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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1969-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0031-9228
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-0699
    Topics: Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-04-08
    Description: The mangrove killifish Kryptolebias marmoratus , and its close relative Kryptolebias hermaphroditus , are the only vertebrate species known to reproduce by self-fertilization due to functional ovotestis development. To improve our understanding of their genomes, we constructed a genetic map. First, a single F 1 fish was made by artificial fertilization between K. marmoratus and K. hermaphroditus strains. F 2 progeny were then obtained by self-fertilization of the F 1 fish. We used RAD-seq to query genomic DNAs from the two parental strains, the F 1 individual and 49 F 2 progeny. Results identified 9904 polymorphic RAD-tags (DNA markers) that mapped to 24 linkage groups, corresponding to the haploid chromosome number of these species. The total length of the map was 1248 cM, indicating that about one recombination occurred for each of the 24 homologous chromosome pairs in each meiosis. Markers were not evenly distributed along the chromosomes: in all chromosomes, many markers (〉 8% of the total markers for each chromosome) mapped to chromosome tips. Centromeres suppress recombination, and this uneven distribution is probably due to the species’ acrocentric chromosomes. Mapped marker sequences were compared to genomic sequences of medaka and platyfish, the next most closely related species with sequenced genomes that are anchored to genetic maps. Results showed that each mangrove killifish chromosome corresponds to a single chromosome of both platyfish and medaka, suggesting strong conservation of chromosomes over 100 million years of evolution. Our genetic map provides a framework for the K. marmoratus / K. hermaphroditus genome sequence and an important resource for understanding the biology of hermaphroditism.
    Electronic ISSN: 2160-1836
    Topics: Biology
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2014-10-17
    Description: We developed a longitudinally excited CO 2 laser with a tandem discharge tube. The tandem scheme was constituted of two 30-cm long discharge tubes connected with an intermediate electrode. Two parts, each consisting of a charged capacitance and a 30-cm long discharge tube, were electrically connected in parallel and switched by a spark gap. The tandem scheme produced a short laser pulse like that of a TEA-CO 2 laser with a charging voltage of −24.8 kV, which was smaller than the −40.0 kV charging voltage of our previous CO 2 laser. At a gas pressure of 3.8 kPa, the spike pulse width was 145 ns, the pulse tail length was 58.8 μs, the output energy was 52.0 mJ, and the spike pulse energy was 2.4 mJ. We also investigated the dependence of the laser pulse and the discharge voltage on gas pressure.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2014-09-16
    Description: We developed a longitudinally excited N 2 laser (337 nm) with low beam divergence without collimator lenses. The N 2 laser consisted of a 30 cm long Pyrex glass tube with an inner diameter of 2.5 mm, a normal stable resonator formed by flat mirrors, and a simple, novel driver circuit. At a N 2 gas pressure of 0.4 kPa and a repetition rate of 40 Hz, the N 2 laser produced a circular beam with an output energy of 2.6 μJ and a low full-angle beam divergence of 0.29 mrad due to the uniform discharge formed by the longitudinal excitation scheme, the long cavity with the small aperture, and the low-input energy oscillation.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1999-12-30
    Description: Dorsal and ventral aspects of the eye are distinct from the early stages of development. The developing eye cup grows dorsally, and the choroidal fissure is formed on its ventral side. Retinal axons from the dorsal and ventral retina project to the ventral and dorsal tectum, respectively. Misexpression of the Tbx5 gene induced dorsalization of the ventral side of the eye and altered projections of retinal ganglion cell axons. Thus, Tbx5 is involved in eye morphogenesis and is a topographic determinant of the visual projections between retina and tectum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koshiba-Takeuchi, K -- Takeuchi, J K -- Matsumoto, K -- Momose, T -- Uno, K -- Hoepker, V -- Ogura, K -- Takahashi, N -- Nakamura, H -- Yasuda, K -- Ogura, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jan 7;287(5450):134-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, Japan 630-0101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10615048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Avian Proteins ; Axons/*ultrastructure ; Body Patterning ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Chick Embryo ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Electroporation ; Ephrin-B1 ; Ephrin-B2 ; Eye/*embryology ; Gene Expression ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Morphogenesis ; PAX2 Transcription Factor ; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/embryology/metabolism ; Retina/*embryology/metabolism ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/ultrastructure ; Superior Colliculi/*embryology ; T-Box Domain Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Transfection ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2008-11-22
    Description: Metabolic regulation in mammals requires communication between multiple organs and tissues. The rise in the incidence of obesity and associated metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes, has renewed interest in interorgan communication. We used mouse models to explore the mechanism whereby obesity enhances pancreatic beta cell mass, pathophysiological compensation for insulin resistance. We found that hepatic activation of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) signaling induced pancreatic beta cell proliferation through a neuronal-mediated relay of metabolic signals. This metabolic relay from the liver to the pancreas is involved in obesity-induced islet expansion. In mouse models of insulin-deficient diabetes, liver-selective activation of ERK signaling increased beta cell mass and normalized serum glucose levels. Thus, interorgan metabolic relay systems may serve as valuable targets in regenerative treatments for diabetes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Imai, Junta -- Katagiri, Hideki -- Yamada, Tetsuya -- Ishigaki, Yasushi -- Suzuki, Toshinobu -- Kudo, Hirohito -- Uno, Kenji -- Hasegawa, Yutaka -- Gao, Junhong -- Kaneko, Keizo -- Ishihara, Hisamitsu -- Niijima, Akira -- Nakazato, Masamitsu -- Asano, Tomoichiro -- Minokoshi, Yasuhiko -- Oka, Yoshitomo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 21;322(5905):1250-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1163971.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19023081" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Central Nervous System/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism ; Hyperplasia ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/*metabolism/pathology ; Liver/*metabolism ; MAP Kinase Kinase 1/*metabolism ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Obesity/*metabolism ; Pancreas/innervation ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Vagus Nerve/cytology/metabolism ; Xenopus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2006-06-17
    Description: Coordinated control of energy metabolism and glucose homeostasis requires communication between organs and tissues. We identified a neuronal pathway that participates in the cross talk between the liver and adipose tissue. By studying a mouse model, we showed that adenovirus-mediated expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-g2 in the liver induces acute hepatic steatosis while markedly decreasing peripheral adiposity. These changes were accompanied by increased energy expenditure and improved systemic insulin sensitivity. Hepatic vagotomy and selective afferent blockage of the hepatic vagus revealed that the effects on peripheral tissues involve the afferent vagal nerve. Furthermore, an antidiabetic thiazolidinedione, a PPARg agonist, enhanced this pathway. This neuronal pathway from the liver may function to protect against metabolic perturbation induced by excessive energy storage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Uno, Kenji -- Katagiri, Hideki -- Yamada, Tetsuya -- Ishigaki, Yasushi -- Ogihara, Takehide -- Imai, Junta -- Hasegawa, Yutaka -- Gao, Junhong -- Kaneko, Keizo -- Iwasaki, Hiroko -- Ishihara, Hisamitsu -- Sasano, Hironobu -- Inukai, Kouichi -- Mizuguchi, Hiroyuki -- Asano, Tomoichiro -- Shiota, Masakazu -- Nakazato, Masamitsu -- Oka, Yoshitomo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 16;312(5780):1656-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16778057" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/innervation/*metabolism ; Afferent Pathways/physiology ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Dietary Fats/administration & dosage ; Efferent Pathways/physiology ; *Energy Metabolism ; Fatty Liver/pathology ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology ; Insulin/blood/*physiology ; Insulin Resistance ; Lipolysis ; Liver/*innervation/*metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Oxygen Consumption ; PPAR gamma/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sympathetic Nervous System/physiology ; Vagotomy ; Vagus Nerve/*physiology ; Weight Gain
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This paper presents a method of evaluation of Wiener-Hopf technique solutions for sound radiation from an unflanged circular duct with infinitely thin duct wall, including mean flows.
    Keywords: Aeronautics (General)
    Type: NASA-TM-112200 , NAS 1.15:112200 , A-976769
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: In the invention, propagating broad band and tonal acoustic components of noise characteristic of interaction of a turbomachine blade wake, produced by a turbomachine blade as the blade rotates, with a turbomachine component downstream of the rotating blade, are reduced. This is accomplished by injection of fluid into the blade wake through a port in the rotor blade. The mass flow rate of the fluid injected into the blade wake is selected to reduce the momentum deficit of the wake to correspondingly increase the time-mean velocity of the wake and decrease the turbulent velocity fluctuations of the wake. With this fluid injection, reduction of both propagating broad band and tonal acoustic components of noise produced by interaction of the blade wake with a turbomachine component downstream of the rotating blade is achieved. In a further noise reduction technique, boundary layer fluid is suctioned into the turbomachine blade through a suction port on the side of the blade that is characterized as the relatively low-pressure blade side. As with the fluid injection technique, the mass flow rate of the fluid suctioned into the blade is here selected to reduce the momentum deficit of the wake to correspondingly increase the time-mean velocity of the wake and decrease the turbulent velocity fluctuations of the wake; reduction of both propagating broad band and tonal acoustic components of noise produced by interaction of the blade wake with a turbomachine component downstream of the rotating blade is achieved with this suction technique. Blowing and suction techniques are also provided in the invention for reducing noise associated with the wake produced by fluid flow around a stationary blade upstream of a rotating turbomachine.
    Keywords: Acoustics
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 987-989 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Two electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion sources were manufactured for the accelerator facility at the Hyogo Ion Beam Medical Center. H2+, He2+, and C4+ were chosen as the accelerating ions because they have the highest charge to mass ratio among ion states which satisfy the required intensity and quality. The sources have the same structure as the 10 GHz ECR source at the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba except for a few improvements in the magnetic structure. Their performance was investigated at the Sumitomo Heavy Industries factory before shipment. The maximum intensity was 1500 μA for H2+, 1320 μA for He2+, and 580 μA for C4+ at the end of the ion source beam transport line. These are several times higher than required. Sufficient performance was also observed in the flatness and long-term stability of the pulsed beams. These test results satisfy the requirements for medical use. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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