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  • 1
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    Genetic comorbidities in Parkinson's disease (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-11
    Description: Parkinson's disease (PD) has a number of known genetic risk factors. Clinical and epidemiological studies have suggested the existence of intermediate factors that may be associated with additional risk of PD. We construct genetic risk profiles for additional epidemiological and clinical factors using known genome-wide association studies (GWAS) loci related to these specific phenotypes to estimate genetic comorbidity in a systematic review. We identify genetic risk profiles based on GWAS variants associated with schizophrenia and Crohn's disease as significantly associated with risk of PD. Conditional analyses adjusting for SNPs near loci associated with PD and schizophrenia or PD and Crohn's disease suggest that spatially overlapping loci associated with schizophrenia and PD account for most of the shared comorbidity, while variation outside of known proximal loci shared by PD and Crohn's disease accounts for their shared genetic comorbidity. We examine brain methylation and expression signatures proximal to schizophrenia and Crohn's disease loci to infer functional changes in the brain associated with the variants contributing to genetic comorbidity. We compare our results with a systematic review of epidemiological literature, while the findings are dissimilar to a degree; marginal genetic associations corroborate the directionality of associations across genetic and epidemiological data. We show a strong genetically defined level of comorbidity between PD and Crohn's disease as well as between PD and schizophrenia, with likely functional consequences of associated variants occurring in brain.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Recombination in the hemagglutinin gene of the 1918 "Spanish flu" (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-08
    Description: When gene sequences from the influenza virus that caused the 1918 pandemic were first compared with those of related viruses, they yielded few clues about its origins and virulence. Our reanalysis indicates that the hemagglutinin gene, a key virulence determinant, originated by recombination. The "globular domain" of the 1918 hemagglutinin protein was encoded by a part of a gene derived from a swine-lineage influenza, whereas the "stalk" was encoded by parts derived from a human-lineage influenza. Phylogenetic analyses showed that this recombination, which probably changed the virulence of the virus, occurred at the start of, or immediately before, the pandemic and thus may have triggered it.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbs, M J -- Armstrong, J S -- Gibbs, A J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 7;293(5536):1842-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. mark.gibbs@anu.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11546876" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Evolution, Molecular ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Influenza A virus/*genetics/*pathogenicity ; Influenza, Human/*epidemiology/*virology ; Monte Carlo Method ; Mutation/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombination, Genetic/*genetics ; Swine/virology ; United States/epidemiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Narrow pollen diets are associated with declining Midwestern bumble bee species (2019)
    Wiley
    In: Ecology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Many species of bumble bee (Bombus) have declined in range and abundance across Europe, the Americas, and Asia, whereas other species have persisted and remain common and widespread. One explanation as to why some species have declined, based primarily on studies of the European bumble bee fauna, is that declining species have relatively narrow pollen‐foraging niches and are less able to use alternative host plants in the absence of their preferred hosts. Though extensively explored in Europe, this hypothesis has not been investigated in North America, in part due to incomplete information on the foraging niche of many species. We selected 12 bumble bee species found in Michigan and quantified their pollen diets using museum specimens. We also extensively resurveyed the state to understand their contemporary status and distribution. Compared to a pre‐2000 baseline, six species remain relatively common and widespread, whereas six species show range contractions of over 50%. There was a significant relationship between dietary breadth and distributional range change, with declined or declining species collecting around one‐third fewer pollen types than stable species. Though there were significant compositional differences, we found no differences in the number of pollen types collected by species with differing tongue lengths. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that species with narrower dietary niches are at greater risk of decline. However, it is not clear if narrow dietary niches are a cause of declines, or if both are driven by an underlying factor such as proximity to the edge of climatic niches. Further research is needed to improve our understanding of dietary niche in bumble bees, and how it interacts with other factors to influence population trajectories of stable and at‐risk species.
    Print ISSN: 0012-9658
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-9170
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Ecological Society of America (ESA).
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  • 4
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    Coccolithophore calcification response to past ocean acidification and climate change (2014)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-19
    Description: Article Calcifying organisms such as planktonic coccolithophores may be particularly vulnerable to increased ocean acidification. Here, O’Dea et al. show that two fossil coccolithophore species exhibited reduced calcification rates during a global warming acidification event 56 million years ago. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6363 Authors: Sarah A. O’Dea, Samantha J. Gibbs, Paul R. Bown, Jeremy R. Young, Alex J. Poulton, Cherry Newsam, Paul A. Wilson
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 5
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    Endogenous cholecystokinin reduces feeding in young rats (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-03-30
    Description: The hypothesis that endogenous cholecystokinin (CCK) released from the small intestine during feeding causes satiety was tested in rat pups, 9 to 12 days old. Intragastric administration of soybean trypsin inhibitor, a procedure that releases CCK from the small intestine, decreased the subsequent intake of a test meal. This effect was reversed by prior treatment with MK-329, a selective antagonist of CCK at alimentary-type CCK (CCK-A) receptors. Thus, endogenous, small intestinal CCK can cause satiety in the neonatal rat and this effect involves CCK-A receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weller, A -- Smith, G P -- Gibbs, J -- MH00149/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH40010/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Mar 30;247(4950):1589-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, Cornell University Medical College, White Plains, NY.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2321020" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Benzodiazepinones/pharmacology ; Cholecystokinin/antagonists & inhibitors/*physiology ; Devazepide ; Eating/*physiology ; Intestine, Small/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Cholecystokinin/drug effects/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Phytoplankton calcification in a high-CO2 world (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-04-19
    Description: Ocean acidification in response to rising atmospheric CO2 partial pressures is widely expected to reduce calcification by marine organisms. From the mid-Mesozoic, coccolithophores have been major calcium carbonate producers in the world's oceans, today accounting for about a third of the total marine CaCO3 production. Here, we present laboratory evidence that calcification and net primary production in the coccolithophore species Emiliania huxleyi are significantly increased by high CO2 partial pressures. Field evidence from the deep ocean is consistent with these laboratory conclusions, indicating that over the past 220 years there has been a 40% increase in average coccolith mass. Our findings show that coccolithophores are already responding and will probably continue to respond to rising atmospheric CO2 partial pressures, which has important implications for biogeochemical modeling of future oceans and climate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iglesias-Rodriguez, M Debora -- Halloran, Paul R -- Rickaby, Rosalind E M -- Hall, Ian R -- Colmenero-Hidalgo, Elena -- Gittins, John R -- Green, Darryl R H -- Tyrrell, Toby -- Gibbs, Samantha J -- von Dassow, Peter -- Rehm, Eric -- Armbrust, E Virginia -- Boessenkool, Karin P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 18;320(5874):336-40. doi: 10.1126/science.1154122.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18420926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; *Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcium Carbonate/analysis ; *Carbon Dioxide ; Eukaryota/growth & development/*physiology ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oceans and Seas ; Photosynthesis ; Phytoplankton/growth & development/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Comment on "Calcareous nannoplankton response to surface-water acidification around Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a" (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-09
    Description: Erba et al. (Reports, 23 July 2010, p. 428) attributed calcareous nannofossil morphology and assemblage changes across Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a to the effects of surface ocean acidification. We argue that the quality of carbonate preservation in these sequences, the unsupported assumptions of the biotic response to acidity, and the absence of independent proxy estimates for ocean pH or atmospheric pCO(2) render this conclusion questionable.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbs, Samantha J -- Robinson, Stuart A -- Bown, Paul R -- Jones, Tom Dunkley -- Henderiks, Jorijntje -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 8;332(6026):175; author reply 175. doi: 10.1126/science.1199459.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK. sxg@noc.soton.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21474738" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Atmosphere ; *Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcium Carbonate/analysis/*chemistry ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Ecosystem ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen ; *Plankton/cytology/physiology ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    The geological record of ocean acidification (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-03
    Description: Ocean acidification may have severe consequences for marine ecosystems; however, assessing its future impact is difficult because laboratory experiments and field observations are limited by their reduced ecologic complexity and sample period, respectively. In contrast, the geological record contains long-term evidence for a variety of global environmental perturbations, including ocean acidification plus their associated biotic responses. We review events exhibiting evidence for elevated atmospheric CO(2), global warming, and ocean acidification over the past ~300 million years of Earth's history, some with contemporaneous extinction or evolutionary turnover among marine calcifiers. Although similarities exist, no past event perfectly parallels future projections in terms of disrupting the balance of ocean carbonate chemistry-a consequence of the unprecedented rapidity of CO(2) release currently taking place.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Honisch, Barbel -- Ridgwell, Andy -- Schmidt, Daniela N -- Thomas, Ellen -- Gibbs, Samantha J -- Sluijs, Appy -- Zeebe, Richard -- Kump, Lee -- Martindale, Rowan C -- Greene, Sarah E -- Kiessling, Wolfgang -- Ries, Justin -- Zachos, James C -- Royer, Dana L -- Barker, Stephen -- Marchitto, Thomas M Jr -- Moyer, Ryan -- Pelejero, Carles -- Ziveri, Patrizia -- Foster, Gavin L -- Williams, Branwen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 2;335(6072):1058-63. doi: 10.1126/science.1208277.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA. hoenisch@ldeo.columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22383840" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms ; Atmosphere ; Carbon Dioxide ; Carbonates/analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Forecasting ; Fossils ; *Geological Phenomena ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oceans and Seas ; Seawater/*chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    CD8+ T cell cross-priming via transfer of proteasome substrates (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-05-29
    Description: "Cross-priming" describes the activation of naive CD8+ T cells by professional antigen-presenting cells that have acquired viral or tumor antigens from "donor" cells. Antigen transfer is believed to be mediated by donor cell-derived molecular chaperones bearing short peptide ligands generated by proteasome degradation of protein antigens. We show here that cross-priming is based on the transfer of proteasome substrates rather than peptides. These findings are potentially important for the rational design of vaccines that elicit CD8+ T cell responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Norbury, Christopher C -- Basta, Sameh -- Donohue, Keri B -- Tscharke, David C -- Princiotta, Michael F -- Berglund, Peter -- Gibbs, James -- Bennink, Jack R -- Yewdell, Jonathan W -- AI-056094-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 28;304(5675):1318-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, 20892-0440, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15166379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcysteine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Animals ; *Antigen Presentation ; Antigens/*immunology/metabolism ; Antigens, Viral/immunology/metabolism ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Cell Line ; *Cross-Priming ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/*metabolism ; Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Humans ; Immunization ; Influenza A virus/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Chaperones/metabolism ; Multienzyme Complexes/*metabolism ; Ovalbumin/immunology/metabolism ; Peptide Fragments/immunology ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology/metabolism ; Vaccines/immunology ; Vaccinia virus/genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Homeostatic response to hypoxia is regulated by the N-end rule pathway in plants (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-25
    Description: Plants and animals are obligate aerobes, requiring oxygen for mitochondrial respiration and energy production. In plants, an unanticipated decline in oxygen availability (hypoxia), as caused by roots becoming waterlogged or foliage submergence, triggers changes in gene transcription and messenger RNA translation that promote anaerobic metabolism and thus sustain substrate-level ATP production. In contrast to animals, oxygen sensing has not been ascribed to a mechanism of gene regulation in response to oxygen deprivation in plants. Here we show that the N-end rule pathway of targeted proteolysis acts as a homeostatic sensor of severe low oxygen levels in Arabidopsis, through its regulation of key hypoxia-response transcription factors. We found that plants lacking components of the N-end rule pathway constitutively express core hypoxia-response genes and are more tolerant of hypoxic stress. We identify the hypoxia-associated ethylene response factor group VII transcription factors of Arabidopsis as substrates of this pathway. Regulation of these proteins by the N-end rule pathway occurs through a characteristic conserved motif at the amino terminus initiating with Met-Cys. Enhanced stability of one of these proteins, HRE2, under low oxygen conditions improves hypoxia survival and reveals a molecular mechanism for oxygen sensing in plants via the evolutionarily conserved N-end rule pathway. SUB1A-1, a major determinant of submergence tolerance in rice, was shown not to be a substrate for the N-end rule pathway despite containing the N-terminal motif, indicating that it is uncoupled from N-end rule pathway regulation, and that enhanced stability may relate to the superior tolerance of Sub1 rice varieties to multiple abiotic stresses.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3223408/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3223408/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbs, Daniel J -- Lee, Seung Cho -- Isa, Nurulhikma Md -- Gramuglia, Silvia -- Fukao, Takeshi -- Bassel, George W -- Correia, Cristina Sousa -- Corbineau, Francoise -- Theodoulou, Frederica L -- Bailey-Serres, Julia -- Holdsworth, Michael J -- BB/G010595/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBS/E/C/00004948/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 23;479(7373):415-8. doi: 10.1038/nature10534.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences and Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22020279" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acclimatization ; Anaerobiosis/drug effects/genetics ; Arabidopsis/drug effects/genetics/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism ; *Cell Hypoxia/drug effects/genetics ; Ethylenes/pharmacology ; Floods ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects ; *Homeostasis/drug effects ; Immersion ; Oryza/drug effects/metabolism ; Oxygen/metabolism/pharmacology ; Proteolysis/drug effects ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Plant/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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