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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2015-05-01
    Description: Static (low-rate, 30 s) and kinematic (high-rate, 1 s) Global Positioning System solutions are employed to investigate the near-field coseismic and early postseismic deformation associated with the 5 January 2013 Craig M w  7.5 earthquake. Based on the static solutions, the coseismic slip distribution has an average slip of ~6 m, a geodetic moment M 0 of 1.5 x 10 20 N·m, and a magnitude M w of 7.4. A comparison of the static and kinematic results indicates that early (first 4 days) postseismic deformation was small compared to the coseismic deformation. The postseismic transient can be characterized by a logarithmic decay function with an average decay time constant of about 56 days. Substantial postseismic deformation is observed over the first ~1.6 yrs of the earthquake and can be explained by afterslip on an adjacent segment of the fault to the southeast of the main coseismic rupture. Additional study will be needed to confirm whether afterslip is indeed the dominant mechanism causing postseismic motions or if another mechanism is also active. Online Material: Figures showing high-rate Global Positioning System time series and model fits for selected sites.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2013-10-12
    Description: X-ray observations provide a key tool for exploring the properties of galactic coronae and their formation processes. In an earlier paper, we have presented a Chandra data analysis of the coronae of 53 nearby highly inclined disc galaxies. Here we study the correlation of the X-ray measurements of the coronae with other galaxy properties and compare the results with those obtained for elliptical galaxies. A good correlation is present between the coronal luminosity ( L X ) and the star formation rate (SFR). But we find a better correlation between L X and the total supernova (SN) mechanical energy input rate (E SN ), including the expected contribution from both core collapsed (CC) and Type Ia SNe. The X-ray radiation efficiency ( L X /E SN ) of the coronae has a mean value of ~0.4 per cent with an rms of 0.50 ± 0.06 dex. further correlates with M TF / M * ( M TF is the total baryon mass measured from the rotation velocity and the Tully–Fisher relation, and M * is the stellar mass measured from the K -band luminosity) and the CC SN rate surface density [ F SN(CC) , in units of SN yr –1 kpc –2 ], which can be characterized as =(0.41 -0.12 +0.13 per cent) M TF /M * and =(1.4 ± 0.5 per cent)F SN(CC) -(0.29 ± 0.11) . These correlations reflect the roles played by the gravitational mass and energetic feedback concentrations of the galaxies in determining their X-ray radiation efficiency. The characteristic temperature ( T X ) of the coronal gas shows little dependence on the total or specific SFR, the cold gas content or L X . The coronae of disc galaxies tend to be more X-ray luminous, hotter and lower in the Fe/O abundance ratio than those of elliptical ones of similar masses. Early-type non-starburst disc galaxies tend to be more Fe-rich, while starburst ones have a roughly constant abundance ratio of Fe/O ~ 0.36 ± 0.12 solar. Our results are consistent with the coronal gas being mainly provided by stellar feedback in a galaxy stellar mass range of ~10 8.7–11 M . In addition, processes such as charge exchange at cool/hot gas interfaces, as well as various other environmental effects, are also needed to explain the diversity of the observed coronal X-ray properties.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2014-08-27
    Description: Author(s): S. F. Wu, P. Richard, X. B. Wang, C. S. Lian, S. M. Nie, J. T. Wang, N. L. Wang, and H. Ding We have performed polarized Raman scattering measurements on the newly discovered superconductor Nd(O,F)BiS2 (Tc=4 K). We observe 2 Raman-active modes, with frequencies in accordance with first-principles calculations. One A1g phonon mode at 112.4 cm−1 exhibits a Fano line shape due to electron-phon... [Phys. Rev. B 90, 054519] Published Tue Aug 26, 2014
    Keywords: Superfluidity and superconductivity
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2014-05-01
    Description: Author(s): S.-F. Wu, P. Richard, W.-L. Zhang, C.-S. Lian, Y.-L. Sun, G.-H. Cao, J.-T. Wang, and H. Ding We have performed polarized Raman scattering measurements on the newly discovered superconductor Ba2Ti2Fe2As4O (Tc=21 K). We observe seven out of eight Raman active modes, with frequencies in good accordance with first-principles calculations. The phonon spectra suggest neither strong electron-phono... [Phys. Rev. B 89, 134522] Published Wed Apr 30, 2014
    Keywords: Superfluidity and superconductivity
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2014-08-09
    Description: The effect of back pressure during equal channel angular pressing on thermal stability of Electrolytic Tough Pitch (ETP) copper was studied. The thermal behavior was assessed by means of microhardness measurements and microstructure characterization of the deformed samples at various stages of annealing. The assessment of the variation of the recrystallized fraction of the material with annealing was also carried out using a relatively new method based on internal misorientation measurements by EBSD technique. A higher stored energy and lower activation energy for recrystallization in the case of a back pressure of 100 MPa was obtained by means of DSC analysis. As a main outcome of this work, it was found that application of back pressure reduces thermal stability of the UFG microstructure. However, the effect is relatively small and does not negate the advantages of processing with back pressure in terms of the degree of grain refinement and strength enhancement.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2010-12-04
    Description: Asymmetric segregation of P granules during the first four divisions of the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo is a classic example of cytoplasmic partitioning of germline determinants. It is thought that asymmetric partitioning of P granule components during mitosis is essential to distinguish germline from soma. We have identified a mutant (pptr-1) in which P granules become unstable during mitosis and P granule proteins and RNAs are distributed equally to somatic and germline blastomeres. Despite symmetric partitioning of P granule components, pptr-1 mutants segregate a germline that uniquely expresses P granules during postembryonic development. pptr-1 mutants are fertile, except at high temperatures. Hence, asymmetric partitioning of maternal P granules is not essential to specify germ cell fate. Instead, it may serve to protect the nascent germline from stress.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3072820/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3072820/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gallo, Christopher M -- Wang, Jennifer T -- Motegi, Fumio -- Seydoux, Geraldine -- GM080042/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD007276/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD037047/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD037047/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD037047-12/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 17;330(6011):1685-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1193697. Epub 2010 Dec 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, PCTB 706, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21127218" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastomeres/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*embryology/genetics/metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/*metabolism/physiology ; Cytoplasm/*metabolism ; Cytoplasmic Granules/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Embryonic Development ; Germ Cells/*physiology ; Interphase ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Mitosis ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; RNA, Helminth/*metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Zygote/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1995-11-10
    Description: The protein sigma 54 associates with Escherichia coli core RNA polymerase to form a holoenzyme that binds promoters but is inactive in the absence of enhancer activation. Here, mutants of sigma 54 enabled polymerases to transcribe without enhancer protein and adenosine triphosphate. The mutations are in leucines within the NH2-terminal glutamine-rich domain of sigma 54. Multiple leucine substitutions mimicked the effect of enhancer protein, which suggests that the enhancer protein functions to disrupt a leucine patch. The results indicate that sigma 54 acts both as an inhibitor of polymerase activity and as a receptor that interacts with enhancer protein to overcome this inhibition, and that these two activities jointly confer enhancer responsiveness.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, J T -- Syed, A -- Hsieh, M -- Gralla, J D -- GM35754/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 10;270(5238):992-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins/physiology ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*physiology ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Escherichia coli/*enzymology/genetics/growth & development ; Escherichia coli Proteins ; Leucine/chemistry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; PII Nitrogen Regulatory Proteins ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA Polymerase Sigma 54 ; Sigma Factor/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Trans-Activators ; Transcription Factors/*physiology ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2014-10-25
    Description: Although fluorescence microscopy provides a crucial window into the physiology of living specimens, many biological processes are too fragile, are too small, or occur too rapidly to see clearly with existing tools. We crafted ultrathin light sheets from two-dimensional optical lattices that allowed us to image three-dimensional (3D) dynamics for hundreds of volumes, often at subsecond intervals, at the diffraction limit and beyond. We applied this to systems spanning four orders of magnitude in space and time, including the diffusion of single transcription factor molecules in stem cell spheroids, the dynamic instability of mitotic microtubules, the immunological synapse, neutrophil motility in a 3D matrix, and embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. The results provide a visceral reminder of the beauty and the complexity of living systems.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4336192/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4336192/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Bi-Chang -- Legant, Wesley R -- Wang, Kai -- Shao, Lin -- Milkie, Daniel E -- Davidson, Michael W -- Janetopoulos, Chris -- Wu, Xufeng S -- Hammer, John A 3rd -- Liu, Zhe -- English, Brian P -- Mimori-Kiyosue, Yuko -- Romero, Daniel P -- Ritter, Alex T -- Lippincott-Schwartz, Jennifer -- Fritz-Laylin, Lillian -- Mullins, R Dyche -- Mitchell, Diana M -- Bembenek, Joshua N -- Reymann, Anne-Cecile -- Bohme, Ralph -- Grill, Stephan W -- Wang, Jennifer T -- Seydoux, Geraldine -- Tulu, U Serdar -- Kiehart, Daniel P -- Betzig, Eric -- GM33830/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM033830/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM080370/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01HD37047/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- RM01-GM61010/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007445/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 24;346(6208):1257998. doi: 10.1126/science.1257998. Epub 2014 Oct 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA. ; Coleman Technologies, Incorporated, Newtown Square, PA 19073, USA. ; National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA. ; Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. ; Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Optical Image Analysis Unit, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe 650-0047, Japan. ; Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. ; Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK. ; Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. ; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany. Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01307 Dresden, Germany. ; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. ; Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. ; Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA. betzige@janelia.hhmi.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25342811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*embryology ; Cell Communication ; Drosophila melanogaster/*embryology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/*ultrastructure ; Embryonic Stem Cells/ultrastructure ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/*methods ; Mice ; Microscopy/*methods ; Molecular Imaging/*methods ; Spheroids, Cellular/ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2017-02-14
    Description: The catalyzing effect on nucleation of recrystallization from pre-existing grains is analyzed, analogy to the foreign nucleus size effect in heterogeneous nucleation. Analytical formulation of the effective nucleation site for recrystallization leads to a negative temperature dependence of recrystallized grain size. Non-isochronal annealing, where annealing time is set just enough for the completion of recrystallization at different temperature, is conducted on pure copper after severe plastic deformation. More homogeneous and smaller grains are obtained at higher annealing temperature. The good fitting between analytical and experimental results unveils the intrinsic feature of this negative temperature dependence of recrystallized grain size.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2016-10-26
    Description: Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) are ubiquitous mobile genetic elements present as “genomic islands” within bacterial chromosomes. Symbiosis islands are ICEs that convert nonsymbiotic mesorhizobia into symbionts of legumes. Here we report the discovery of symbiosis ICEs that exist as three separate chromosomal regions when integrated in their hosts, but...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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