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  • 1
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    Ecological forecasts: an emerging imperative (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-28
    Description: Planning and decision-making can be improved by access to reliable forecasts of ecosystem state, ecosystem services, and natural capital. Availability of new data sets, together with progress in computation and statistics, will increase our ability to forecast ecosystem change. An agenda that would lead toward a capacity to produce, evaluate, and communicate forecasts of critical ecosystem services requires a process that engages scientists and decision-makers. Interdisciplinary linkages are necessary because of the climate and societal controls on ecosystems, the feedbacks involving social change, and the decision-making relevance of forecasts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clark, J S -- Carpenter, S R -- Barber, M -- Collins, S -- Dobson, A -- Foley, J A -- Lodge, D M -- Pascual, M -- Pielke, R Jr -- Pizer, W -- Pringle, C -- Reid, W V -- Rose, K A -- Sala, O -- Schlesinger, W H -- Wall, D H -- Wear, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 27;293(5530):657-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA. jimclark@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11474103" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animals ; Decision Making ; Disease Outbreaks ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Epidemiology ; *Forecasting ; Humans ; Policy Making ; Population Growth ; Stochastic Processes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100 (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-03-10
    Description: Scenarios of changes in biodiversity for the year 2100 can now be developed based on scenarios of changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide, climate, vegetation, and land use and the known sensitivity of biodiversity to these changes. This study identified a ranking of the importance of drivers of change, a ranking of the biomes with respect to expected changes, and the major sources of uncertainties. For terrestrial ecosystems, land-use change probably will have the largest effect, followed by climate change, nitrogen deposition, biotic exchange, and elevated carbon dioxide concentration. For freshwater ecosystems, biotic exchange is much more important. Mediterranean climate and grassland ecosystems likely will experience the greatest proportional change in biodiversity because of the substantial influence of all drivers of biodiversity change. Northern temperate ecosystems are estimated to experience the least biodiversity change because major land-use change has already occurred. Plausible changes in biodiversity in other biomes depend on interactions among the causes of biodiversity change. These interactions represent one of the largest uncertainties in projections of future biodiversity change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sala, O E -- Chapin, F S 3rd -- Armesto, J J -- Berlow, E -- Bloomfield, J -- Dirzo, R -- Huber-Sanwald, E -- Huenneke, L F -- Jackson, R B -- Kinzig, A -- Leemans, R -- Lodge, D M -- Mooney, H A -- Oesterheld, M -- Poff, N L -- Sykes, M T -- Walker, B H -- Walker, M -- Wall, D H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 10;287(5459):1770-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiologicas y Ecologicas vinculadas a la Agricultura, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires, Avenida San Martin 4453, Buenos Aires 1417, Argentina. sala@ifeva.edu.ar〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10710299" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animals ; Atmosphere ; Carbon Dioxide ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Fresh Water ; Models, Biological ; Nitrogen
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Environment. Can we defy nature's end? (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pimm, S L -- Ayres, M -- Balmford, A -- Branch, G -- Brandon, K -- Brooks, T -- Bustamante, R -- Costanza, R -- Cowling, R -- Curran, L M -- Dobson, A -- Farber, S -- da Fonseca, G A -- Gascon, C -- Kitching, R -- McNeely, J -- Lovejoy, T -- Mittermeier, R A -- Myers, N -- Patz, J A -- Raffle, B -- Rapport, D -- Raven, P -- Roberts, C -- Rodriguez, J P -- Rylands, A B -- Tucker, C -- Safina, C -- Samper, C -- Stiassny, M L -- Supriatna, J -- Wall, D H -- Wilcove, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 21;293(5538):2207-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Environmental Research and Conservation, MC 5556, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA. StuartPimm@aol.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11567124" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Public Policy ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Soil biodiversity and human health (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-26
    Description: Soil biodiversity is increasingly recognized as providing benefits to human health because it can suppress disease-causing soil organisms and provide clean air, water and food. Poor land-management practices and environmental change are, however, affecting belowground communities globally, and the resulting declines in soil biodiversity reduce and impair these benefits. Importantly, current research indicates that soil biodiversity can be maintained and partially restored if managed sustainably. Promoting the ecological complexity and robustness of soil biodiversity through improved management practices represents an underutilized resource with the ability to improve human health.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wall, Diana H -- Nielsen, Uffe N -- Six, Johan -- England -- Nature. 2015 Dec 3;528(7580):69-76. doi: 10.1038/nature15744. Epub 2015 Nov 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Global Environmental Sustainability and Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1036, USA. ; Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Locked Bag 1797, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia. ; Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH-Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26595276" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animals ; Anthelmintics/pharmacology ; Anthrax/microbiology/veterinary ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Atmosphere/chemistry ; Bacillus anthracis/isolation & purification ; *Biodiversity ; Biomass ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Drinking Water ; Drug Resistance ; Food Chain ; *Health ; Helminths/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity/etiology/immunology ; Plant Diseases/microbiology/parasitology ; Soil/*parasitology ; *Soil Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Conservation. Challenges to the future conservation of the Antarctic (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chown, S L -- Lee, J E -- Hughes, K A -- Barnes, J -- Barrett, P J -- Bergstrom, D M -- Convey, P -- Cowan, D A -- Crosbie, K -- Dyer, G -- Frenot, Y -- Grant, S M -- Herr, D -- Kennicutt, M C 2nd -- Lamers, M -- Murray, A -- Possingham, H P -- Reid, K -- Riddle, M J -- Ryan, P G -- Sanson, L -- Shaw, J D -- Sparrow, M D -- Summerhayes, C -- Terauds, A -- Wall, D H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 13;337(6091):158-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1222821.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa. steven.chown@monash.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22798586" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/trends ; *Ecosystem ; Forecasting ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Public Policy ; Travel
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Ecological linkages between aboveground and belowground biota (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-06-12
    Description: All terrestrial ecosystems consist of aboveground and belowground components that interact to influence community- and ecosystem-level processes and properties. Here we show how these components are closely interlinked at the community level, reinforced by a greater degree of specificity between plants and soil organisms than has been previously supposed. As such, aboveground and belowground communities can be powerful mutual drivers, with both positive and negative feedbacks. A combined aboveground-belowground approach to community and ecosystem ecology is enhancing our understanding of the regulation and functional significance of biodiversity and of the environmental impacts of human-induced global change phenomena.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wardle, David A -- Bardgett, Richard D -- Klironomos, John N -- Setala, Heikki -- van der Putten, Wim H -- Wall, Diana H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 11;304(5677):1629-33.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Landcare Research, Post Office Box 69, Lincoln, New Zealand. david.wardle@svek.slu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15192218" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Invertebrates/*physiology ; Plant Development ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena ; *Soil/parasitology ; *Soil Microbiology ; Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Don't sell social science short (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ojima, Dennis S -- Wall, Diana H -- Moore, John -- Galvin, Kathy -- Hobbs, N T -- Hunt, William H -- Paustian, Keith -- Swift, David -- Boone, Randall B -- Conant, Richard T -- Klein, Julia -- Christensen, Lindsey -- Sankaran, Mahesh -- Ratnam, Jayashree -- Ayres, Ed -- Steltzer, Heidi -- Simmons, Breana -- Williams, Gary -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 9;312(5779):1470.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16763130" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ecology ; Financing, Government ; Politics ; *Research Support as Topic ; Social Sciences/*economics ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Give soils their due (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wall, Diana H -- Six, Johan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 13;347(6223):695. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa8493.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Diana H. Wall is chair of the Global Biodiversity Initiative and a professor at the School of Global Environmental Sustainability and Department of Biology at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA. diana.wall@colostate.edu. ; Johan Six is a professor in the Department of Environmental Systems Science at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH-Zurich, Switzerland. jsix@ethz.ch.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25678633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biota ; Drinking Water ; *Food Supply ; Humans ; *Public Health ; *Soil
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Observed trends of soil fauna in the Antarctic Dry Valleys: early signs of shifts predicted under climate change (2018)
    Wiley
    In: Ecology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-06
    Description: Long-term observations of ecological communities are necessary for generating and testing predictions of ecosystem responses to climate change. We investigated temporal trends and spatial patterns of soil fauna along similar environmental gradients in three sites of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, spanning two distinct climatic phases: a decadal cooling trend from the early 1990s through the austral summer of February 2001, followed by a shift to the current trend of warming summers and more frequent discrete warming events. After February 2001, we observed a decline in the dominant species (the nematode Scottnema lindsayae ) and increased abundance and expanded distribution of less common taxa (rotifers, tardigrades, and other nematode species). Such diverging responses have resulted in slightly greater evenness and spatial homogeneity of taxa. However, total abundance of soil fauna appears to be declining, as positive trends of the less common species so far have not compensated for the declining numbers of the dominant species. Interannual variation in the proportion of juveniles in the dominant species was consistent across sites, whereas trends in abundance varied more. Structural equation modeling supports the hypothesis that the observed biological trends arose from dissimilar responses by dominant and less common species to pulses of water availability resulting from enhanced ice melt. No direct effects of mean summer temperature were found, but there is evidence of indirect effects via its weak but significant positive relationship with soil moisture. Our findings show that combining an understanding of species responses to environmental change with long-term observations in the field can provide a context for validating and refining predictions of ecological trends in the abundance and diversity of soil fauna.
    Print ISSN: 0012-9658
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-9170
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Ecological Society of America (ESA).
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling the effects of loss of soil biodiversity on ecosystem function (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Global change biology 8 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: There are concerns about whether accelerating worldwide loss of biodiversity will adversely affect ecosystem functioning and services such as forage production. Theoretically, the loss of some species or functional groups might be compensated for by changes in abundance of other species or functional groups such that ecosystem processes are unaffected. A simulation model was constructed for carbon and nitrogen transfers among plants and functional groups of microbes and soil fauna. The model was based on extensive information from shortgrass prairie, and employed stabilizing features such as prey refuges and predator switching in the trophic equations. Model parameters were derived either from the literature or were estimated to achieve a good fit between model predictions and data. The model correctly represented (i) the major effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 and plant species on root and shoot biomass, residue pools, microbial biomass and soil inorganic nitrogen, and (ii) the effects on plant growth of manipulating the composition of the microbial and faunal community. The model was evaluated by comparing predictions to data not used in model development. The 15 functional groups of microbes and soil fauna were deleted one at a time and the model was run to steady state. Only six of the 15 deletions led to as much as a 15% change in abundance of a remaining group, and only two deletions (bacteria and saprophytic fungi) led to extinctions of other groups. Functional groups with greater effect on abundance of other groups were those with greater biomass or greater number of consumers, regardless of trophic position. Of the six deletions affecting the abundance of other groups, only three (bacteria, saprophytic fungi, and root-feeding nematodes) caused as much as 10% changes in indices of ecosystem function (nitrogen mineralization and primary production). While the soil fauna as a whole were important for maintenance of plant production, no single faunal group had a significant effect. These results suggest that ecosystems could sustain the loss of some functional groups with little decline in ecosystem services, because of compensatory changes in the abundance of surviving groups. However, this prediction probably depends on the nature of stabilizing mechanisms in the system, and these mechanisms are not fully understood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00425.x
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