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  • 1
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    Effects of Substrate Constraint on Crack Pattern Formation in Thin Films of Colloidal Polystyrene Particles (2011)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In: Langmuir
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Langmuir DOI: 10.1021/la2000624
    Print ISSN: 0743-7463
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5827
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 2
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    Gut DNA virome in childhood malnutrition [Microbiology] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-23
    Description: The bacterial component of the human gut microbiota undergoes a definable program of postnatal development. Evidence is accumulating that this program is disrupted in children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and that their persistent gut microbiota immaturity, which is not durably repaired with current ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) interventions, is...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    A possible formation scenario for dwarf spheroidal galaxies - II. A parameter study (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-08
    Description: Dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies are considered the basic building blocks of the galaxy formation process in the Lambda cold dark matter hierarchical cosmological model. These galaxies are believed to be the most dark matter (DM) dominated systems known, have the lowest stellar content and are poor in gas. Many theories attempt to explain the formation of dSph galaxies resorting to the fact that these galaxies are mainly found orbiting large galaxies or invoking other mechanisms of interactions. Here, we show the full set of simulation as an extension of our fiducial model, where we study the formation of classical dSph galaxies in isolation by dissolving star clusters within the DM halo of the dwarf galaxy. In our parameter survey, we adopt cored and cusped DM halo profiles and consider different numbers of dissolving star clusters. We investigate the dependence of observable quantities with different masses and scalelengths of the DM halo and different star formation efficiencies. We find that our proposed scenario explains many features of the classical dSph galaxies of the Milky Way, like their morphology and their dynamics. We see trends how the surface brightness and the scalelength of the luminous component vary with the parameters of our simulations. We also identify how irregularities in their shape, i.e. clumpiness and ellipticity vary in our simulations. In velocity space, we identify the parameters leading to flat velocity dispersions curves. We recognize kinematically cold substructures in velocity space, named fossil remnants and stemming from our unique initial conditions, which alter the expected results. These streaming motions are considered as a key feature for future observation with high resolution to validate our scenario.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    Gut microbiomes of Malawian twin pairs discordant for kwashiorkor (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-01
    Description: Kwashiorkor, an enigmatic form of severe acute malnutrition, is the consequence of inadequate nutrient intake plus additional environmental insults. To investigate the role of the gut microbiome, we studied 317 Malawian twin pairs during the first 3 years of life. During this time, half of the twin pairs remained well nourished, whereas 43% became discordant, and 7% manifested concordance for acute malnutrition. Both children in twin pairs discordant for kwashiorkor were treated with a peanut-based, ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF). Time-series metagenomic studies revealed that RUTF produced a transient maturation of metabolic functions in kwashiorkor gut microbiomes that regressed when administration of RUTF was stopped. Previously frozen fecal communities from several discordant pairs were each transplanted into gnotobiotic mice. The combination of Malawian diet and kwashiorkor microbiome produced marked weight loss in recipient mice, accompanied by perturbations in amino acid, carbohydrate, and intermediary metabolism that were only transiently ameliorated with RUTF. These findings implicate the gut microbiome as a causal factor in kwashiorkor.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3667500/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3667500/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Michelle I -- Yatsunenko, Tanya -- Manary, Mark J -- Trehan, Indi -- Mkakosya, Rajhab -- Cheng, Jiye -- Kau, Andrew L -- Rich, Stephen S -- Concannon, Patrick -- Mychaleckyj, Josyf C -- Liu, Jie -- Houpt, Eric -- Li, Jia V -- Holmes, Elaine -- Nicholson, Jeremy -- Knights, Dan -- Ursell, Luke K -- Knight, Rob -- Gordon, Jeffrey I -- DK078669/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK30292/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- F32 DK091044/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK078669/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK056341/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK030292/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 HD049338/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T32-HD049338/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T35 DK074375/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 1;339(6119):548-54. doi: 10.1126/science.1229000. Epub 2013 Jan 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23363771" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/metabolism ; Animals ; Arachis ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Child, Preschool ; Diseases in Twins/*microbiology ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract/*microbiology ; Germ-Free Life ; Humans ; Infant ; Kwashiorkor/diet therapy/epidemiology/*microbiology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Malawi/epidemiology ; Male ; *Metagenome ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    A possible formation scenario for dwarf spheroidal galaxies - I. Fiducial model (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-21
    Description: We perform numerical simulations to study a formation scenario for dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies in which their stellar populations are the products of the dissolution of open star clusters and stellar associations within cosmological dark matter haloes. This paper shows that this process gives rise to objects which resemble the observed dSph satellites of the Milky Way without invoking external influences. The presence of long-lived kinematic substructures within the stellar components of these objects affects their projected velocity dispersions. We find that this in turn affects mass estimates based on the projected velocity dispersion profiles which may overestimate the actual dark matter halo mass depending on the amount of substructure which is present. Our models make predictions about the detailed kinematic and photometric properties of the dSphs which can be tested using future observations.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Boundary effects in a quasi-two-dimensional driven granular fluid (2017)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-12-30
    Description: Author(s): N. D. Smith and M. I. Smith The effect of a confining boundary on the spatial variations in granular temperature of a driven quasi-two-dimensional layer of particles is investigated experimentally. The radial drop in the relative granular temperature Δ T / T exhibits a maximum at intermediate particle numbers which coincides with... [Phys. Rev. E 96, 062910] Published Fri Dec 29, 2017
    Keywords: Granular Materials
    Print ISSN: 1539-3755
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-2376
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 7
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    Origin of Contact Line Forces during the Retraction of Dilute Polymer Solution Drops (2014)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In: Langmuir
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-09
    Description: Langmuir DOI: 10.1021/la5005159
    Print ISSN: 0743-7463
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5827
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 8
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    Modelling evolution in the near field of a cementitious repository (2013)
    Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-30
    Description: In the United Kingdom, disposal of radioactive waste may involve packages of grouted waste being placed in a geological disposal facility (GDF) and surrounded by a cementitious backfill. This paper describes modelling that has been carried out to develop an understanding of the possible spatial and temporal evolution within the GDF. A single waste package is assumed to be filled with an encapsulation grout, placed in an underground vault and surrounded by a cementitious backfill. Groundwater from the host rock flows into the vault and through the backfill. A simplified model system examines the interactions between groundwater, cementitious backfill and grout. In most cases the model predicts a reduction in the backfill porosity due to precipitation and dissolution reactions, particularly at the upstream edge of the vault. The degree to which this occurs depends on the groundwater composition. The model also predicts precipitation and dissolution reactions would occur in the grouts close to their interface with the backfill, reducing the local porosity significantly which may isolate the grouts from the backfill, so that the pH within the grouts would be unchanged over an extended period.
    Print ISSN: 0026-461X
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-8022
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
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  • 9
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    Calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel dissolution and pH buffering in a cementitious near field (2013)
    Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-30
    Description: A cementitious backfill has been proposed in many geological disposal concepts for intermediate-level waste and low-level waste in the UK and elsewhere. In this paper, the main features of the chemical evolution of backfill and the associated changes in the near-field pH are illustrated with results from recent work. For example, interaction of the groundwater with calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) phases in a backfill is expected to play an important role in the long-term pH-buffering behaviour. Existing experimental data for the dissolution of C-S-H gels are compared with recent experimental results from leach tests on gels of a lower calcium to silicon ratio (C/S) to provide a consistent set of data across the full C/S range. The results confirm that a congruent dissolution point around C/S = 0.8 is approached by leaching from below (i.e. for gels with 0.29 〈 C/S 〈 0.8), as well as from above, as reported elsewhere. In addition, a spreadsheet model has been developed to calculate the volume of backfill required at the vault scale to meet specified pH performance criteria. This model includes the major reactions of the backfill with the groundwater, waste encapsulants and waste components. It can also consider the effects of specific waste packages on local pH performance to allow comparison with the vault-scale calculations.
    Print ISSN: 0026-461X
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-8022
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EVALUATION OF THE SULFONES AND STREPTOMYCIN IN EXPERIMENTAL TUBERCULOSIS (1949)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 52 (1949), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1949.tb53961.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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