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  • 1
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    A 190-ka biomarker record revealing interactions between sea ice, Atlantic Water inflow and ice sheet activity in eastern Fram Strait (2018)
    In:  EPIC3arktos, 4(1), pp. 22, ISSN: 2364-9453
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-10
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Velocity measurements in a strongly swirling natural gas flame (1997)
    Springer
    Forschung im Ingenieurwesen 63 (1997), S. 263-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0860
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird das Geschwindigkeitsfeld einer stark verdrallten Erdgasflamme vorgestellt. Es bildet die Basis für die intensive turbulente Durchmischung zwischen Brennstoff und Verbrennungsluft, die für Drallflammen charakteristisch ist. Aus einem zentralen Ringspalt tritt Erdgas aus und wird sofort in den stark verdrallten Luftstrahl integriert. Die Flamme stabilisiert sich nahe über dem Brenneraustritt und brennt symmetrisch. Als Meßdaten werden Mittelwerte für Axial- und Umfangsgeschwindigkeit zur Verfügung gestellt, sowie die Standardabweichungen und die Reynolds-Stress-Tensor Komponenten des Geschwindigkeitsvektors. Aufgrund der Kleinheit der mittleren Radialgeschwindigkeit werden diese Meßdaten nicht gezeigt. Die vorgestellten Ergebnisse dienen als Basis zur Validierung von Turbulenzmodellen.
    Notes: Abstract The present study was focused on the turbulent velocity field of a central annular natural gas jet which penetrated a strongly swirling air flow. Due to the high swirl number S = 0.95 and the high momentum ratio, the fuel jet was almost immediately integrated into the air stream. High rates of shear resulted in an intensive turbulent mixing process between natural gas and air. The central hub of the fuel exit annulus stabilized the reverse flow zone at a fixed location. The present nozzle configuration resulted in a very stable and symmetric flame.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00010836
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microsatellite analysis of maternal half-sib families of Quercus robur, pedunculate oak: II. inferring the number of pollen donors from the offspring (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 100 (2000), S. 858-865 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Oak ; Quercus ; Relatedness ; Linkage disequilibrium ; Microsatellites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  We present an approach to infer the number of pollen donors directly from genotype data of open- pollinated progeny of Quercus robur (pedunculate oak), a highly outcrossing tree species. The approach is based on closely linked, highly polymorphic codominant microsatellite markers. Initially the close linkages between three previously mapped microsatellite loci were confirmed by studies of linkage disequilibrium (LD). Then an approach to track the pollen donors contributing to maternal half-sib families (open-pollinated families) was developed by analysing haplotype arrays of closely linked microsatellite markers transmitted from the fathers to the progeny. Simulated data of five linked microsatellite loci segregating in eight open-pollinated families were used to study the relationship between the number of paternal chromosomes detected by this ”haplotype approach” and the number of diploid fathers contributing to the families. The results showed that the number of diploid pollen donors can be expressed as an exponential function of the number of paternal chromosomes inferred from the progeny. The 95% confidence interval of this regression function is used to determine the minimum number of fathers contributing to a genotyped open-pollinated family of Quercus robur. Finally this open-pollinated family is used to demonstrate the resolution obtained with the ”haplotype approach”. Six independent microsatellite loci were used to study relatedness among all pairs of pollen gametes that share a haplotype of three linked markers. The results suggest that the majority of such gametes are identical by descent from the same father. The ”haplotype approach” presented here can be used to monitor the number of contributing pollen donors in commercial seedlot samples from oak or any other outcrossing tree species for which closely linked, highly polymorphic, codominant genetic markers are available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051362
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and characterization of (GA/CT) n - microsatellite loci from Quercus petraea (1997)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 33 (1997), S. 1093-1096 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: genetic marker ; simple sequence repeat ; microsatellite ; oak genome ; Quercus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In this study a size selected genomic library from Quercus petraea was screened for (GA/CT)n-microsatellite sequences. The resulting loci were analysed by PCR for their usefulness as molecular markers in Q. petraea and Q. robur. 17 out of 52 tested primer pairs resulted in the amplification of a polymorphic single-locus pattern. The number of alleles found per locus varied from 6 to 16. Combining the genetic variation observed for the characterized loci provides a unique genotype for all the individuals tested. Using intraspecific controlled crosses of Q. robur trees Mendelian inheritance could be shown for five loci.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005736722794
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predictions of age-age correlations of total height based on serial correlations between height increments in Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) (1992)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 85 (1992), S. 152-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Juvenile-mature correlation ; Serial correlations ; Early selection ; Growth model ; Pinus pinaster(Ait.)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Successive annual height increments (AHIs) are considered to be elements of a time series. Empirical data in Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) show that genetic correlations between successive AHIs (serial correlation) decrease when the lag between corresponding growing seasons increases. When separated by more than 13 years AHIs are no longer genetically correlated. It is shown that age-age correlations between total heights depend on three components: the serial correlation structure between AHIs, the genetic coefficient of variation of AHIs, and the phenotypic growth curve of AHIs. Age-age correlations are computed in various combinations of the three components. Serial correlation structure and the genetic coefficient of variation had the more pronounced effect on age-age correlations. The genetic correlation between height at age 10 and height at age 50 varies between 0.764 and -0.136 according to the different combinations. Results obtained by simulations are comparable to those issued from previous empirical methods. mplications on early selection procedures and on optimal selection age are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222853
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The beta-binomial model for estimating heritabilities of binary traits (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 544-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Simulation ; Genetic response ; Family mean heritability ; Sib analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Calculations of individual narrow-sense heritability and family mean heritability of a binary trait in stochastically simulated sib trials in completely randomized block experiments showed that in some situations estimates of “realized” heritabilities obtained from the mixed linear threshold model could be improved by application of a proposed beta-binomial model. The proposed model adopts the beta-binomial as the conjugate-prior for the distribution of probabilities of observing the binary trait in a genetic entry. Estimation of the beta parameters allows an estimation of selection response and, by linkage to a threshold model for the individual observations, the desired heritabilities can be obtained. The average bias in the betabinomial estimates of heritability and family mean heritability was less than 2%. Improvements over existing procedures were especially manifest at heritabilities above 0.3 and at low overall probabilities of observing the trait (p 〈 0.30). The lowest root mean square errors were consistently obtained with the algorithm proposed by Harville and Mee (1984). The beta-binomial framework, although restricted to a single random additive genetic effect, further facilitates general analysis, estimation of selection response, and calculation of reliable family mean heritability. Intraclass correlations can be estimated directly from the beta-binomial parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222986
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance and molecular variations of PCR-SSCP fragments in pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 348-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key wordsQuercus robur  ;  PCR  ;  SSCP Co-dominant marker  ;  Mendelian inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Single-strand conformaiton polymorphism (SSCP) profiles of six PCR-amplified fragments (250–800 bp) were analyzed in three full-sib families of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) and their parents. Among the six fragments, four were polymorphic and one exhibited complex patterns that were not changed by varying the SSCP conditions. The number of bands for the analyzed fragments varied between two and four among individuals regardless of fragment size. As shown by segregation data, the variation in the number of bands between trees could only be attributed to the allelic composition (homozygotes vs heterozygotes): a genotype that exhibited two bands was presumptively homozygous, wheras a genotype exhibiting three or four bands was heterozygous. Mendelian proportions were observed in all crosses for each polymorphic fragment. In one cross, we could clearly identify a null allele due to a possible mutation at a primer site. Single-base mutations and short insertion-deletions were shown to be the molecular causes of the SSCP polymorphism observed between different alleles. The use of SSCP as a technique to identify co-dominant markers of PCR fragments (up to 800 bp) is recommended for gene diversity studies or for gene mapping.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050287
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between inbreeding depression and inbreeding coefficient in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 347-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Pinus pinaster  ;  Inbreeding depression  ; Filled seeds  ;  Adult growth  ;  Genetic load
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The relationship between inbreeding depression and inbreeding coefficient (F) for several important traits was investigated in an 11-year trial of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster). Five levels of inbreeding (F=0; 0.125; 0.25; 0.5; 0.75) were obtained in a mating design involving ten plus-trees, or their progenies, as parents (total of 51 families). For F=0.75, the mean inbreeding depressions were 27% for height, 37% for circumference at breast height (63% for bole volume), 23% for basal straightness (better straightness of the inbred trees), and 89% for female fertility (number of cones). Large differences were observed among inbred families for the same level of inbreeding. The evolution of depression with F was more or less linear, depending on the traits. Significant differences among F-levels appeared very early for height (from 5-years of age). Inbreeding depression was much more expressed during unfavorable years than during favorable years for yearly height growth. When compared with other Pinus species, maritime pine appears to be less affected by inbreeding, especially for the percentage of filled seeds and general vigor. A reduced genetic load in maritime pine may result from the evolutionary history of the species and its scattered distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050134
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance and molecular variations of PCR-SSCP fragments in pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 348-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Quercus robur ; PCR ; SSCP ; Co-dominant marker ; Mendelian inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Single-strand conformaiton polymorphism (SSCP) profiles of six PCR-amplified fragments (250–800 bp) were analyzed in three full-sib families of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) and their parents. Among the six fragments, four were polymorphic and one exhibited complex patterns that were not changed by varying the SSCP conditions. The number of bands for the analyzed fragments varied between two and four among individuals regardless of fragment size. As shown by segregation data, the variation in the number of bands between trees could only be attributed to the allelic composition (homozygotes vs heterozygotes): a genotype that exhibited two bands was presumptively homozygous, wheras a genotype exhibiting three or four bands was heterozygous. Mendelian proportions were observed in all crosses for each polymorphic fragment. In one cross, we could clearly identify a null allele due to a possible mutation at a primer site. Single-base mutations and short insertion-deletions were shown to be the molecular causes of the SSCP polymorphism observed between different alleles. The use of SSCP as a technique to identify co-dominant markers of PCR fragments (up to 800 bp) is recommended for gene diversity studies or for gene mapping.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223175
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative trait dissection analysis in Eucalyptus using RAPD markers: 1. Detection of QTL in interspecific hybrid progeny, stability of QTL expression across different ages (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 597-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Eucalyptus ; Genetic mapping ; QTL ; Stability ; Marker-assisted selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The objective of this study was to use random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) to determine the genetic location and effects of genomic regions controlling wood density, stem growth and stem form in two species of Eucalyptus. Two hundred F1 trees generated from an interspecific cross E. urophylla×E. grandis between two elite trees were used. Genetic maps were constructed for each parent with markers segregating in the 1:1 ratio in FS progeny. A total of 86 and 92 markers distributed among 11 linkage groups covered 1295 cM and 1312 cM for the E. urophylla and E. grandis parent, respectively. Traits were measured three times up to selection age (38 months). The magnitude of the phenotypic variation explained by the joint action of the segregating quantitative trait alleles indicated that genetic factors of large effect were involved in the control of the studied characters. Several regions controlling part of the variation for the studied traits were identified by interval mapping. Some regions of the genome exerted effects on more than one trait, providing a genetic explanation for at least some of the correlation between the traits. On the basis of an age-by-age analysis, a partial stability of QTL expression was observed with 68% of the QTL being expressed at two ages and 32% being age-specific. No QTL were significant for all three ages. Taking advantage of repeated measurements on the same material across different ages, we investigated with a maximum statistical power, the effect of marker genotype on traits, with age and QTL×age interaction effects being removed. A two-way analysis of variance made it possible to detect significant marker-trait associations over the period studied. Most of them had already been detected in the annual analysis. This result is very encouraging for the application of marker information to the early selection of hybrid trees to be vegetatively propagated for the production of clonal varieties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050601
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