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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2013-02-13
    Description: Tumour growth is dependent on angiogenesis, and tumour blood vessels are recognized as an important target for cancer therapy. Tumour endothelial cells (TECs) are the main targets of anti-angiogenic therapy. Unlike the traditionally held view, some TECs may be genetically abnormal and might acquire drug resistance. Therefore, we investigated the drug resistance of TECs and the mechanism by which it is acquired. TECs show resistance to paclitaxel through greater mRNA expression of multidrug resistance 1, which encodes P-glycoprotein, as compared with normal endothelial cells. We found that high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in tumour-conditioned medium may be responsible for upregulated P-glycoprotein expression. This is a novel mechanism for the acquisition of drug resistance by TECs in a tumour microenvironment. This review focuses on the possibility that TECs can acquire drug resistance.
    Print ISSN: 0021-924X
    Electronic ISSN: 1756-2651
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2015-10-07
    Description: SecDF interacts with the SecYEG translocon in bacteria and enhances protein export in a proton-motive-force-dependent manner. Vibrio alginolyticus, a marine-estuarine bacterium, contains two SecDF paralogs, V.SecDF1 and V.SecDF2. Here, we show that the export-enhancing function of V.SecDF1 requires Na+ instead of H+, whereas V.SecDF2 is Na+-independent, presumably requiring H+. In...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-09-22
    Description: We have investigated the growth of β-FeSi 2 grains on Si(001) substrates with 90-nm-thick gold layer and its photoluminescence (PL) property. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy observations revealed that coarse island β-FeSi 2 grains with sizes from several to tens of micrometers were formed on the Si surface. A clear PL spectrum for the β-FeSi 2 grains was observed on as deposited sample by argon-ion laser irradiation to the Si substrate side. The values of the activation energy for a non-radiative recombination path were large, and indicated the formation of high-crystal-quality β-FeSi 2 with a low-level non-radiative center without post-annealing.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2012-01-12
    Description: Author(s): S. Murakawa, M. Wasai, K. Akiyama, Y. Wada, Y. Tamura, R. Nomura, and Y. Okuda [Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 025302] Published Wed Jan 11, 2012
    Keywords: Condensed Matter: Structure, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A signal peptide (SP) is cleaved off from presecretory proteins by signal peptidase during or immediately after insertion into the membrane. In metazoan cells, the cleaved SP then receives proteolysis by signal peptide peptidase, an intramembrane-cleaving protease (I-CLiP). However, bacteria lack any signal peptide peptidase member I-CLiP, and little is known about the metabolic fate of bacterial SPs. Here we show that Escherichia coli RseP, an site-2 protease (S2P) family I-CLiP, introduces a cleavage into SPs after their signal peptidase-mediated liberation from preproteins. A Bacillus subtilis S2P protease, RasP, is also shown to be involved in SP cleavage. These results uncover a physiological role of bacterial S2P proteases and update the basic knowledge about the fate of signal peptides in bacterial cells.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2002-03-23
    Description: Full-length complementary DNAs (cDNAs) are essential for the correct annotation of genomic sequences and for the functional analysis of genes and their products. We isolated 155,144 RIKEN Arabidopsis full-length (RAFL) cDNA clones. The 3'-end expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of 155,144 RAFL cDNAs were clustered into 14,668 nonredundant cDNA groups, about 60% of predicted genes. We also obtained 5' ESTs from 14,034 nonredundant cDNA groups and constructed a promoter database. The sequence database of the RAFL cDNAs is useful for promoter analysis and correct annotation of predicted transcription units and gene products. Furthermore, the full-length cDNAs are useful resources for analyses of the expression profiles, functions, and structures of plant proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seki, Motoaki -- Narusaka, Mari -- Kamiya, Asako -- Ishida, Junko -- Satou, Masakazu -- Sakurai, Tetsuya -- Nakajima, Maiko -- Enju, Akiko -- Akiyama, Kenji -- Oono, Youko -- Muramatsu, Masami -- Hayashizaki, Yoshihide -- Kawai, Jun -- Carninci, Piero -- Itoh, Masayoshi -- Ishii, Yoshiyuki -- Arakawa, Takahiro -- Shibata, Kazuhiro -- Shinagawa, Akira -- Shinozaki, Kazuo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 5;296(5565):141-5. Epub 2002 Mar 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Plant Mutation Exploration Team, Plant Functional Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center (GSC), 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba 305-0074, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11910074" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/*genetics/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Chromosome Mapping ; Cloning, Molecular ; Computational Biology ; *DNA, Complementary/isolation & purification ; DNA, Plant/genetics ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; *Expressed Sequence Tags ; Gene Expression ; Gene Library ; *Genes, Plant ; Genome, Plant ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2008-08-12
    Description: Shoot branching is a major determinant of plant architecture and is highly regulated by endogenous and environmental cues. Two classes of hormones, auxin and cytokinin, have long been known to have an important involvement in controlling shoot branching. Previous studies using a series of mutants with enhanced shoot branching suggested the existence of a third class of hormone(s) that is derived from carotenoids, but its chemical identity has been unknown. Here we show that levels of strigolactones, a group of terpenoid lactones, are significantly reduced in some of the branching mutants. Furthermore, application of strigolactones inhibits shoot branching in these mutants. Strigolactones were previously found in root exudates acting as communication chemicals with parasitic weeds and symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Thus, we propose that strigolactones act as a new hormone class-or their biosynthetic precursors-in regulating above-ground plant architecture, and also have a function in underground communication with other neighbouring organisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Umehara, Mikihisa -- Hanada, Atsushi -- Yoshida, Satoko -- Akiyama, Kohki -- Arite, Tomotsugu -- Takeda-Kamiya, Noriko -- Magome, Hiroshi -- Kamiya, Yuji -- Shirasu, Ken -- Yoneyama, Koichi -- Kyozuka, Junko -- Yamaguchi, Shinjiro -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 11;455(7210):195-200. doi: 10.1038/nature07272.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉RIKEN Plant Science Center, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18690207" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/drug effects/genetics/growth & development ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Lactones/analysis/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Mutation ; Oryza/drug effects/growth & development/metabolism/parasitology ; Plant Growth Regulators/analysis/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Plant Roots/parasitology ; Plant Shoots/*drug effects/*growth & development ; Seedlings ; Terpenes/analysis/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2008-02-09
    Description: Mouse CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) thymocytes differentiate into CD4+ helper-lineage cells upon expression of the transcription factor Th-POK but commit to the CD8+ cytotoxic lineage in its absence. We report the redirected differentiation of class I-restricted thymocytes into CD4+CD8- helper-like T cells upon loss of Runx transcription factor complexes. A Runx-binding sequence within the Th-POK locus acts as a transcriptional silencer that is essential for Th-POK repression and for development of CD8+ T cells. Thus, Th-POK expression and genetic programming for T helper cell development are actively inhibited by Runx-dependent silencer activity, allowing for cytotoxic T cell differentiation. Identification of the transcription factors network in CD4 and CD8 lineage choice provides insight into how distinct T cell subsets are developed for regulating the adaptive immune system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Setoguchi, Ruka -- Tachibana, Masashi -- Naoe, Yoshinori -- Muroi, Sawako -- Akiyama, Kaori -- Tezuka, Chieko -- Okuda, Tsukasa -- Taniuchi, Ichiro -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 8;319(5864):822-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1151844.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18258917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics/*physiology ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 3 Subunit/genetics/*physiology ; Core Binding Factor beta Subunit/metabolism ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Silencer Elements, Transcriptional ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology/*immunology/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/cytology/*immunology/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/cytology/immunology/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2003-11-01
    Description: Functional analysis of a genome requires accurate gene structure information and a complete gene inventory. A dual experimental strategy was used to verify and correct the initial genome sequence annotation of the reference plant Arabidopsis. Sequencing full-length cDNAs and hybridizations using RNA populations from various tissues to a set of high-density oligonucleotide arrays spanning the entire genome allowed the accurate annotation of thousands of gene structures. We identified 5817 novel transcription units, including a substantial amount of antisense gene transcription, and 40 genes within the genetically defined centromeres. This approach resulted in completion of approximately 30% of the Arabidopsis ORFeome as a resource for global functional experimentation of the plant proteome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yamada, Kayoko -- Lim, Jun -- Dale, Joseph M -- Chen, Huaming -- Shinn, Paul -- Palm, Curtis J -- Southwick, Audrey M -- Wu, Hank C -- Kim, Christopher -- Nguyen, Michelle -- Pham, Paul -- Cheuk, Rosa -- Karlin-Newmann, George -- Liu, Shirley X -- Lam, Bao -- Sakano, Hitomi -- Wu, Troy -- Yu, Guixia -- Miranda, Molly -- Quach, Hong L -- Tripp, Matthew -- Chang, Charlie H -- Lee, Jeong M -- Toriumi, Mitsue -- Chan, Marie M H -- Tang, Carolyn C -- Onodera, Courtney S -- Deng, Justine M -- Akiyama, Kenji -- Ansari, Yasser -- Arakawa, Takahiro -- Banh, Jenny -- Banno, Fumika -- Bowser, Leah -- Brooks, Shelise -- Carninci, Piero -- Chao, Qimin -- Choy, Nathan -- Enju, Akiko -- Goldsmith, Andrew D -- Gurjal, Mani -- Hansen, Nancy F -- Hayashizaki, Yoshihide -- Johnson-Hopson, Chanda -- Hsuan, Vickie W -- Iida, Kei -- Karnes, Meagan -- Khan, Shehnaz -- Koesema, Eric -- Ishida, Junko -- Jiang, Paul X -- Jones, Ted -- Kawai, Jun -- Kamiya, Asako -- Meyers, Cristina -- Nakajima, Maiko -- Narusaka, Mari -- Seki, Motoaki -- Sakurai, Tetsuya -- Satou, Masakazu -- Tamse, Racquel -- Vaysberg, Maria -- Wallender, Erika K -- Wong, Cecilia -- Yamamura, Yuki -- Yuan, Shiaulou -- Shinozaki, Kazuo -- Davis, Ronald W -- Theologis, Athanasios -- Ecker, Joseph R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):842-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Plant Gene Expression Center, Albany, CA 94710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14593172" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/*genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Plant/genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Computational Biology ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; DNA, Intergenic ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genes, Plant ; *Genome, Plant ; Genomics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Open Reading Frames ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics ; RNA, Plant/*genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1995-02-10
    Description: Integrin receptors mediate cell adhesion, signal transduction, and cytoskeletal organization. How a single transmembrane receptor can fulfill multiple functions was clarified by comparing roles of receptor occupancy and aggregation. Integrin occupancy by monovalent ligand induced receptor redistribution, but minimal tyrosine phosphorylation signaling or cytoskeletal protein redistribution. Aggregation of integrins by noninhibitory monoclonal antibodies on beads induced intracellular accumulations of pp125FAK and tensin, as well as phosphorylation, but no accumulation of other cytoskeletal proteins such as talin. Combining antibody-mediated clustering with monovalent ligand occupancy induced accumulation of seven cytoskeletal proteins, including alpha-actinin, talin, and F-actin, thereby mimicking multivalent interactions with fibronectin or polyvalent peptides. Integrins therefore mediate a complex repertoire of functions through the distinct effects of receptor aggregation, receptor occupancy, or both together.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miyamoto, S -- Akiyama, S K -- Yamada, K M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 10;267(5199):883-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4370.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7846531" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/*metabolism ; Focal Adhesion Kinase 1 ; Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Humans ; Integrins/*physiology ; Ligands ; Microfilament Proteins/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligopeptides/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tyrosine/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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