller probe diameter required a low aberration objective lens and a short working distance. Those were achieved by computer calculation so that there was no interference between the objective lens and the secondary collector. This achieved both a short working distance of 20 mm and high secondary collection efficiency. As a result, magnetic images of 20 nm resolution with a 25 keV and 1 nA probe beam have been attained. We have applied this spin SEM to observing recorded bits of longitudinal thin film media at high recording densities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356794
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Side plane domain observation of Fe-C/Ni-Fe/BN multilayers with a spin-polarized scanning electron microscope (1990)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 57 (1990), S. 2028-2030 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetization distributions of four-magnetic-layer (0.5 μm/layer) strips (300×50 μm2) are observed on the top and side planes using a spin-polarized scanning electron microscope. From the domain images of the side planes, the magnetization direction of each magnetic layer is studied. The strips do not always show the predicted energy minimum magnetic structure, in which the magnetization direction alternates layer by layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.103996
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine magnetic domain structure of stressed amorphous metal (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 2581-2583 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The fine magnetic domain structure which appears on a stressed amorphous ribbon is studied using a spin-polarized scanning electron microscope. The detected domain structure differs from any so far reported. The magnetization direction inside the wavy stripelike closure domain fluctuates along the stripes. We propose two possible models to explain this domain structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.109303
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polysaccharide-induced protection of carp, Cyprinus carpio L., against bacterial infection (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 14 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The efficacy of 10 polysaccharides (curdlan, inulin, krestin, laminaran, lentinan, levan, schizophylian, selerogiucan, yeast glucan and zymosan) to enhance protection of carp, Cyprinus carpio L., against bacterial infection was investigated. Carp were intraperitoneally injected with the polysaceharides (2–l0 mgkg-1) on days 1 and 4, and challenged with Edwardsiella tarda on day 7. Among the polysaccharides tested, lentinan, schizophyllan and scleroglucan, which are l,6-branchcd-β-l,3-glucans, significantly increased the survival rate. They also induced a protective effect against Aeromonas hydrophila at a dose of 5 mg kg-1. The ability of the polysaccharides to activate the alternative complement pathway (ACP) was examined by incubating the polysaccharides with carp serum and measuring the residual ACP activity. At a final concentration of 0.l mgml-1, l,6-branched-β-1,3-glucans greatly reduced (76–77%) the ACP activity. Therefore, it is suggested that the protective effect of the l,6-branched-β-1,3-glucans may be associated with the activation of ACP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1991.tb00613.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protective effect of sodium alginates against bacterial infection in common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 17 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A hot-water extract of Undaria pinnatifida was found to contain polysaccharide(s) which showed immunostimulating activity in fish. In order to identify the effective component(s), the hot-water extract was fractionated and acid-soluble (Fraction I) and acid-insoluble (Fraction II) polysaccharides were evaluated for their potential to enhance protection against Edwardsiella tarda infection in common carp. Intraperitoneal injection of Fraction II in carp 6 and 3 days prior to challenge with E. tarda resulted in a significantly greater survival rate than that of control fish at doses of 10–30mgkg-1. On the other hand, Fraction I was not effective at any dose. Chemical and physicochemical analyses revealed that Fraction II was sodium alginate with a high degree of purity, with a molecular weight of 45000 and an M/G ratio of 0.8. Some commercial alginates were similarly evaluated for their efficacy. Alginates from Macrocystis pyrifera (MW, 146000-264000; M/G ratio, 0.9–1.0) significantly increased survival rate, but alginates from Lessonia nigrescens (MW, 177000–290000; M/G ratio, 1.3) had little effect. There are indications that the efficacy (protective effect) of alginates has some relationship to their M/G ratios.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1994.tb00230.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Angle-resolved photoemission study of nonsuperconductive Bi"2Sr"2Ca"0"."4Y"0"."6Cu"2O"8
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications 170 (1990), S. 416-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 0921-4534
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0921-4534(90)90009-4
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray study on structural phase transitions of 4,4''-difluoro-p-terphenyl and 4,4-difluoro-p-quaterphenyl
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Solid State Communications 91 (1994), S. 89-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0038-1098
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0038-1098(94)90259-3
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