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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deep-water fishes: evolution and adaptation in the earth's largest living spaces (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 49 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Deep-water habitats form by far the largest ecosystems on the planet. Enough is known about the lives of deep-water fishes, despite the difficulties inherent in such study, to give a fairly coherent picture of their overall ecology. Inferences based on individual morphology and taxonomic diversity provided the first clues, but series from the various large national deep-water expeditions have allowed the working out of detailed life histories, food webs, species associations and biogeography. The particular conditions that characterize deep water everywhere have shaped the nature of deep-water fishes, and probably the most important factor at play has been the logarithmic decline of food energy available with increasing depth. Comparative study of deep-pelagic, deep-demersal, and deep-lake fishes reveals interesting and intriguing differences with respect to the adaptations and probable history of the faunas in each of these habitats. Deep-water fishes have long been insulated from any significant human impacts, but deep-water fisheries, species introductions, pollution and other ecosystem tamperings are changing this situation rapidly. Can these remarkable, enduring and well-adapted species and assemblages withstand the developing onslaught?
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1996.tb06066.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Food habits and intestinal parasites of deep demersal fishes from the upper continental slope east of Newfoundland, northwest Atlantic Ocean (1986)
    Springer
    Marine biology 92 (1986), S. 563-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Stomach contents and intestinal parasite faunas of 471 individuals of demersal fishes in 14 species were examined from the Carson Canyon region (Lat. 45°30′N; Long. 48°40′W) of the upper continental slope of the Grand Banks off Newfoundland, Canada. Individual species tended to feed either on benthic or on pelagic/benthopelagic organisms, but pelagic prey assumed the greatest importance overall. Data from stomach contents were supported by the parasite information. Prevalence of parasites was higher in benthic feeders (53.1%) than in pelagic feeders (28.9%), and relative abundance by major group was: Digenetic Trematoda 5.8% benthic vs 27.8% pelagic, Nematoda 53.1% vs 72.2%, and Acanthocephala 40.9% vs 0%. Of the dominant fishes, there were more species of benthic feeders (5) than pelagic feeders (3), but pelagic feeders were numerically more abundant (pelagic 70.9%, benthic 20.5%). Benthic feeders were on average larger (=270.6g) than pelagic ones (=130.6g), but pelagic feeders represented a larger proportion of the biomass (pelagic 43.3%, benthic 25.9%). The results of this study combined with those from other areas suggest that feeding from the pelagial by demersal fishes at upper continental slope depths is probably the general rule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392516
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mesopelagic fishes and thermal fronts in the western Sargasso Sea (1969)
    Springer
    Marine biology 3 (1969), S. 87-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Analysis of 25 midwater trawl collections, disposed along the meridian 70°20′W from off Hispaniola to the Gulf Stream, showed a change in the mesopelagic fish fauna at about 27°N. The point of faunal change corresponded to a change in the temperature structure of the upper part of the water column, i.e., at a (the?) so-called “thermal front”, perhaps identical to the so-called “North Atlantic subtropical convergence”. Of 44 species occurring in four or more collections, 13 species were collected only to the north of the front and 1 species only to the south. By most criteria, north-of-the-front collections were larger than southern ones. This is in accord with the north-south difference in primary production noted by other workers which, in turn, seems atributable to the north-south difference in temperature structure. To the north the upper part of the water column is well stratified in summer only, while to the south it is well stratified at all seasons. Taken altogether, what is now known suggests that the thermal front logically divides the upper Sargasso Sea into northern and southern portions that differ in many ways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00353427
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The megabenthic fauna in the deep sea south of New England, USA (1980)
    Springer
    Marine biology 57 (1980), S. 165-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Data from 105 benthic trawls made in an area south of New England, USA between 40 and 5000 m show the fauna to be zoned with depth, areas of rapid faunal change separating regions of relative faunal homogeneity. Distinct faunal assemblages with characteristic catch rates, diversity, and dominant species are found on the shelf (40 to 264 m), upper continental slope (283 to 650 m), middle continental slope (653 to 1290 m), lower continental slope (1380 to 1947 m), the transitional region from slope to rise (2116 to 2481 m), the upper continental (2504 to 3113 m), the middle continental rise (3244 to 3470 m), and lower continental rise to abyssal plain (3879 to 4986 m). Catch rates and diversity are greatest on the lower continental slope and transition to the upper rise, and are lowest at the greatest depths. Dominance, particularly by echinoderms, is an important aspect of community structure. The 3 major taxa represented (decapod crustaccean, echinoderms, and fishes) do not always display the same patterns within and between assemblages. Generalities derived from study of a single group need not apply to all segments of the deep-ocean community. Overall patterns in the megafauna are similar to those described in other groups and areas, but species assemblages are not the same everywhere and perhaps too much has been made of the horizontal extent of zones. Trophic level is related to degree of zonation, but where predators are generalists their ranges may be wide rather than restricted. Diversity patterns can be understood in terms of the interrelationships of predation, competition, environmental heterogeneity, and trophic level. Faunal zones are of importance as the geographical units within which evolution, community development, and diversification take place.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390735
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parasitism and ecological relationships among deep-sea benthic fishes (1980)
    Springer
    Marine biology 57 (1980), S. 301-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have studied the metazoan parasite fauna of 52 species of deep-living benthic fishes from depths of 53 to 5000m off the New York Bight (39–49°N; 70–72°W). 17144 parasites were recovered from 1712 fishes. The infestation rate was 80%, with an average of 12.5 worms per host. Percentage occurrence by group among all fishes was Monogenea 12.9%, Digenea 48%, Cestoda 22.1%, Nematoda 54.5%, Acanthocephala 3.8%, and Copepoda 4.5%. Differing composition of the parasite fauna in different fish species reflects differences in diet. Specialized feeders are rather distinct; generalized feeders, which predominate, show overlaps in parasite fauna. In individual species, changes in diet with growth are reflected in changes in the parasite fauna. Infestation rate is directly related to abundance of the free-living fauna; hence, fish from within the submarine canyon are more heavily infested than those living without. Although it contains fewer families and genera than shallow faunas, the deep-sea parasite fauna is not extremely unusual in terms of its abundance, diversity, or host specificity. At the greatest depths, parasite abundance and diversity dramatically decline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387573
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    What does marine biological research cost? A case history of 25 years at a university research station (1995)
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 49 (1995), S. 423-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A study of research funding at Memorial University's Marine Sciences Research Laboratory shows that true costs far exceed support from grants and contracts alone. Research grant levels have to be matched by a similar level of support for infrastructure, and other university-supplied support (mostly salaries) may amount to twice that supplied by grants. Faced with declining external support for general infrastructure, universities can ill afford to become involved in scientific mega-projects. There is little evidence that increased funding enhances productivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02368368
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular structure and composition of fish otoliths (1969)
    Springer
    Marine biology 2 (1969), S. 105-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Recent and fossil otoliths from 25 different fishes have been studied for their amino acid content and for their C13/C12 and O18/O16 distribution in the carbonate fraction. The selection includes specimens from a wide phylogenetic range as well as from various freshwater and marine habitats. All otoliths are composed of aragonite, and their total organic matter ranges from 0.2 to 10%. The organic matter is a protein (MW〉150,000), which is characterized by a high abundance of acidic amino acids. In comparison to molluscs that exhibit a wide variety of different mineralized tissues which are species specific, the proteinaceous matter of all otoliths is chemically rather uniform. The high abundance of oxygen-rich amino acids accounts for the ease of mineralization of the organic template. Namely, oxygen supplied by carboxyl grops is used for the coordination of Ca++ ions, resulting in the formation of metal ion coordination polyhedra. Carbonate groups linked via hydrogen bridges to the template will exchange their oxygen with that of the metal polyhedra to stabilize the structure; Ca++O9 polyhedra are the consequence. Subsequent nucleation and crystal growth will lead to aragonite. Oxygen and carbon isotope data indicate that the aragonite is formed close to isotopic equilibrium with the sea. This is surprising, because seawater has no direct access to the inner ear where the otolith orginates. Isotope data may serve a threefold purpose: (1) to determine the mean water temperature where the fish lived, (2) to distinguish between fresh water and marine fish in ancient deposits, and (3) to reveal information on migrtory tendencies of fish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00347005
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abundance and biomass of macrobenthos in the vicinity of Carson Submarine Canyon, northwest Atlantic Ocean (1984)
    Springer
    Marine biology 82 (1984), S. 301-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The abundance, biomass and mean weight of macrofauna in the Carson Canyon region (Lat. 45°30′N, Long. 48°40′W) of the Grand Banks were estimated from 40 quantitative infaunal samples taken at 15 stations in June 1980. In contrast to other areas, there were no significant differences in these values between samples taken in and outside of the canyon. Abundance ( $$\bar x$$ = 716 individuals m-2), biomass ( $$\bar x$$ = 10.9 gm-2), and mean weight ( $$\bar x$$ = 0.03 g individual-1) displayed no consistent relationship with depth, but stations grouped according to sediment type had differing dominant taxa. Biomass and abundance at the edge of the Grand Banks are unexpectedly low. Larger animals, including fishes, that forage there must depend more on pelagic than on benthic food sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392410
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  • 9
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    Abstracts (1977)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1977-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0364-152X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1009
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Primary production estimates on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, north-west Atlantic Ocean, derived from remotely-sensed chlorophyll (1993)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0143-1161
    Electronic ISSN: 1366-5901
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Taylor & Francis
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