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  • 1
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    Draft genome sequence of the sexually transmitted pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2007-01-16
    Beschreibung: We describe the genome sequence of the protist Trichomonas vaginalis, a sexually transmitted human pathogen. Repeats and transposable elements comprise about two-thirds of the approximately 160-megabase genome, reflecting a recent massive expansion of genetic material. This expansion, in conjunction with the shaping of metabolic pathways that likely transpired through lateral gene transfer from bacteria, and amplification of specific gene families implicated in pathogenesis and phagocytosis of host proteins may exemplify adaptations of the parasite during its transition to a urogenital environment. The genome sequence predicts previously unknown functions for the hydrogenosome, which support a common evolutionary origin of this unusual organelle with mitochondria.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2080659/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2080659/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carlton, Jane M -- Hirt, Robert P -- Silva, Joana C -- Delcher, Arthur L -- Schatz, Michael -- Zhao, Qi -- Wortman, Jennifer R -- Bidwell, Shelby L -- Alsmark, U Cecilia M -- Besteiro, Sebastien -- Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas -- Noel, Christophe J -- Dacks, Joel B -- Foster, Peter G -- Simillion, Cedric -- Van de Peer, Yves -- Miranda-Saavedra, Diego -- Barton, Geoffrey J -- Westrop, Gareth D -- Muller, Sylke -- Dessi, Daniele -- Fiori, Pier Luigi -- Ren, Qinghu -- Paulsen, Ian -- Zhang, Hanbang -- Bastida-Corcuera, Felix D -- Simoes-Barbosa, Augusto -- Brown, Mark T -- Hayes, Richard D -- Mukherjee, Mandira -- Okumura, Cheryl Y -- Schneider, Rachel -- Smith, Alias J -- Vanacova, Stepanka -- Villalvazo, Maria -- Haas, Brian J -- Pertea, Mihaela -- Feldblyum, Tamara V -- Utterback, Terry R -- Shu, Chung-Li -- Osoegawa, Kazutoyo -- de Jong, Pieter J -- Hrdy, Ivan -- Horvathova, Lenka -- Zubacova, Zuzana -- Dolezal, Pavel -- Malik, Shehre-Banoo -- Logsdon, John M Jr -- Henze, Katrin -- Gupta, Arti -- Wang, Ching C -- Dunne, Rebecca L -- Upcroft, Jacqueline A -- Upcroft, Peter -- White, Owen -- Salzberg, Steven L -- Tang, Petrus -- Chiu, Cheng-Hsun -- Lee, Ying-Shiung -- Embley, T Martin -- Coombs, Graham H -- Mottram, Jeremy C -- Tachezy, Jan -- Fraser-Liggett, Claire M -- Johnson, Patricia J -- 072031/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0000508/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0000508(56841)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9722968/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9722968(65078)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 LM006845/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- R01 LM006845-08/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- R01 LM007938/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- R01 LM007938-04/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI050913/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI050913-01A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI050913-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UO1 AI50913-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 12;315(5809):207-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Research Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. jane.carlton@med.nyu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17218520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biological Transport/genetics ; DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Protozoan/genetics ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genes, Protozoan ; *Genome, Protozoan ; Humans ; Hydrogen/metabolism ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; Organelles/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress/genetics ; Peptide Hydrolases/genetics/metabolism ; Protozoan Proteins/genetics/physiology ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/parasitology ; Trichomonas Infections/parasitology/transmission ; Trichomonas vaginalis/cytology/*genetics/metabolism/pathogenicity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
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    Ancient invasions: from endosymbionts to organelles (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2004-04-10
    Beschreibung: The acquisitions of mitochondria and plastids were important events in the evolution of the eukaryotic cell, supplying it with compartmentalized bioenergetic and biosynthetic factories. Ancient invasions by eubacteria through symbiosis more than a billion years ago initiated these processes. Advances in geochemistry, molecular phylogeny, and cell biology have offered insight into complex molecular events that drove the evolution of endosymbionts into contemporary organelles. In losing their autonomy, endosymbionts lost the bulk of their genomes, necessitating the evolution of elaborate mechanisms for organelle biogenesis and metabolite exchange. In the process, symbionts acquired many host-derived properties, lost much of their eubacterial identity, and were transformed into extraordinarily diverse organelles that reveal complex histories that we are only beginning to decipher.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dyall, Sabrina D -- Brown, Mark T -- Johnson, Patricia J -- AI27857/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 9;304(5668):253-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1489, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15073369" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alphaproteobacteria/genetics/physiology ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; *Biological Evolution ; Chloroplasts/physiology ; Cyanobacteria/genetics/physiology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genome ; Genome, Bacterial ; Mitochondria/*physiology ; Organelles/*physiology ; Origin of Life ; Plastids/*physiology ; Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; *Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
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    Ventral tegmental area GABA projections pause accumbal cholinergic interneurons to enhance associative learning (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2012-11-28
    Beschreibung: The ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) are essential for learning about environmental stimuli associated with motivationally relevant outcomes. The task of signalling such events, both rewarding and aversive, from the VTA to the NAc has largely been ascribed to dopamine neurons. The VTA also contains GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)-releasing neurons, which provide local inhibition and also project to the NAc. However, the cellular targets and functional importance of this long-range inhibitory projection have not been ascertained. Here we show that GABA-releasing neurons of the VTA that project to the NAc (VTA GABA projection neurons) inhibit accumbal cholinergic interneurons (CINs) to enhance stimulus-outcome learning. Combining optogenetics with structural imaging and electrophysiology, we found that VTA GABA projection neurons selectively target NAc CINs, forming multiple symmetrical synaptic contacts that generated inhibitory postsynaptic currents. This is remarkable considering that CINs represent a very small population of all accumbal neurons, and provide the primary source of cholinergic tone in the NAc. Brief activation of this projection was sufficient to halt the spontaneous activity of NAc CINs, resembling the pause recorded in animals learning stimulus-outcome associations. Indeed, we found that forcing CINs to pause in behaving mice enhanced discrimination of a motivationally important stimulus that had been associated with an aversive outcome. Our results demonstrate that VTA GABA projection neurons, through their selective targeting of accumbal CINs, provide a novel route through which the VTA communicates saliency to the NAc. VTA GABA projection neurons thus emerge as orchestrators of dopaminergic and cholinergic modulation in the NAc.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, Matthew T C -- Tan, Kelly R -- O'Connor, Eoin C -- Nikonenko, Irina -- Muller, Dominique -- Luscher, Christian -- 322541/European Research Council/International -- England -- Nature. 2012 Dec 20;492(7429):452-6. doi: 10.1038/nature11657. Epub 2012 Nov 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Basic Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23178810" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Axons/metabolism ; Cholinergic Neurons/*metabolism ; Dopamine/metabolism ; GABAergic Neurons/physiology ; Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Interneurons/*metabolism ; Learning/*physiology ; Mice ; Nucleus Accumbens/*cytology/physiology ; Optogenetics ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Synapses/metabolism ; Ventral Tegmental Area/*physiology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*metabolism/secretion
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cellular responses to elevated light levels in Fucus spiralis embryos during the first days after fertilization (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 24 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Cellular responses of 1-, 2- and 4-d-old Fucus spiralis embryos subjected to a single dose of elevated photosynthetically active photon flux density (PPFD), with or without ultraviolet (UV) radiation, were investigated by measuring the effects on the effective quantum yield of photosystem II (ΔF / Fm′) and intracellular production of active oxygen species (AOS). Production of AOS was determined by the in vivo conversion of 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (CM-DCFH2-DA) to the fluorescent compound dichlorofluorescein (DCF) using confocal laser scan microscopy (CLSM) and image analysis. The role of xanthophyll cycle pigments in photoprotection was also assessed. A rapid decline in ΔF / Fm′ was observed under all elevated light conditions. A correlation was found between non-photochemical quenching and the de-epoxidation ratio zeaxanthin/(zeaxanthin + violoxanthin). Active oxygen formation increased with PPFD and was higher in older embryos and when UVB was present. Two photoinhibition responses were recognized: (i) a rapid decline of the PSII yield due to the violoxanthin–zeaxanthin cycle (photoprotection), and (ii) a slower second-phase decline, correlated with active oxygen production. Electron transport rate (ETR) increased with embryo age, and was correlated with AOS production. As a result of enhanced AOS production, there was a slow recovery of the PSII yield, in particular with increased effective UV dose. In general, embryos were able to recover from the imposed light conditions, but UVB had a more damaging effect. Overall, our data suggest that under natural conditions, embryos of F. spiralis are susceptible to elevated light levels, and that UVB radiation is an important stress factor.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0016-8025.2001.00731.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cellular responses of developing Fucus serratus embryos exposed to elevated concentrations of Cu2+ (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 26 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Elevated concentrations of Cu2+ can have inhibitory effects on early development in plants and algae by targeting specific cellular processes. In the present study the effects of elevated Cu2+ on developmental processes in embryos of the brown algae Fucus serratus (Phaeophyceae) were investigated. Elevated Cu2+ was shown to inhibit fixation of the zygotic polar axis but not its formation. Actin localization was unaffected by elevated Cu2+ but polarized secretion, which occurs downstream, was inhibited. Significant differences in tolerance to Cu2+ were observed for polarization and rhizoid elongation of embryos derived from adults from Cu2+-contaminated and uncontaminated locations. Moderate Cu2+ exposure inhibited the generation of cytosolic Ca2+ signals in response to hypo-osmotic shocks. In contrast, cytosolic Ca2+ was elevated by treatments with high [Cu2+] and this coincided with production of reactive oxygen species. The results indicate that direct effects on signalling processes involved in polarization and growth may in part explain complex, concentration-dependent effects of Cu2+ on early development.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.01091.x
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Seasonal growth of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera in New Zealand (1997)
    Springer
    Marine biology 129 (1997), S. 417-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The seasonal growth pattern of Macrocystis pyrifera (L.) C. Agardh in New Zealand was determined from measurements of blade-elongation rates between March 1986 and December 1987. Growth rates remained relatively constant throughout most of the year, but declined significantly during the summer months. Seawater nitrate levels had a marked seasonal cycle, with concentrations of 0.3 μM detected in summer. The timing of the decline in internal nitrogen concentrations varied for different-aged blades, but occurred ∼1 mo after the decrease in seawater nitrate concentrations. Sufficiently high irradiance levels and seawater nutrient concentrations support active growth for most of the year, but growth is nutrient-limited during summer. No carbon accumulation during summer was observed. Between March and August 1988, growth estimates were also derived from node-initiation rates and stipe-elongation rates to permit comparisons with previous studies from the northern and southern hemispheres. Direct comparisons of the three growth parameters determined for non-terminated canopy and sub-surface fronds were used to assess possible differential resource allocation in the two frond classes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050182
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Growth and reproduction ofPorphyra columbina Mont. (Bangiales, Rhodophyceae) from southern New Zealand (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 2 (1990), S. 35-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Schlagwort(e): Porphyra columbina ; growth ; reproduction ; chemical composition ; seasonality ; Rhodophyceae ; New Zealand
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Changes in biomass and chemical composition, and the reproductive phenology ofPorphyra columbina Mont. were monitored at three sites in southern New Zealand over two growing seasons. Both temporal and spatial variations were found. Seasonal changes in biomass and chemical components were correlated with seawater nitrate concentrations and temperature. The summer decline in biomass was a result of the onset of unsuitable environmental conditions and the release of reproductive tissue. Under more suitable conditions, the decline in biomass was delayed. There was an inverse relationship between vegetative growth and reproduction. Reproductive plants first appeared in August at a time of increasing temperature, irradiance and daylength. Only larger plants which were mainly found in subsites low on the shore became reproductive. Plants sampled from high subsites had a shorter growth season, were generally smaller, had lower nitrogen and pigment content and were non-reproductive.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02179767
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Alginate content and composition ofMacrocystis pyrifera from New Zealand (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 4 (1992), S. 357-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Schlagwort(e): Macrocystis pyrifera ; New Zealand ; seasonal changes ; intra plant variation ; alginate ; mannuronic acid ; guluronic acid
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Tissue samples ofMacrocystis pyrifera from 2 sites in southern New Zealand and harvested over a period of 12 months were analysed for alginate content and composition (M:G ratio). Plants were divided into three frond classes of different length and each frond was further separated into age categories of blades and stipes (viz young, mature and old blades; mature and old stipes). Within each size class, younger blades had higher alginate content than older blades. Stipes did not show such variation with age. Alginate from younger blades and stipes had higher proportions of mannuronic acid residues than those from old blades and stipes. The range of M:G ratios for age categories of either blades or stipes from longer fronds was greater than those for smaller fronds. Alginate content and M:G ratios of stipes were always higher than for blades. The difference between M:G ratios of blades and stipes was greater for smaller fronds than for longer ones. Differences between collection sites and seasonal trends are also discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02185794
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The biogeography of Lessoniaceae, with special reference to Macrocystis C. Agardh (Phaeophyta: Laminariales) (1991)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 215 (1991), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Lessoniaceae ; Macrocystis ; Pacific Ocean ; biogeography ; vicariance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The bipolar distributions of Lessoniaceae and Macrocystis have been explained by migration out of a ‘centre of origin’ and across the tropics by means of dispersal, but controversy centres on the issue: which sector is the true centre of origin? We provide biological, palaeo-oceanographic and geological evidence that leads us to reject the centre of origin/migration theory and methodology in explaining ‘bipolarity’. As an alternative, a process of vicariant differentiation out of a Pacific Ocean/Southern Ocean ancestral complex is proposed. Moreover the biogeographic relationship between the southwest and northeast Pacific is shown to be a general phenomenon and not restricted to marine algae.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00005895
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of seasonal growth rate on morphological variation of Undaria pinnatifida (Alariaceae, Phaeophyceae) (1999)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 398-399 (1999), S. 191-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): seaweed ; morphology ; seasonal variation ; growth ; phenotypic modulation ; kelp ; Undaria pinnatifida
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar is currently divided into two morphological forms, f. typica Yendo. and f. distans Miyabe & Okamura. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of seasonal variation in growth rate on the morphology of U. pinnatifida, and to define the form of U. pinnatifida growing in Otago Harbour, New Zealand. Morphological variables (stipe length, blade length, blade width, sporophyll length and degree of blade incision), growth rates (frond, blade and stipe) and blade erosion were measured each month from August 1993 to February 1995, and compared using correspondence analysis. Variation in the morphology of U. pinnatifida was largely accounted for by varying growth rates. Definition of the form of U. pinnatifida growing in Otago Harbour is equivocal because morphological characteristics of both f. typica and f. distans were exhibited at different times of the year.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017012301314
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