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  • 1
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    Multi-rate optimal controller design for electromagnetic suspension systems via linear matrix inequality optimization (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-04
    Description: This paper develops a discrete optimal control based on the multi-rate observer method for electromagnetic suspension systems in order to levitate the vehicle, maintaining the desired gap. The proposed multi-rate compensator consists of two parts which are the discrete Kalman filter and the optimal control law. The Kalman filter estimates all states with fast sampling rate time, using a slowly measured output from the gap sensor. The optimal control law is determined by linear matrix inequality optimization for the discrete time multiple input system obtained by the lifting operator. The proposed multi-rate controller has the advantages to guarantee the stability of the slow-rate optimal control and maintain the performance of fast-rate control. The simulation and experiment show the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 2
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    In situ XRD of gas sorption in nonporous solid [Chemistry] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-18
    Description: Crystallographic observation of adsorbed gas molecules is a highly difficult task due to their rapid motion. Here, we report the in situ single-crystal and synchrotron powder X-ray observations of reversible CO2 sorption processes in an apparently nonporous organic crystal under varying pressures at high temperatures. The host material is formed...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    Role of T-bet in commitment of TH1 cells before IL-12-dependent selection (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-09
    Description: How cytokines control differentiation of helper T (TH) cells is controversial. We show that T-bet, without apparent assistance from interleukin 12 (IL-12)/STAT4, specifies TH1 effector fate by targeting chromatin remodeling to individual interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) alleles and by inducing IL-12 receptor beta2 expression. Subsequently, it appears that IL-12/STAT4 serves two essential functions in the development of TH1 cells: as growth signal, inducing survival and cell division; and as trans-activator, prolonging IFN-gamma synthesis through a genetic interaction with the coactivator, CREB-binding protein. These results suggest that a cytokine does not simply induce TH fate choice but instead may act as an essential secondary stimulus that mediates selective survival of a lineage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mullen, A C -- High, F A -- Hutchins, A S -- Lee, H W -- Villarino, A V -- Livingston, D M -- Kung, A L -- Cereb, N -- Yao, T P -- Yang, S Y -- Reiner, S L -- AI-42370/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- EY-07131/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 8;292(5523):1907-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11397944" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; CREB-Binding Protein ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Lineage ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Histones/metabolism ; Interferon-gamma/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Interleukin-12/*metabolism ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin/metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-12 ; STAT4 Transcription Factor ; Signal Transduction ; T-Box Domain Proteins ; Th1 Cells/cytology/*immunology/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Interdimensional universality of dynamic interfaces (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-04-11
    Description: Despite the complexity and diversity of nature, there exists universality in the form of critical scaling laws among various dissimilar systems and processes such as stock markets, earthquakes, crackling noise, lung inflation and vortices in superconductors. This universality is mainly independent of the microscopic details, depending only on the symmetry and dimension of the system. Exploring how universality is affected by the system dimensions is an important unresolved problem. Here we demonstrate experimentally that universality persists even at a dimensionality crossover in ferromagnetic nanowires. As the wire width decreases, the magnetic domain wall dynamics changes from elastic creep in two dimensions to a particle-like stochastic behaviour in one dimension. Applying finite-size scaling, we find that all our experimental data in one and two dimensions (including the crossover regime) collapse onto a single curve, signalling universality at the criticality transition. The crossover to the one-dimensional regime occurs at a few hundred nanometres, corresponding to the integration scale for modern nanodevices.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Kab-Jin -- Lee, Jae-Chul -- Ahn, Sung-Min -- Lee, Kang-Soo -- Lee, Chang-Won -- Cho, Young Jin -- Seo, Sunae -- Shin, Kyung-Ho -- Choe, Sug-Bong -- Lee, Hyun-Woo -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 9;458(7239):740-2. doi: 10.1038/nature07874.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Subwavelength Optics and School of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19360082" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Excitation of orbital angular momentum resonances in helically twisted photonic crystal fiber (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-28
    Description: Spiral twisting offers additional opportunities for controlling the loss, dispersion, and polarization state of light in optical fibers with noncircular guiding cores. Here, we report an effect that appears in continuously twisted photonic crystal fiber. Guided by the helical lattice of hollow channels, cladding light is forced to follow a spiral path. This diverts a fraction of the axial momentum flow into the azimuthal direction, leading to the formation of discrete orbital angular momentum states at wavelengths that scale linearly with the twist rate. Core-guided light phase-matches topologically to these leaky states, causing a series of dips in the transmitted spectrum. Twisted photonic crystal fiber has potential applications in, for example, band-rejection filters and dispersion control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wong, G K L -- Kang, M S -- Lee, H W -- Biancalana, F -- Conti, C -- Weiss, T -- Russell, P St J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 27;337(6093):446-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1223824.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Guenther-Scharowsky Strasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany. gordon.wong@mpl.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22837523" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Magnetic-field-controlled reconfigurable semiconductor logic (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-01
    Description: Logic devices based on magnetism show promise for increasing computational efficiency while decreasing consumed power. They offer zero quiescent power and yet combine novel functions such as programmable logic operation and non-volatile built-in memory. However, practical efforts to adapt a magnetic device to logic suffer from a low signal-to-noise ratio and other performance attributes that are not adequate for logic gates. Rather than exploiting magnetoresistive effects that result from spin-dependent transport of carriers, we have approached the development of a magnetic logic device in a different way: we use the phenomenon of large magnetoresistance found in non-magnetic semiconductors in high electric fields. Here we report a device showing a strong diode characteristic that is highly sensitive to both the sign and the magnitude of an external magnetic field, offering a reversible change between two different characteristic states by the application of a magnetic field. This feature results from magnetic control of carrier generation and recombination in an InSb p-n bilayer channel. Simple circuits combining such elementary devices are fabricated and tested, and Boolean logic functions including AND, OR, NAND and NOR are performed. They are programmed dynamically by external electric or magnetic signals, demonstrating magnetic-field-controlled semiconductor reconfigurable logic at room temperature. This magnetic technology permits a new kind of spintronic device, characterized as a current switch rather than a voltage switch, and provides a simple and compact platform for non-volatile reconfigurable logic devices.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Joo, Sungjung -- Kim, Taeyueb -- Shin, Sang Hoon -- Lim, Ju Young -- Hong, Jinki -- Song, Jin Dong -- Chang, Joonyeon -- Lee, Hyun-Woo -- Rhie, Kungwon -- Han, Suk Hee -- Shin, Kyung-Ho -- Johnson, Mark -- England -- Nature. 2013 Feb 7;494(7435):72-6. doi: 10.1038/nature11817. Epub 2013 Jan 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Spin Convergence Research Center, KIST, Seoul 130-650, South Korea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23364687" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 7
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    Differential antigen processing by dendritic cell subsets in vivo (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-06
    Description: Dendritic cells (DCs) process and present self and foreign antigens to induce tolerance or immunity. In vitro models suggest that induction of immunity is controlled by regulating the presentation of antigen, but little is known about how DCs control antigen presentation in vivo. To examine antigen processing and presentation in vivo, we specifically targeted antigens to two major subsets of DCs by using chimeric monoclonal antibodies. Unlike CD8+ DCs that express the cell surface protein CD205, CD8- DCs, which are positive for the 33D1 antigen, are specialized for presentation on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II. This difference in antigen processing is intrinsic to the DC subsets and is associated with increased expression of proteins involved in MHC processing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dudziak, Diana -- Kamphorst, Alice O -- Heidkamp, Gordon F -- Buchholz, Veit R -- Trumpfheller, Christine -- Yamazaki, Sayuri -- Cheong, Cheolho -- Liu, Kang -- Lee, Han-Woong -- Park, Chae Gyu -- Steinman, Ralph M -- Nussenzweig, Michel C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 5;315(5808):107-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17204652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; *Antigen Presentation ; Antigens, CD/analysis/immunology ; Antigens, CD8/analysis/immunology ; Base Sequence ; Dendritic Cells/*immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology ; Lectins, C-Type/analysis/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Receptors, Cell Surface/analysis/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Dynamic Ca2+-dependent stimulation of vesicle fusion by membrane-anchored synaptotagmin 1 (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-05-08
    Description: In neurons, synaptotagmin 1 (Syt1) is thought to mediate the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane when presynaptic Ca2+ levels rise. However, in vitro reconstitution experiments have failed to recapitulate key characteristics of Ca2+-triggered membrane fusion. Using an in vitro single-vesicle fusion assay, we found that membrane-anchored Syt1 enhanced Ca2+ sensitivity and fusion speed. This stimulatory activity of membrane-anchored Syt1 dropped as the Ca2+ level rose beyond physiological levels. Thus, Syt1 requires the membrane anchor to stimulate vesicle fusion at physiological Ca2+ levels and may function as a dynamic presynaptic Ca2+ sensor to control the probability of neurotransmitter release.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2994549/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2994549/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Han-Ki -- Yang, Yoosoo -- Su, Zengliu -- Hyeon, Changbong -- Lee, Tae-Sun -- Lee, Hong-Won -- Kweon, Dae-Hyuk -- Shin, Yeon-Kyun -- Yoon, Tae-Young -- R01 GM051290/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM051290-16/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 7;328(5979):760-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1187722.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20448186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Magnesium/metabolism ; *Membrane Fusion ; Membrane Lipids/metabolism ; Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate/metabolism ; Rats ; SNARE Proteins/metabolism ; Synaptic Vesicles/*physiology ; Synaptotagmin I/chemistry/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Porphyrin-sensitized solar cells with cobalt (II/III)-based redox electrolyte exceed 12 percent efficiency (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-05
    Description: The iodide/triiodide redox shuttle has limited the efficiencies accessible in dye-sensitized solar cells. Here, we report mesoscopic solar cells that incorporate a Co((II/III))tris(bipyridyl)-based redox electrolyte in conjunction with a custom synthesized donor-pi-bridge-acceptor zinc porphyrin dye as sensitizer (designated YD2-o-C8). The specific molecular design of YD2-o-C8 greatly retards the rate of interfacial back electron transfer from the conduction band of the nanocrystalline titanium dioxide film to the oxidized cobalt mediator, which enables attainment of strikingly high photovoltages approaching 1 volt. Because the YD2-o-C8 porphyrin harvests sunlight across the visible spectrum, large photocurrents are generated. Cosensitization of YD2-o-C8 with another organic dye further enhances the performance of the device, leading to a measured power conversion efficiency of 12.3% under simulated air mass 1.5 global sunlight.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yella, Aswani -- Lee, Hsuan-Wei -- Tsao, Hoi Nok -- Yi, Chenyi -- Chandiran, Aravind Kumar -- Nazeeruddin, Md Khaja -- Diau, Eric Wei-Guang -- Yeh, Chen-Yu -- Zakeeruddin, Shaik M -- Gratzel, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 4;334(6056):629-34. doi: 10.1126/science.1209688.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne-1015, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22053043" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Retrogression of eclogite-facies shear zones by short-lived fluid infiltration during the Caledonian orogeny, Lofoten islands, Norway (2013)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-26
    Description: Norwegian eclogite-facies shear zones in the Lofoten islands served as major pathways for short-lived pulses of both 40 Ar-rich and 40 Ar-poor hot fluids during eclogitization and retrogression events related to the Caledonian orogeny. The open system for Ar affected most of the minerals leading to old 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages, particularly in trioctahedral micas. 40 Ar concentration in the fluids appears to decrease during the amphibolite-facies retrogression and Ca-rich amphiboles yield 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages of c. 415 Ma (Scandian event). Late- and post-Caledonian 40 Ar/ 39 Ar muscovite and K-feldspar ages and Rb/Sr biotite ages coincide with multiple extensional events, fluid infiltration and thermal activity during the final exhumation of the crustal rocks, potentially reflecting major tectonic episodes such as rifting of Pangaea and seafloor spreading between Europe and North America. Supplementary material: Sample coordinates from all the rocks, analytical methods, complete 40 Ar/ 39 Ar step-heating descriptions and electron microprobe results are available at http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18687
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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