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  • 1
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    Early-warning signals for critical transitions (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-04
    Description: Complex dynamical systems, ranging from ecosystems to financial markets and the climate, can have tipping points at which a sudden shift to a contrasting dynamical regime may occur. Although predicting such critical points before they are reached is extremely difficult, work in different scientific fields is now suggesting the existence of generic early-warning signals that may indicate for a wide class of systems if a critical threshold is approaching.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scheffer, Marten -- Bascompte, Jordi -- Brock, William A -- Brovkin, Victor -- Carpenter, Stephen R -- Dakos, Vasilis -- Held, Hermann -- van Nes, Egbert H -- Rietkerk, Max -- Sugihara, George -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 3;461(7260):53-9. doi: 10.1038/nature08227.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands. marten.scheffer@wur.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19727193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Asthma/physiopathology ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Eutrophication ; Extinction, Biological ; Humans ; *Models, Biological ; *Models, Economic ; Seizures/physiopathology ; Stochastic Processes
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    The architecture of mutualistic networks minimizes competition and increases biodiversity (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-28
    Description: The main theories of biodiversity either neglect species interactions or assume that species interact randomly with each other. However, recent empirical work has revealed that ecological networks are highly structured, and the lack of a theory that takes into account the structure of interactions precludes further assessment of the implications of such network patterns for biodiversity. Here we use a combination of analytical and empirical approaches to quantify the influence of network architecture on the number of coexisting species. As a case study we consider mutualistic networks between plants and their animal pollinators or seed dispersers. These networks have been found to be highly nested, with the more specialist species interacting only with proper subsets of the species that interact with the more generalist. We show that nestedness reduces effective interspecific competition and enhances the number of coexisting species. Furthermore, we show that a nested network will naturally emerge if new species are more likely to enter the community where they have minimal competitive load. Nested networks seem to occur in many biological and social contexts, suggesting that our results are relevant in a wide range of fields.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bastolla, Ugo -- Fortuna, Miguel A -- Pascual-Garcia, Alberto -- Ferrera, Antonio -- Luque, Bartolo -- Bascompte, Jordi -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 23;458(7241):1018-20. doi: 10.1038/nature07950.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centro de Biologia Molecular, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid - CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19396144" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Competitive Behavior/physiology ; *Models, Biological ; Plants/*metabolism ; *Pollination ; Seeds/*metabolism ; *Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Disentangling the web of life (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-25
    Description: Biodiversity research typically focuses on species richness and has often neglected interactions, either by assuming that such interactions are homogeneously distributed or by addressing only the interactions between a pair of species or a few species at a time. In contrast, a network approach provides a powerful representation of the ecological interactions among species and highlights their global interdependence. Understanding how the responses of pairwise interactions scale to entire assemblages remains one of the great challenges that must be met as society faces global ecosystem change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bascompte, Jordi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 24;325(5939):416-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1170749.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Integrative Ecology Group, Estacion Biologica de Donana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Calle Americo Vespucio s/n, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain. bascompte@ebd.csic.es〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19628856" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; *Ecology/methods ; Food Chain ; Phylogeny ; Plants
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Ecology. Structure and dynamics of ecological networks (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-08-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bascompte, Jordi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 13;329(5993):765-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1194255.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Integrative Ecology Group, Estacion Biologica de Donana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Americo Vespucio s/n, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain. bascompte@ebd.csic.es〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20705836" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Insects/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Pollination ; *Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Anticipating critical transitions (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-23
    Description: Tipping points in complex systems may imply risks of unwanted collapse, but also opportunities for positive change. Our capacity to navigate such risks and opportunities can be boosted by combining emerging insights from two unconnected fields of research. One line of work is revealing fundamental architectural features that may cause ecological networks, financial markets, and other complex systems to have tipping points. Another field of research is uncovering generic empirical indicators of the proximity to such critical thresholds. Although sudden shifts in complex systems will inevitably continue to surprise us, work at the crossroads of these emerging fields offers new approaches for anticipating critical transitions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scheffer, Marten -- Carpenter, Stephen R -- Lenton, Timothy M -- Bascompte, Jordi -- Brock, William -- Dakos, Vasilis -- van de Koppel, Johan -- van de Leemput, Ingrid A -- Levin, Simon A -- van Nes, Egbert H -- Pascual, Mercedes -- Vandermeer, John -- 268732/European Research Council/International -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Oct 19;338(6105):344-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1225244.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Post Office Box 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. marten.scheffer@wur.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23087241" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Forecasting ; Humans ; Risk Assessment/*statistics & numerical data
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Ecological networks. On the structural stability of mutualistic systems (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-26
    Description: In theoretical ecology, traditional studies based on dynamical stability and numerical simulations have not found a unified answer to the effect of network architecture on community persistence. Here, we introduce a mathematical framework based on the concept of structural stability to explain such a disparity of results. We investigated the range of conditions necessary for the stable coexistence of all species in mutualistic systems. We show that the apparently contradictory conclusions reached by previous studies arise as a consequence of overseeing either the necessary conditions for persistence or its dependence on model parameterization. We show that observed network architectures maximize the range of conditions for species coexistence. We discuss the applicability of structural stability to study other types of interspecific interactions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rohr, Rudolf P -- Saavedra, Serguei -- Bascompte, Jordi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 25;345(6195):1253497. doi: 10.1126/science.1253497.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Integrative Ecology Group, Estacion Biologica de Donana-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (EBD-CSIC), Calle Americo Vespucio s/n, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain. Unit of Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musee 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. ; Integrative Ecology Group, Estacion Biologica de Donana-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (EBD-CSIC), Calle Americo Vespucio s/n, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain. ; Integrative Ecology Group, Estacion Biologica de Donana-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (EBD-CSIC), Calle Americo Vespucio s/n, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain. bascompte@ebd.csic.es.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25061214" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Computer Simulation ; *Ecosystem ; *Models, Biological ; Plants ; *Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Approaching a state shift in Earth's biosphere (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-06-09
    Description: Localized ecological systems are known to shift abruptly and irreversibly from one state to another when they are forced across critical thresholds. Here we review evidence that the global ecosystem as a whole can react in the same way and is approaching a planetary-scale critical transition as a result of human influence. The plausibility of a planetary-scale 'tipping point' highlights the need to improve biological forecasting by detecting early warning signs of critical transitions on global as well as local scales, and by detecting feedbacks that promote such transitions. It is also necessary to address root causes of how humans are forcing biological changes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barnosky, Anthony D -- Hadly, Elizabeth A -- Bascompte, Jordi -- Berlow, Eric L -- Brown, James H -- Fortelius, Mikael -- Getz, Wayne M -- Harte, John -- Hastings, Alan -- Marquet, Pablo A -- Martinez, Neo D -- Mooers, Arne -- Roopnarine, Peter -- Vermeij, Geerat -- Williams, John W -- Gillespie, Rosemary -- Kitzes, Justin -- Marshall, Charles -- Matzke, Nicholas -- Mindell, David P -- Revilla, Eloy -- Smith, Adam B -- R01 GM069801/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jun 6;486(7401):52-8. doi: 10.1038/nature11018.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. barnosky@berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22678279" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Climate Change/*statistics & numerical data ; *Earth (Planet) ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring ; Forecasting ; Human Activities ; Humans ; *Models, Theoretical
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 8
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    Strong contributors to network persistence are the most vulnerable to extinction (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2011-09-16
    Description: The architecture of mutualistic networks facilitates coexistence of individual participants by minimizing competition relative to facilitation. However, it is not known whether this benefit is received by each participant node in proportion to its overall contribution to network persistence. This issue is critical to understanding the trade-offs faced by individual nodes in a network. We address this question by applying a suite of structural and dynamic methods to an ensemble of flowering plant/insect pollinator networks. Here we report two main results. First, nodes contribute heterogeneously to the overall nested architecture of the network. From simulations, we confirm that the removal of a strong contributor tends to decrease overall network persistence more than the removal of a weak contributor. Second, strong contributors to collective persistence do not gain individual survival benefits but are in fact the nodes most vulnerable to extinction. We explore the generality of these results to other cooperative networks by analysing a 15-year time series of the interactions between designer and contractor firms in the New York City garment industry. As with the ecological networks, a firm's survival probability decreases as its individual nestedness contribution increases. Our results, therefore, introduce a new paradox into the study of the persistence of cooperative networks, and potentially address questions about the impact of invasive species in ecological systems and new competitors in economic systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saavedra, Serguei -- Stouffer, Daniel B -- Uzzi, Brian -- Bascompte, Jordi -- UL1RR025741/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Sep 14;478(7368):233-5. doi: 10.1038/nature10433.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21918515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomimetics ; Competitive Behavior ; *Cooperative Behavior ; *Ecological and Environmental Phenomena ; Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; Flowers/classification/*physiology ; Insects/physiology ; Introduced Species ; *Models, Biological ; New York City ; Pollination/*physiology ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Survival Analysis ; Textile Industry/economics/*statistics & numerical data ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    Asymmetric coevolutionary networks facilitate biodiversity maintenance (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-22
    Description: The mutualistic interactions between plants and their pollinators or seed dispersers have played a major role in the maintenance of Earth's biodiversity. To investigate how coevolutionary interactions are shaped within species-rich communities, we characterized the architecture of an array of quantitative, mutualistic networks spanning a broad geographic range. These coevolutionary networks are highly asymmetric, so that if a plant species depends strongly on an animal species, the animal depends weakly on the plant. By using a simple dynamical model, we showed that asymmetries inherent in coevolutionary networks may enhance long-term coexistence and facilitate biodiversity maintenance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bascompte, Jordi -- Jordano, Pedro -- Olesen, Jens M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 21;312(5772):431-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Integrative Ecology Group, Estacion Biologica de Donana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Apartado 1056, E-41080 Sevilla, Spain. bascompte@ebd.csic.es〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16627742" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Pollen ; *Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Evolutionary conservation of species' roles in food webs (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-24
    Description: Studies of ecological networks (the web of interactions between species in a community) demonstrate an intricate link between a community's structure and its long-term viability. It remains unclear, however, how much a community's persistence depends on the identities of the species present, or how much the role played by each species varies as a function of the community in which it is found. We measured species' roles by studying how species are embedded within the overall network and the subsequent dynamic implications. Using data from 32 empirical food webs, we find that species' roles and dynamic importance are inherent species attributes and can be extrapolated across communities on the basis of taxonomic classification alone. Our results illustrate the variability of roles across species and communities and the relative importance of distinct species groups when attempting to conserve ecological communities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stouffer, Daniel B -- Sales-Pardo, Marta -- Sirer, M Irmak -- Bascompte, Jordi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 23;335(6075):1489-92. doi: 10.1126/science.1216556.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Integrative Ecology Group, Estacion Biologica de Donana (EBD-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22442483" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Biota ; *Ecosystem ; *Food Chain ; Phylogeny
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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