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  • 1
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    Growth of spherical overdensities in scalar-tensor cosmologies (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-07
    Description: The accelerated expansion of the universe is a rather established fact in cosmology and many different models have been proposed as a viable explanation. Many of these models are based on the standard general relativistic framework of non-interacting fluids or more recently of coupled (interacting) dark energy models, where dark energy (the scalar field) is coupled to the dark matter component giving rise to a fifth-force. An interesting alternative is to couple the scalar field directly to the gravity sector via the Ricci scalar. These models are dubbed non-minimally coupled models and give rise to a time-dependent gravitational constant. In this work, we study few models falling into this category and describe how observables depend on the strength of the coupling. We extend recent work on the subject by taking into account also the effects of the perturbations of the scalar field and showing their relative importance on the evolution of the mass function. By working in the framework of the spherical collapse model, we show that perturbations of the scalar field have a limited impact on the growth factor (for small coupling constant) and on the mass function with respect to the case where perturbations are neglected.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Evolution of spherical overdensities in holographic dark energy models (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-07
    Description: In this work, we investigate the spherical collapse model in flat Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) dark energy universes. We consider the holographic dark energy (HDE) model as a dynamical dark energy scenario with a slowly time-varying equation-of-state parameter w de in order to evaluate the effects of the dark energy component on structure formation in the universe. We first calculate the evolution of density perturbations in the linear regime for both phantom and quintessence behaviour of the HDE model and compare the results with standard Einstein–de Sitter and cold dark matter (CDM) models. We then calculate the evolution of two characterizing parameters in the spherical collapse model, i.e. the linear density threshold c and the virial overdensity parameter vir . We show that in HDE cosmologies the growth factor g ( a ) and the linear overdensity parameter c fall behind the values for a CDM universe while the virial overdensity vir is larger in HDE models than in the CDM model. We also show that the ratio between the radius of the spherical perturbations at the virialization and turn-around time is smaller in HDE cosmologies than that predicted in a CDM universe. Hence, the growth of structures starts earlier in HDE models than in CDM cosmologies and more concentrated objects can form in this case. It has been shown that the non-vanishing surface pressure leads to smaller virial radius and larger virial overdensity vir . We compare the predicted number of haloes in HDE cosmologies and find out that in general this value is smaller than for CDM models at higher redshifts and we compare different mass function prescriptions. Finally, we compare the results of the HDE models with observations.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Amphibole-bearing metamorphic clasts in ANDRILL AND-2A core: A provenance tool to unravel the Miocene glacial history in the Ross Embayment (western Ross Sea, Antarctica) (2011)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-01
    Description: A petrological investigation of amphibole-bearing metamorphic clasts in the ANDRILL AND-2A core allows a detailed comparison with similar lithologies from potential source regions, leading to the identification of three distinct provenance areas in the present-day segment of the Transantarctic Mountains between the Byrd Glacier and the Blue Glacier (Mulock-Skelton glacier area, the Britannia Range, and the Koettlitz-Blue glacier area in the Royal Society Range). A key role in the comparison is played by the wide range of Ca-amphibole compositions, type of intracrystalline zoning, mineral assemblages, and fabrics, which reflect different bulk rocks and metamorphic conditions. Ca-amphibole compositions and zonations also offer the opportunity for the application of geothermobarometry methods, which, consistent with literature data, provide further evidence that the three provenance regions correspond to distinct metamorphic terrains with pervasive medium-pressure amphibolite-grade conditions restricted to the Britannia Range. The study contributes new insights into the depositional processes in a variety of glacial environments ranging from open marine with icebergs to distal, proximal, and subglacial settings. The results also highlight the record of two distinct glacial scenarios reflecting either short-range (
    Electronic ISSN: 1553-040X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • 4
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    Gene targeting in stem cells from individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: Adult stem cells offer the potential to treat many diseases through a combination of ex vivo genetic manipulation and autologous transplantation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs, also referred to as marrow stromal cells) are adult stem cells that can be isolated as proliferating, adherent cells from bones. MSCs can differentiate into multiple cell types present in several tissues, including bone, fat, cartilage, and muscle, making them ideal candidates for a variety of cell-based therapies. Here, we have used adeno-associated virus vectors to disrupt dominant-negative mutant COL1A1 collagen genes in MSCs from individuals with the brittle bone disorder osteogenesis imperfecta, demonstrating successful gene targeting in adult human stem cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chamberlain, Joel R -- Schwarze, Ulrike -- Wang, Pei-Rong -- Hirata, Roli K -- Hankenson, Kurt D -- Pace, James M -- Underwood, Robert A -- Song, Kit M -- Sussman, Michael -- Byers, Peter H -- Russell, David W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1198-201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976317" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells/physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen Type I/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Dependovirus/genetics ; *Gene Targeting ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Kanamycin Kinase/genetics ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/*physiology ; Mice ; Osteogenesis ; Osteogenesis Imperfecta/*genetics/*therapy ; Point Mutation ; Recombination, Genetic ; Stem Cell Transplantation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Ecology. Ecology for a crowded planet (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palmer, Margaret -- Bernhardt, Emily -- Chornesky, Elizabeth -- Collins, Scott -- Dobson, Andrew -- Duke, Clifford -- Gold, Barry -- Jacobson, Robert -- Kingsland, Sharon -- Kranz, Rhonda -- Mappin, Michael -- Martinez, M Luisa -- Micheli, Fiorenza -- Morse, Jennifer -- Pace, Michael -- Pascual, Mercedes -- Palumbi, Stephen -- Reichman, O J -- Simons, Ashley -- Townsend, Alan -- Turner, Monica -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 28;304(5675):1251-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA. mpalmer@umd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15166349" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Communicable Diseases/transmission ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Forecasting ; Fresh Water ; Health ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Population Dynamics ; *Research ; Urbanization
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    The genome of Tetranychus urticae reveals herbivorous pest adaptations (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-25
    Description: The spider mite Tetranychus urticae is a cosmopolitan agricultural pest with an extensive host plant range and an extreme record of pesticide resistance. Here we present the completely sequenced and annotated spider mite genome, representing the first complete chelicerate genome. At 90 megabases T. urticae has the smallest sequenced arthropod genome. Compared with other arthropods, the spider mite genome shows unique changes in the hormonal environment and organization of the Hox complex, and also reveals evolutionary innovation of silk production. We find strong signatures of polyphagy and detoxification in gene families associated with feeding on different hosts and in new gene families acquired by lateral gene transfer. Deep transcriptome analysis of mites feeding on different plants shows how this pest responds to a changing host environment. The T. urticae genome thus offers new insights into arthropod evolution and plant-herbivore interactions, and provides unique opportunities for developing novel plant protection strategies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grbic, Miodrag -- Van Leeuwen, Thomas -- Clark, Richard M -- Rombauts, Stephane -- Rouze, Pierre -- Grbic, Vojislava -- Osborne, Edward J -- Dermauw, Wannes -- Ngoc, Phuong Cao Thi -- Ortego, Felix -- Hernandez-Crespo, Pedro -- Diaz, Isabel -- Martinez, Manuel -- Navajas, Maria -- Sucena, Elio -- Magalhaes, Sara -- Nagy, Lisa -- Pace, Ryan M -- Djuranovic, Sergej -- Smagghe, Guy -- Iga, Masatoshi -- Christiaens, Olivier -- Veenstra, Jan A -- Ewer, John -- Villalobos, Rodrigo Mancilla -- Hutter, Jeffrey L -- Hudson, Stephen D -- Velez, Marisela -- Yi, Soojin V -- Zeng, Jia -- Pires-daSilva, Andre -- Roch, Fernando -- Cazaux, Marc -- Navarro, Marie -- Zhurov, Vladimir -- Acevedo, Gustavo -- Bjelica, Anica -- Fawcett, Jeffrey A -- Bonnet, Eric -- Martens, Cindy -- Baele, Guy -- Wissler, Lothar -- Sanchez-Rodriguez, Aminael -- Tirry, Luc -- Blais, Catherine -- Demeestere, Kristof -- Henz, Stefan R -- Gregory, T Ryan -- Mathieu, Johannes -- Verdon, Lou -- Farinelli, Laurent -- Schmutz, Jeremy -- Lindquist, Erika -- Feyereisen, Rene -- Van de Peer, Yves -- England -- Nature. 2011 Nov 23;479(7374):487-92. doi: 10.1038/nature10640.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B7, Canada. mgrbic@uwo.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22113690" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological/*genetics/physiology ; Animals ; Ecdysterone/analogs & derivatives/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fibroins/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal/genetics ; Genes, Homeobox/genetics ; Genome/*genetics ; Genomics ; Herbivory/*genetics/physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molting/genetics ; Multigene Family/genetics ; Nanostructures/chemistry ; Plants/parasitology ; Silk/biosynthesis/chemistry ; Tetranychidae/*genetics/*physiology ; Transcriptome/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 7
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    State–space mark–recapture estimates reveal a recent decline in abundance of North Atlantic right whales (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-09-20
    Description: North Atlantic right whales ( Eubalaena glacialis Müller 1776) present an interesting problem for abundance and trend estimation in marine wildlife conservation. They are long lived, individually identifiable, highly mobile, and one of the rarest of cetaceans. Individuals are annually resighted at different rates, primarily due to varying stay durations among several principal habitats within a large geographic range. To date, characterizations of abundance have been produced that use simple accounting procedures with differing assumptions about mortality. To better characterize changing abundance of North Atlantic right whales between 1990 and 2015, we adapted a state–space formulation with Jolly-Seber assumptions about population entry (birth and immigration) to individual resighting histories and fit it using empirical Bayes methodology. This hierarchical model included accommodation for the effect of the substantial individual capture heterogeneity. Estimates from this approach were only slightly higher than published accounting procedures, except for the most recent years (when recapture rates had declined substantially). North Atlantic right whales' abundance increased at about 2.8% per annum from median point estimates of 270 individuals in 1990 to 483 in 2010, and then declined to 2015, when the final estimate was 458 individuals (95% credible intervals 444–471). The probability that the population's trajectory post-2010 was a decline was estimated at 99.99%. Of special concern was the finding that reduced survival rates of adult females relative to adult males have produced diverging abundance trends between sexes. Despite constraints in recent years, both biological (whales' distribution changing) and logistical (fewer resources available to collect individual photo-identifications), it is still possible to detect this relatively recent, small change in the population's trajectory. This is thanks to the massive dataset of individual North Atlantic right whale identifications accrued over the past three decades. Photo-identification data provide biological information that allows more informed inference on the status of this species. North Atlantic right whales ( Eubalaena glacialis ) are among the most endangered of cetaceans. We developed a Bayesian state–space implementation of a Jolly-Seber mark–resight model to estimate their abundance over 26 years (1990–2015). Following a 20-year period of modest increase, the species went into decline for the final 6 years of the time series.
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-7758
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 8
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    Hayflick-NIH Settlement (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-01-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strehler, B L -- Abraham, S -- Bayreuther, K -- Bienenstock, A -- Binstock, R -- Birren, J -- Blumenthal, H T -- Brautbar, C -- Brody, E M -- Brody, H -- Comfort, A -- Cottle, R W -- Danielli, J F -- Danon, D -- Datan, N -- Ebbesen, P -- Elsen, A -- Freundt, E A -- Gallop, P M -- Girardi, A J -- Glenn, P F -- Goheen, J D -- Goldstein, S -- Good, R A -- Goodlin, R C -- Granoff, A -- Gray, A -- Haber, P A -- Hamparian, V V -- Hijmans, W -- Holliday, R -- Horvath, S M -- Houck, J C -- Huebner, R J -- Itoh, H -- Jukes, T -- Kaplan, H S -- Kirkman, H -- Kuwert, E -- Leiderman, P H -- Liss, A -- Litwin, J -- Lubin, B -- Macieira-Coelho, A -- Madoff, S -- Maletta, G J -- Maramorosch, K -- Martin, G M -- Masover, G -- Matsumura, T -- Medvedev, Z -- Melnick, J L -- Merchant, D J -- Namba, M -- Neter, E -- Neugarten, B -- Orgel, L -- Outschoorn, A S -- Pace, D M -- Packer, L -- Parker, J C -- Patterson, M D Jr -- Pollard, M -- Portnuff, J -- Razin, S -- Reiff, T R -- Robert, L -- Rockstein, M -- Rosamoff, H -- Rosanoff, E I -- Rottem, S -- Schachter, J -- Schwartz, H -- Shanas, E -- Shimkin, M B -- Smith, J R -- Somerson, N L -- Stinebring, W -- Textor, R -- Thomas, L -- Viidik, A -- Weg, R -- Yabrov, A -- Yanofsky, C -- Zatz, L M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 15;215(4530):240-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17784330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Depth profile studies of DC23PC bilayer structure using a multidiscipline approach (1991)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 7 (1991), S. 1880-1891 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la00057a011
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visible light emission from Si nanocrystals grown by ion implantation and subsequent annealing (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 1207-1209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Photoluminescence (PL), electron spin resonance (ESR), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) were used to investigate the luminescence mechanism in Si nanocrystals. Si ions were implanted in SiO2 films at 190 keV to a dose of 3×1017/cm2.An intense photoluminescence (PL) band at 755 nm (1.65 eV) was observed when the implanted films were annealed above 800 °C in air or in nitrogen. HRTEM images showed Si nanocrystals of sizes between 1 and 6 nm from these annealed samples. ESR indicated Si dangling bonds. Upon annealing at 900 °C in air a few times, the particle sizes were reduced to less than 2 nm due to oxidation. The red PL band is attributed to emission from Si nanocrystals. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.118275
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