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  • 1
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    Gut microbiomes of Malawian twin pairs discordant for kwashiorkor (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-01
    Description: Kwashiorkor, an enigmatic form of severe acute malnutrition, is the consequence of inadequate nutrient intake plus additional environmental insults. To investigate the role of the gut microbiome, we studied 317 Malawian twin pairs during the first 3 years of life. During this time, half of the twin pairs remained well nourished, whereas 43% became discordant, and 7% manifested concordance for acute malnutrition. Both children in twin pairs discordant for kwashiorkor were treated with a peanut-based, ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF). Time-series metagenomic studies revealed that RUTF produced a transient maturation of metabolic functions in kwashiorkor gut microbiomes that regressed when administration of RUTF was stopped. Previously frozen fecal communities from several discordant pairs were each transplanted into gnotobiotic mice. The combination of Malawian diet and kwashiorkor microbiome produced marked weight loss in recipient mice, accompanied by perturbations in amino acid, carbohydrate, and intermediary metabolism that were only transiently ameliorated with RUTF. These findings implicate the gut microbiome as a causal factor in kwashiorkor.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3667500/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3667500/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Michelle I -- Yatsunenko, Tanya -- Manary, Mark J -- Trehan, Indi -- Mkakosya, Rajhab -- Cheng, Jiye -- Kau, Andrew L -- Rich, Stephen S -- Concannon, Patrick -- Mychaleckyj, Josyf C -- Liu, Jie -- Houpt, Eric -- Li, Jia V -- Holmes, Elaine -- Nicholson, Jeremy -- Knights, Dan -- Ursell, Luke K -- Knight, Rob -- Gordon, Jeffrey I -- DK078669/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK30292/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- F32 DK091044/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK078669/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK056341/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK030292/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 HD049338/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T32-HD049338/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T35 DK074375/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 1;339(6119):548-54. doi: 10.1126/science.1229000. Epub 2013 Jan 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23363771" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/metabolism ; Animals ; Arachis ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Child, Preschool ; Diseases in Twins/*microbiology ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract/*microbiology ; Germ-Free Life ; Humans ; Infant ; Kwashiorkor/diet therapy/epidemiology/*microbiology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Malawi/epidemiology ; Male ; *Metagenome ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Gender and genetic control of resistance to intestinal amebiasis in inbred mice (2008)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-15
    Print ISSN: 1466-4879
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-5470
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 3
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    Infection risk assessment of diarrhea-related pathogens in a tropical canal network (2008)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2008-12-15
    Print ISSN: 0048-9697
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-1026
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 4
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    Spatiotemporal variation in risk of Shigella infection in childhood: a global risk mapping and prediction model using individual participant data (2023)
    In:  The Lancet Global Health
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: Background: Diarrhoeal disease is a leading cause of childhood illness and death globally, and Shigella is a major aetiological contributor for which a vaccine might soon be available. The primary objective of this study was to model the spatiotemporal variation in paediatric Shigella infection and map its predicted prevalence across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). - Methods: Individual participant data for Shigella positivity in stool samples were sourced from multiple LMIC-based studies of children aged 59 months or younger. Covariates included household-level and participant-level factors ascertained by study investigators and environmental and hydrometeorological variables extracted from various data products at georeferenced child locations. Multivariate models were fitted and prevalence predictions obtained by syndrome and age stratum. - Findings: 20 studies from 23 countries (including locations in Central America and South America, sub-Saharan Africa, and south and southeast Asia) contributed 66 563 sample results. Age, symptom status, and study design contributed most to model performance followed by temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, and soil moisture. Probability of Shigella infection exceeded 20% when both precipitation and soil moisture were above average and had a 43% peak in uncomplicated diarrhoea cases at 33°C temperatures, above which it decreased. Compared with unimproved sanitation, improved sanitation decreased the odds of Shigella infection by 19% (odds ratio [OR]=0·81 [95% CI 0·76–0·86]) and open defecation decreased them by 18% (OR=0·82 [0·76–0·88]). - Interpretation: The distribution of Shigella is more sensitive to climatological factors, such as temperature, than previously recognised. Conditions in much of sub-Saharan Africa are particularly propitious for Shigella transmission, although hotspots also occur in South America and Central America, the Ganges–Brahmaputra Delta, and the island of New Guinea. These findings can inform prioritisation of populations for future vaccine trials and campaigns.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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